1,720,960 research outputs found
F. R. Pitts, 1965, A Graph Theoric Approach to Historical Geography. Version bilingue et commentée
No full textPitts, Forrest R. "A graph theoretic approach to historical geography." The professional geographer 17.5 (1965): 15-20
F. R. Pitts, 1965, A Graph Theoric Approach to Historical Geography. Version bilingue et commentée
No full textPitts, Forrest R. "A graph theoretic approach to historical geography." The professional geographer 17.5 (1965): 15-20
Communication, Transportation and the Decentralization of Selected Public Services in New South Wales (Australia)
No full textNew South Wales, in common with most other Australian states, has an urban hierarchy dominated by the state capital city. The proposal to decentralize population and economic activity away from the capital city has received an increasing amount of support in recent years. In this research the decentralization of selected public services is examined with respect to the structure and flows within transportation and communication networks. Factor analysis was used to identify regions for the structure and flows of several transportation and communication networks. In addition, the question of the optimal location of branch facilities in a tertiary service organization was discussed using several computer programs which solved variants of the location-allocation problem. The location of these branch facilities and the boundaries of their service areas were compared with, firstly, the results obtained in the factor analysis of structure and flows in the transportation and communication networks and, secondly, empirical studies of the location, type and service areas of central places within the state. The question of decentralizing public services was linked to the general problem of urban and regional development within the state. The development of growth centers was discussed as a possible planning strategy. A conclusion that emerges from the analysis of the structure and flows in transportation and communication networks was that the location and nature of growth centers must take into account the dominance of state capital cities. In addition, future innovations in transportation and communication technology may further increase the dominance of the existing metropolitan areas.Ph.D
Development Strategies in a Lagging Region: The Case of Centralized Polarization in Korea
Full text linkThis study examines differences in the levels of regional development among the six regions (Capital, Kangwon, Ch'ungch'ong, Cholla, Kyongsang and Cheju) of the Republic of Korea from 1941 to 1976 and the possible factors which have created and perpetuated their differences, especially between the more developed Kyongsang region and the less developed Cholla region. It also investigates the ways in which the struggle for development in these two regions is affected by explicit economic and implicit political policies. Finally, the study recommends that development strategies aimed at reducing regional disparities be based on identifying and reversing these policies. The variables employed in determining the level of regional development among six regions include demographic characteristics, productivity in primary and secondary sectors, the magnitude of infrastructural facilities, health facilities and educational attainment, and other financial conditions such as local taxes and bank deposits. Furthermore, the overall extent of regional disparities in the Republic of Korea is analyzed by Williamson's population-weighted coefficient of variation, using GRP per capita. Its overall magnitude of disparities converged during 1961-66, but subsequently diverged during 1966-76. Regional disparities between the Cholla region and the Kyongsang region have accelerated in terms of both the regions as a whole and within localities of the two regions, particularly since the early 1970s. In the 1970s private investment variable was by far an important determinant in the level of regional development of the Kyongsang region and, to a lesser extent, of the Cholla region. During the 1960s, however, education played an important role in the Cholla region, but this was not significant in the Kyongsang region. While infrastructure was a crucial factor in explaining developmental changes in the Cholla region between 1971 and 1975, private investment was more important in the Kyongsang region during the same period. The regional dummy variables had little effect on the static models of regional development, but these had a somewhat significant effect on the dynamic models. Disparities in development between the two regions are thus attributable to both locational and structural conditions. The Kyongsang region has rapidly developed as an industrial region, especially for manufacturing of export goods, in the Republic of Korea, along with the support of explicit economic and implicit political policies. In contrast, it appears that the Cholla region has not only received relatively little benefit of development but has also been comparatively neglected in recent industrial development. The implication is that explicit and implicit policies aimed at efficiency-oriented economic development through regional polarization cannot be successful without negative side effects. The efficiency goal, therefore, may not be compatible with the equity goal. It appears from the experience of the Republic of Korea that polarization policies perpetuate regional disparities arising in the early stage of economic development. In order to relieve prevailing social unrest and thereby realize social and spacial justice, the most effective means of overcoming regional disparities appears to be through paving the way for an equity policy. Continuous attention and almost single-minded commitment of political leaders are required to transform an efficiency-orientation into equity-oriented programs. Strong political commitment, changes in policy priorities, and more political participation appear to be the basic preconditions for more equitable regional development in centralized countries in the Third World, including the Republic of Korea.Ph.D
