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IDENTIFIKASI KANDUNGAN FITOKIMIA DAN UJI KADAR HAMBAT MINIMUM DAN KADAR BUNUH MINIMUM EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PANGI (PANGIUM EDULE REINW. EX BLUME) TEERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI ESCHERICHIA COLI
Get PDFIDENTIFIKASI KANDUNGAN FITOKIMIA DAN UJI KADAR HAMBAT MINIMUM DAN KADAR BUNUH MINIMUM EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PANGI (PANGIUM EDULE REINW. EX BLUME) TEERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI ESCHERICHIA COLI Pinta1), Widya Astuty Lolo1), Paulina V.Y Yamlean1)1)Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA UNSRAT Manado, 95115 ABSTRACT Pangi Leaf (Pangium edule Reinw. Ex Blume) has the chemical content as antibacterial. The purpose of this research is to know the chemical content of Pangi leaf and to know the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) from the ethanol extract of Pangi leaf against Escherichia coli bacteria. The extraction was done by maceration method to obtain ethanol extract. Testing begins with Phytochemical Screening, followed by testing the antibacterial activity of Escherichia coli performed by liquid dilution method. The concentration of test solution used was 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, respectively, and 1.56% for positive controls used Ciprofloxacin and negative controls used Aquades. Based on the results of the research, the Pangi leaf extract contains Flavonoid compounds, Saponins and Steroids. The KHM of Pangi leaf extract was found at the concentration of 25% and KBM of Pangi leaf cannot be determined because of the bacterial growth at the concentration of 50%. Keywords: Pangi Leaves, Maseration, MIC and MBC ABSTRAK Daun Pangi (Pangium edule Reinw. ex Blume) memiliki kandungan senyawa fitokimia yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan fitokimia dari daun Pangi dan mengetahui Kadar Hambat Minimum (KHM) dan Kadar Bunuh Minimum (KBM) dari ekstrak etanol daun Pangi terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi sehingga diperoleh ekstrak etanol. Pengujian diawali dengan melakukan Skrining Fitokimia, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri Escherichia coli yang dilakukan dengan metode Dilusi cair. Konsentrasi larutan uji yang digunakan 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,125% dan 1,56% untuk kontrol positif digunakan Ciprofloxacin dan kontrol negatif digunakan Aquades. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh hasil bahwa ekstrak daun Pangi mengandung senyawa Flavonoid, Saponin dan Steroid. KHM ekstrak daun Pangi terdapat pada konsentrasi 25% dan KBM ekstrak daun Pangi belum dapat ditentukan karena sampai konsentrasi 50% masih menunjukan adanya pertumbuhan bakteri.                                                                                 Kata kunci: Daun Pangi, Maserasi, KHM dan KBM   Â
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Plan de marketing para el lanzamiento de la marca Aromo en la ciudad de Loja.
Get PDFPROCLEAN de la ciudad de Loja es una empresa de manufactura que tiene tres años en el mercado local fabricando productos de limpieza dirigidos al segmento industrial, lo que le ha permitido ganar experiencia y mejorar sus procesos productivos. Actualmente la empresa busca ingresar a un nuevo mercado compuesto por hogares, requiriendo para ello contar con una marca que identifique sus productos de limpieza y
permita posicionarlos en el mismo. Con este fin, se ha propuesto la elaboración de un plan de marketing para el lanzamiento de la marca Aromo en la ciudad de Loja. Para lograrlo se analizaron aspectos relacionados con el macroentorno y microentorno; y se aplicaron instrumentos de investigación como la encuesta y entrevistas a profundidad. Con base a la información analizada se elaboró un plan de marketing, donde se establecen las estrategias de marketing mix que aplicará la empresa PROCLEAN para
posicionar su marca Aromo en el mercado local, e incrementar su participación en el mismo. Finalmente, se realiza el análisis financiero, donde se demostró su factibilidad económica
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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