1,720,958 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
L'inhibition de la voie Phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT induit un signal apoptotique via la redistribution du récepteur de mort CD95 dans les radeaux lipidiques
No full textLe CD95 appartient à la famille du TNF-R. Il est capable de déclencher un signal apoptotique et joue un rôle prépondérant dans le maintien de l’homéostasie du système immunitaire et dans l’élimination de cellules infectées ou transformées. Suite à la fixation de son ligand le CD95L ou d’un anticorps agoniste, le CD95 recrute la protéine FADD, qui à son tour agrège les caspases initiatrices (i.e., caspase -8 et -10). Le complexe formé par le CD95, FADD et les caspases -8/10 est appelé DISC, pour Deah Inducing Signaling Complex. Une fois le DISC formé, l’agrégation des caspases initiatrices entraîne leur activation, et la mort de la cellule par apoptose. Ce signal médié par CD95, peut être modulé par la distribution ou l’exclusion du récepteur vis à vis des microdomaines membranaires ou radeaux lipidiques. Ces domaines de la membrane plasmique sont des structures membranaires enrichies en sphingolipides et cholestérol. La relocalisation de CD95 dans ces radeaux lipidiques permet d’amplifier le signal de mort. L’activation de la voie phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, est connue pour sa capacité à protéger les cellules tumorales du signal apoptotique médié par CD95, et à induire des mouvements latéraux de CD95 à la membrane. Nos travaux montrent que l’inhibition de la voie PI3K/Akt induit i) la relocalisation du CD95 dans les microdomaines et ii) l’induction du signal apoptotique CD95 indépendamment de la présence du ligand CD95L. Ainsi, nous mettons en évidence que la voie PI3K/Akt est capable d’augmenter le seuil d’activation du signal CD95 en agissant en amont de la formation du DISC ou de l’interaction CD95/CD95L, en maintenant le récepteur exclu des microdomaines.CD95 belongs to the TNF-R superfamily, and it triggers an apoptotic signal. CD95 plays a key role in homeostasis of the immune system and in the elimination of infected and transformed cells. Upon CD95L binding, CD95 recruits FADD, which in turn aggregates initiator caspases (i.e., caspase-8 and -10). The complex CD95, FADD and caspase-8/10 is called DISC for Death Inducing Signaling Complex. At the DISC level, caspase aggregation leads to their activation and death of the cells through apoptosis. The CD95-mediated apoptotic signal is modulated by microdomains, or lipid rafts, which are plasma membrane sub-domains enriched in sphygolipids and cholesterol. Thereby, partition of CD95 into lipid rafts promotes the apoptotic signal. Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway is known to prevent the CD95-mediated apoptotic signal in malignant cells, and to control lateral mobility of CD95 at the plasma membrane. Herein, we showed that inhibition of PI3K signal induced i) the distribution of CD95 into lipid rafts and ii) the subsequent induction of the CD95-mediated apoptotic signal through a CD95L independent manner. In conclusion, we pinpointed that PI3K/Akt signaling pathway inhibits the CD95 signal by acting upstream DISC formation and even upstream the CD95-CD95L interaction through the exclusion of the death receptor from the microdomains
L'inhibition de la voie Phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT induit un signal apoptotique via la redistribution du récepteur de mort CD95 dans les radeaux lipidiques
No full textLe CD95 appartient à la famille du TNF-R. Il est capable de déclencher un signal apoptotique et joue un rôle prépondérant dans le maintien de l’homéostasie du système immunitaire et dans l’élimination de cellules infectées ou transformées. Suite à la fixation de son ligand le CD95L ou d’un anticorps agoniste, le CD95 recrute la protéine FADD, qui à son tour agrège les caspases initiatrices (i.e., caspase -8 et -10). Le complexe formé par le CD95, FADD et les caspases -8/10 est appelé DISC, pour Deah Inducing Signaling Complex. Une fois le DISC formé, l’agrégation des caspases initiatrices entraîne leur activation, et la mort de la cellule