1,721,045 research outputs found
Towards a Chinese theory of international relations evidenced in practice and policy
No full textThe discipline of international relations (IR) grew out of efforts to prevent global conflict and better understand the causes of conflict and war. Critically, in the aftermath of the First World War, it sought to improve diplomacy and increase cooperation among states. Thus, IR is rooted within what might be framed as a Western tradition based on European patterns of state-based interactions globally. As a result, Agnew (2022, p. 25) argues that its foundational assumptions are ‘presumed to be universal’ despite them being grounded upon a ‘limited geographical experience’, and this has resulted in renewed efforts by Chinese IR theorists to reshape the scholarly literature so that it includes the Chinese experience. Such an effort also reflects China’s growing global power, which provides a strong rationale among Chinese academia, government and policy circles that the Chinese experience and Chinese model of development should be included within the discipline. As a result, such considerations frequently present ideas around how the Chinese outlook on the pattern of international relations is radically different from the Western tradition, historically and in the present era, and is typically framed around highlighting differences rather than seeking out the commonalities. Frequently, this has led to Chinese IR theory (CIRT) being Sinocentric in its nature, while at the same time, Chinese scholars have critiqued Western IR theory (WIRT) as Eurocentric or American-led
International relations theory in a post-great power world
No full textThere are certain ‘fundamentals’ of how our world works—or at least how it has worked across the preceding generations and eras—fundamentals that underlie the nature and organization of all our systems—economic systems, social systems, political systems, and so forth. The 21st century may see profound changes to many or even all of these fundamentals—all within this single long generation. This provides scholars with a research opportunity. This chapter foresees a confluence of game changers within each fundamental that can profoundly change the nature of the game across all the systems. There is a steadily growing body of Chinese literature exploring and envisioning some dimensions of a distinct ‘Chinese’ system of international relations theory. There is likewise a growing body of global literature imagining the same. To a certain degree, this great unanswered question—what is Chinese international relations theory (CIRT)?—creates a wide-ranging and malleable intellectual space within which Chinese scholars and practitioners could apply their craft and adapt to rapidly changing circumstances. Strategy and policy debates in places like the United States, while unrestricted and vibrant, often seem stifled and stale, struggling to keep pace with the present, let alone prepare for the future. The United States remains committed to reinforcing a liberal world order. Without overtly challenging the general status quo, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) advocates revisionist models of great power relations. Neither are likely by the late-21st century. Contrary to this false ‘Thucydides Trap,’ the real rising power may be the ‘global rest’ who may pursue an order beyond that of great power politics. The greatest advantage the Chinese or key rivals like the Americans have now is not to influence the conditions of the other—but rather the potential to influence the nature of the world their children’s countries will have to live in
Towards a Chinese theory of international relations evidenced in practice and policy
No full textAcademic discussions of a Chinese international relations theory are frequently centred on the belief that the Chinese outlook radically differs from the Western tradition and that Chinese international relations theory could significantly contribute to better understanding world politics. While Chinese scholars have critiqued Western international relations theory as Eurocentric or American-led, the emerging Chinese international relations theory has long been impacted by concerns inside Chinese academia over the Sinocentrism it contains. In addition, Chinese international relations theory is also heavily influenced by the power of the Chinese Communist Party, which often eliminates scholars’ views on the nature and contribution Chinese international relations theory could offer to the wider discipline of international relations. This chapter engages with the internal dialogues on Chinese international relations theory inside of China and considers the pervasive influence the Chinese Communist Party has on the formation of Chinese international relations in policy and practice, and how this manifests itself in Chinese foreign policy
Chinese International Relations Theory: As Emerging from Practice and Policy
No full textThis book explores how fundamental aspects of China’s rapidly evolving arena of international relations theory are emerging directly from the realms of practice and policy.
As a unique explanation of the Chinese School by those actually making the decisions, assisted and researched in collaboration with eminent global scholars, the book guides the global reader through the building of Chinese international relations theory and how China may be accounted for, behaviour predicted and useful policy developed.
With chapters examining critical issues such as
• Statecraft and party
• The Belt and Road Initiative
• Diplomacy and security in the Asia-Pacific
• China–US relations
• The South China Sea
This book will provide new theory to policymakers and prove an invaluable guide to students and scholars of Chinese politics, international relations theory, diplomacy, global studies and international relations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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