1,720,955 research outputs found
Žanas Batistas Kolberas (J. B. Colbert) – teoretikas ir praktikas
Full text linkThe main purpose of this article is to analyse the theoretical and practical work of Jean Baptiste Colbert – the grandee of French economics and the representative of mercantilism. This article deals with almost all areas of his work: state economy, trade policy, national defence, culture and art.
This article mainly focuses on economics. First of all, the article widely analyses the works of J. B. Colbert in the area of tax reform. Colbert focused on the shift in the tax load from the poor onto the prosperous, not forgetting the simplification of tax administration. The ideas of Colbert, which remained purely theoretic, are introduced alongside.
In addition, Colbert focused on the industrial development of the country. The State promoted the establishment of manufactories, high-skilled labour imports, estimated the quality standards of production, aimed at the effective administration of supplies. Moreover, an effort was made to restrict imports and expand exports, as well as to establish transatlantic trade companies.
At the end of the article, other activities of Colbert and changes in the situation after he passed away are briefly analysed.
This article is topical for today’s realities. Recent turmoil both in the global and in the national economy stimulates the search for analogies and methods of how similar situations were handled in the past
Valstiečių paskolų-taupymo draugijos Lietuvoje iki pirmojo pasaulinio karo
Full text linkThe first savings bank in the territory of present-day Lithuania was founded approximately in 1830 in Klaipėda. The first credit union was already functioning in Šilutė in 1865. These towns belonged 10 Germany at that time. Some years later credit unions also appeared in another part of Lithuania, the region that belonged to Russia. For example, the first peasant savings and loan societies were established in the Kaunas district only in 1873. Before the First World War these societies accumulated approximately 4 million roubles of credit resources. These credit resources could only amount to 20–25 percent of all Lithuanian peasants’ savings
Currency crisis, 2007 – myth or reality?
No full textValiutos krizė geriausiai apibūdinama kaip priverstinis valiutos nuvertinimas. Istoriškai procese didelį vaidmenį vaidina spekuliatyvios atakos, psichologiniai efektai. Vis dėlto, paprastai po šiomis jėgomis slepiasi makroekonominis ir finansinis nestabilumas, ir tai priverčia šalis devalvuoti ar paleisti plaukti jų nacionalinę valiutą. Gandai apie galimą Latvijos lato devalvavimą pasigirdo 2007 pavasarį. Latas patyrė spekuliatyvią ataką, kurią sėkmingai įveikė Latvijos bankas. Tačiau nerimą keliantys gandai ir analitikų įspėjimai apie rizikingą Baltijos regioną nenutilo, ir todėl iškilo klausimas Ar įmanoma, kad kuri nors iš Baltijos valstybių devalvuos savo valiutą? Straipsnyje pateikiama pagrindinių finansinių rodiklių Baltijos regione, daugiausia Lietuvoje, apžvalga. Pagrindinis tikslas buvo įvertinti, remiantis valiutų krizių ir jų priežasčių istorija, tokio scenarijaus Lietuvoje ir jos kaimyninėse šalyse - Latvijoje ir Estijoje - tikimybę 2007 metais. Rezultatai rodo žymų makroekonominį spaudimą visoms valiutoms, pirmiausia Latvijos latui. Faktiškai šalis patyrė didžiausią ir augantį einamosios sąskaitos deficitą ir labai smarkiai kylančią infliaciją, o tai reiškia didelę priklausomybę nuo užsienio finansavimo ir konkurencingumo praradimą. Atsižvelgus į faktą, kad Latvija turi ekonominius ir neekonominius ryšius su Lietuva, jos valiutos devalvavimas galėjo tapti dideliu spaudimu ir Lietuvos litui. Kita vertus, kai kurie faktoriai - institucinė aplinka, politiniai įsipareigojimai ir galimi devalvacijos kaštai - darė tokį scenarijų neįtikimu, nebent regionui kirstų dar žymesnis sulėtėjimas arba kietas nusileidimas. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Valiutos krizė; Devalvacija; Pagrindiniai finansiniai rodikliai; Baltijos regionas; A currency crisis; Devaluation; Major financial indicators; Baltic regionA currency crisis is best described as a forced currency devaluation. Historically, speculative attacks, psychological effects - like contagion - played a great role in the process. However, it is the macroeconomic and financial instability that usually underlies these forces and causes the countries to devalue or float their national currencies. [...] This article presents an overview of the major financial indicators in the Baltic region, mainly Lithuania. The major goal was to assess, given the history of the currency crisis and reasons thereof, the likelihood of such a scenario in Lithuania and its neighbouring countries - Latvia and Estonia - in 2007. The results show a significant macroeconomic pressure on all the currencies, primarily the Latvian lat. As a matter of fact, the country ran the biggest and growing current account deficit and skyrocketing inflation, which means great reliance on foreign financing and the loss of competitiveness. In view of the fact that Latvia has both economic and non-economic links with Lithuania, its currency devaluation might come as a significant pressure for the Lithuanian litas as well. On the other hand, some factors - like institutional background, political commitments and possible devaluation costs - make such a scenario unlikely, unless a more significant slowdown or "hard landing" strikes the region
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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