par apoptose. Ce signal médié par CD95, peut être modulé par la distribution ou l’exclusion du récepteur vis à vis des microdomaines membranaires ou radeaux lipidiques. Ces domaines de la membrane plasmique sont des structures membranaires enrichies en sphingolipides et cholestérol. La relocalisation de CD95 dans ces radeaux lipidiques permet d’amplifier le signal de mort. L’activation de la voie phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, est connue pour sa capacité à protéger les cellules tumorales du signal apoptotique médié par CD95, et à induire des mouvements latéraux de CD95 à la membrane. Nos travaux montrent que l’inhibition de la voie PI3K/Akt induit i) la relocalisation du CD95 dans les microdomaines et ii) l’induction du signal apoptotique CD95 indépendamment de la présence du ligand CD95L. Ainsi, nous mettons en évidence que la voie PI3K/Akt est capable d’augmenter le seuil d’activation du signal CD95 en agissant en amont de la formation du DISC ou de l’interaction CD95/CD95L, en maintenant le récepteur exclu des microdomaines.CD95 belongs to the TNF-R superfamily, and it triggers an apoptotic signal. CD95 plays a key role in homeostasis of the immune system and in the elimination of infected and transformed cells. Upon CD95L binding, CD95 recruits FADD, which in turn aggregates initiator caspases (i.e., caspase-8 and -10). The complex CD95, FADD and caspase-8/10 is called DISC for Death Inducing Signaling Complex. At the DISC level, caspase aggregation leads to their activation and death of the cells through apoptosis. The CD95-mediated apoptotic signal is modulated by microdomains, or lipid rafts, which are plasma membrane sub-domains enriched in sphygolipids and cholesterol. Thereby, partition of CD95 into lipid rafts promotes the apoptotic signal. Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway is known to prevent the CD95-mediated apoptotic signal in malignant cells, and to control lateral mobility of CD95 at the plasma membrane. Herein, we showed that inhibition of PI3K signal induced i) the distribution of CD95 into lipid rafts and ii) the subsequent induction of the CD95-mediated apoptotic signal through a CD95L independent manner. In conclusion, we pinpointed that PI3K/Akt signaling pathway inhibits the CD95 signal by acting upstream DISC formation and even upstream the CD95-CD95L interaction through the exclusion of the death receptor from the microdomains
Évaluation des pratiques professionnelles de prescription des examens d’Auto-Immunité au CHU Sud de l’Île de La Réunion
No full textLa présence d’auto-anticorps est une aide au diagnostic, voire au pronostic ou au suivi des maladies auto-immunes puisqu’un certain nombre d’entre eux en constituent de véritables marqueurs. La juste prescription de la biologie médicale fait partie du rôle de prestation de conseil du Biologiste. Elle permet d’optimiser la prise en charge du patient et de maitriser les dépenses. La demande croissante de biologie médicale, la mission de prestation de conseil, et la nécessité de maîtrise des couts de santé ont renforcé le besoin de promouvoir une juste prescription des examens de biologie médicale qui a pour principe de prescrire le bon examen dans le bon contexte clinique. Nous avons porté notre analyse sur la pertinence des prescriptions d’Auto-Immunité au CHU Sud de l’île de La Réunion, par le biais de trois indicateurs de juste prescription : 1) suivi des quantités de prescriptions, 2) association d’analyses et 3) revue de prescription. En collaboration avec les médecins prescripteurs, plusieurs axes d’amélioration ont été mis en place, tant au niveau du laboratoire (mise à jour du manuel de prélèvement, nouvelle feuille de demande, fiche de renseignements cliniques), qu’au niveau des services cliniques (réunions d’information, optimisation des protocoles de prescription, et instauration d’un dialogue clinico-biologique solide). Ceci permettra à terme d’avoir d’une part, une base comparative pour de futures études, mais également, d’apprécier l’efficacité des améliorations mises en place
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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