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Radiometric Dates from the South American Andes and Adjacent Areas: A Compilation
No full textA compilation of published radiometric dates for igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks from the South American Andes and adjacent parts of South America have been tabulated for access by researchers via GEOROC. The compilations exist as three distinct spreadsheets for access via MS Excel, Google Sheets, and other spreadsheet applications. Initial igneous compilations were utilized in two publications by the author, Pilger (1981, 1984), The compilations have been added to in subsequent years with the metamorphic and sedimentary compilations separated in the last few years. Locations in latitude and longitude are largely taken from the original source, if provided, with UTM locations maintained and converted; in some cases, sample locations were digitized from electronic maps if coordinates were otherwise not available. Analytical results are not included to prevent the files from becoming too large. The existing compilation incorporates compilations by other workers in smaller regions of the Andes. References to original and compilation sources are included.
While I am updating reconstructions of the South American and Nazca/Farallon plates, incorporating recent studies in the three oceans, for comparison with the igneous dates for the past 80 m. y., it is hoped that the spreadsheets will be of value to other workers
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Tracing hotspot traces in the Andes
No full textTwo segments of subduction of the Nazca plate beneath the South American plate occur at low angles based on seismic hypocenter locations, approaching nearly horizontal below ~100 km in depth. In contrast with most of the rest of the subduction zone, the two segments, beneath central Chile, and central and northern Peru, lack active volcanoes along the crest of the Andes and have more subdued topography to the east of the Andean crest. Each low-angle subduction segment occurs to the east of the intersection of inferred mantle hotspot traces on the Nazca plate with the Peru-Chile Trench: the Nazca ridge (at the southern part of the Peruvian segment), and the Juan Fernández island-seamount chain (offshore the Chilean segment). A third inferred trace, the Galápagos-Carnegie ridge, may be correlated with a zone on incipient low-angle subduction beneath Colombia.The importance of such hotspot traces in contributing to low-angle subduction beneath the Andes is strengthened by updated South American-Nazca plate reconstructions, including three oceanic hotspot traces, in comparison with a new isotopic date compilation of igneous rocks from the mountain range. The Juan Fernández hotspot trace, reconstructed from Pacific-hotspot models to the Nazca-Farallon plate, encountered the subduction zone offshore southern Peru ~65 Ma, broadening arc volcanism to the east; the trace-trench intersection migrated gradually and then rapidly southward, widening the arc east to Bolivia and northern Argentina; it then stabilized about 13 Ma offshore central Chile, producing the contemporary low-angle Pampean segment. The Juan Fernández hotspot may also have been responsible for formation of the Manihiki Plateau on the Pacific plate much earlier, ~125 Ma. The Easter-Nazca hotspot trace intersected the subduction zone beneath Colombia before ~50 Ma and migrated southward beneath Ecuador beginning ~15 Ma, with progressive low-angle subduction implied by migrating volcanic cessation along the Andean crest to southern Peru. The Galápagos-Carnegie hotspot trace only recently encountered the subduction zone, apparently inducing a new low-angle segment and cessation of magmatism in Colombia. The reconstructions and magmatic history provided here strongly support a previously proposed genetic relationship of hotspot traces and low-angle subduction. Additionally, the reconstructions suggest remnants of older subducted traces in the asthenosphere may have sourced post-rift magmatism in eastern Brazil and Paraguay, which cannot be explained otherwise by simple hotspot mechanisms.pp.1-6
Tracing hotspot traces in the Andes
Get PDFTwo segments of subduction of the Nazca plate beneath the South American plate occur at low angles based on seismic hypocenter locations, approaching nearly horizontal below ~100 km in depth. In contrast with most of the rest of the subduction zone, the two segments, beneath central Chile, and central and northern Peru, lack active volcanoes along the crest of the Andes and have more subdued topography to the east of the Andean crest. Each low-angle subduction segment occurs to the east of the intersection of inferred mantle hotspot traces on the Nazca plate with the Peru-Chile Trench: the Nazca ridge (at the southern part of the Peruvian segment), and the Juan Fernández island-seamount chain (offshore the Chilean segment). A third inferred trace, the Galápagos-Carnegie ridge, may be correlated with a zone on incipient low-angle subduction beneath Colombia.The importance of such hotspot traces in contributing to low-angle subduction beneath the Andes is strengthened by updated South American-Nazca plate reconstructions, including three oceanic hotspot traces, in comparison with a new isotopic date compilation of igneous rocks from the mountain range. The Juan Fernández hotspot trace, reconstructed from Pacific-hotspot models to the Nazca-Farallon plate, encountered the subduction zone offshore southern Peru ~65 Ma, broadening arc volcanism to the east; the trace-trench intersection migrated gradually and then rapidly southward, widening the arc east to Bolivia and northern Argentina; it then stabilized about 13 Ma offshore central Chile, producing the contemporary low-angle Pampean segment. The Juan Fernández hotspot may also have been responsible for formation of the Manihiki Plateau on the Pacific plate much earlier, ~125 Ma. The Easter-Nazca hotspot trace intersected the subduction zone beneath Colombia before ~50 Ma and migrated southward beneath Ecuador beginning ~15 Ma, with progressive low-angle subduction implied by migrating volcanic cessation along the Andean crest to southern Peru. The Galápagos-Carnegie hotspot trace only recently encountered the subduction zone, apparently inducing a new low-angle segment and cessation of magmatism in Colombia. The reconstructions and magmatic history provided here strongly support a previously proposed genetic relationship of hotspot traces and low-angle subduction. Additionally, the reconstructions suggest remnants of older subducted traces in the asthenosphere may have sourced post-rift magmatism in eastern Brazil and Paraguay, which cannot be explained otherwise by simple hotspot mechanisms.pp.1-6
Geokinematics Prelude to Geodynamics
No full textThere's something about introductory textbooks that can be fundamentally misleading. As I plowed through freshman Physical Geology some 36 years ago, I couldn't help but acquire the impression that all of the major problems in the earth sciences had been solved. Yes, there was a chapter about Wegener's conti nental drift hypothesis along with a few other ideas concerning earth evolution - expansion, contraction - and including Holmes' convection cell idea. Once I began to take the field trips and participate in junior-year field camp, I began to suspect that the textbooks had left something out. It didn't take long, however, to begin hearing about the "New Global Tectonics", at which point I felt that I had been misled by what I had encountered in my first formal contact with geology. All of a sudden it was clear that there was much more to geology and geophysics than a widely used book could convey. Plate Tectonics is now into its fifth decade. I haven't looked at current intro ductory textbooks, so I don't know whether they still convey the impression that all of the major problems in the earth sciences have been solved. Clearly, there is still much to do with continuing elaboration of plate tectonics, among all of the other challenges of the geosciences. This monograph introduces a number of new observations, techniques, and hypotheses as extensions to Plate Tectonic
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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