City Attractiveness and Internal Migration in Korea: Place Utility Considerations
Full text linkThe aim of this study is to explain internal migration in Korea in relation to city attractiveness--both objective and subjective--via a behavioral geographical approach, specifically the place utility approach initially developed by Julian Wolpert. The concept of place utility, despite its potential usefulness in explaining migration behavior, has not been extensively applied in migration research, using appropriate data, because its transformation into specific terms has been difficult. Through a survey of the literature on the approach and the consideration of Korea-specific characteristics, the place utility of a city, or the city attractiveness, in this study was broken down into seven attributes: (1) income and wealth; (2) job opportunity; (3) educational opportunity; (4) housing situation; (5) the quality of urban facilities; (6) the presence of friends or relatives; and (7) social mobility opportunity. The subjective city attractiveness in terms of these attributes as perceived by people was obtained through a questionnaire survey conducted in Ch'ungbuk province between August 1, 1983 and August 31, 1983. Respondents were asked to rank-order the selected 36 cities on each of the seven attributes, and also on the overall city attractiveness considering all of these. By converting respondents' attractiveness ranking matrices to score terms through a quantitative procedure modified from Peter Gould's mental map technique, eight categories of subjective city attractiveness measures for each city were computed. Objective city attractiveness measures for the place utility attributes were represented by various socio-economic indicators calculated from published data. In addition, this study introduced the concept of "misperception of city attractiveness" to represent the difference between subjective and objective city attractivenesses. This was measured by the value of the difference in Z-scores between the subjective attractiveness of a place attribute of a city versus the corresponding objective attractiveness of the city. The number of out-migrants from Ch'ungbuk province to each city of Korea was used as the dependent variable for various analyses. Major items of analyses included (1) the relation between city-ward migration flows and objective measures of city attractiveness; (2) subjective city attractiveness scores and the migration flows; (3) a comparison of these two interpretations; and (4) the relation between misperceptions of city attractiveness and migration flows. Objective city attractiveness measures explained 55.3 to 58.8 percent of the variation in city-ward migration from Ch'ungbuk province to 36 selected cities. By contrast, regression models between subjective attractiveness scores and migration flows to the same cities explained 93.9 to 95.5 percent of the migration variation. Perceived city attractiveness attributes such as job opportunity, income opportunity, educational opportunity, the quality of urban facilities, and the social mobility opportunity were very highly correlated with city-ward migration flows. Judging from the large gap of R-square levels between the two interpretations, it is apparent that city-ward migration is dependent on individuals' subjective evaluation of city attractiveness rather than on objective attractiveness itself. This is also supported by the high R-squares of the misperception models, ranging between 0.6011 and 0.7154, which are even greater than those of objective city attractiveness models in explaining the flow of city-ward migration. Findings from the analysis of misperception imply that the presence of misperceptions of city attractiveness in people's minds is believed to be the most important reason why the subjective measurements of city attractiveness are so highly correlated with city-ward migration flows. They also support the basic premise of cognitive behaviorism which assumes that man reacts to his environment as he perceives and interprets it through previous experience and knowledge. Therefore, policy efforts, through information programs, to close the gap between actual (objective) city attractiveness and its subjective perception may be a prerequisite for the better functioning of population redistribution programs. In this regard, efforts through the mass media and school education to decrease the over-perception people have of the attractions of the Capital Region and other large metropolises, and also to inform people about the merits of life in small cities or rural areas, are worth considering as long-term policy measures. Such efforts may be less expensive and more rewarding than existing policy measures intended to change population distribution.Ph.D
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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