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Optics and theory of vision in the Kitāb nūr al-'uyūn wa-jāmi' al-funūn: critical edition, translation and comment of the second maqāla
No full textScience changes constantly. Most of the time, progress involves minor issues or specific elements of inquiry. Much more rarely, instead, the foundational paradigms evolve, entailing processes of conceptual re-elaboration which re-define the disciplines anew. Let us consider optics. The re-definition of the discipline as the physics of light is quite recent. Throughout Antiquity and the Middle Ages, its status was completely different. Optics was in fact conceived as the science of vision, the eye being its primary element of investigation, rather than light. Such a paradigmatic link warranted a special connection between optics and medicine, namely with ophthalmology. The medieval Arabic production in this field is a case in point inasmuch as the lion’s share of its texts usually presents a section devoted to optics. Within this tradition, deeply influenced by the ancient Greek legacy, the Kitāb nūr al-ʿuyūn wa-ǧāmiʿ al-funūn stands out. Contrary to a standard, unoriginal treatment of the ophthalmological issues, the contents, sources, and general setup of its second maqāla, entirely devoted to optical matters, is as peculiar as to make this work a unicum in the field of medieval Arabic ophthalmology. Centered on the examination of this section, this study aims to produce a critical edition thereof, integrated with an annotated translation. Before that, a contextualization of the Kitāb nūr al-ʿuyūn wa-ǧāmiʿ al-funūn is provided in Chapter One. The first paragraph introduces the work regarding its main contents, setup, and approach. A brief overview concerning the state of the art on the Kitāb nūr al-ʿuyūn wa-ǧāmiʿ al-funūn is presented afterwards. The second paragraph focuses on the second maqāla, which is examined upon the background of the Arabic medieval literary production on ophthalmology. By means of retracing models and patterns regarding the treatment of optical matters within the most famous works in the field, the uniqueness of the maqāla is established. The third paragraph deals with diagrams, pivotal elements of Euclidean geometrical optics. In particular, diagrams are examined with regard to their paleographical-codicological peculiarities, in order to shed some light upon issues relating to the material culture, as well as to investigate how diagrams interact with the leaf and the mathematical content they refer to. The fourth paragraph is reserved to the author of the Kitāb nūr al-ʿuyūn wa-ǧāmiʿ al-funūn, Abū Zakariyyā Yaḥyā b. Abī al-Raǧāʾ. This section is structured as an attempt at sketching a biographical profile of the author of the treatise. Chapter Two focuses on the manuscript witnesses of the Kitāb nūr al-ʿuyūn wa-ǧāmiʿ al-funūn, which are thoroughly analyzed with regard to their codicological and paleographical characteristics. In Chapter Three, the critical edition and annotated translation of the second maqāla are provided. Three Appendices conclude the study. Appendix I is devoted to diagrams; synoptical tables comparing the lectiones of the lettering and the drawings of manuscripts are presented. Appendix II focuses on bāb 14 of the ninth maqāla, “On strabismus and its cure”; the critical edition of the Arabic text and an annotated translation are provided. Appendix III is a specialized glossary of technical terms relating to the field of optics. Finally, a bibliography is supplied
Bongianino, Umberto, The Manuscript Tradition of the Islamic West. Maghribī Round Script and the Andalusī Identity, Edinburgh Studies in Islamic Art, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 2022, 504 pp.
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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