1,721,007 research outputs found
No guts, no glory in the twenty-tens: A snapshot of the burden, etiology and epidemiology of gastroenteritis during the preschool years
No full textGastroenteritis (GE) is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract that is often caused by infectious agents. GE is characterized by diarrhea and/or vomiting. In the Netherlands, GE is rarely life threatening, but it causes a significant burden in terms of societal costs due to its high frequency of occurrence, particularly in children below five years of age. This thesis aims at improving our understanding of the aetiology, epidemiology and burden of GE in preschool children and their parents/caretakers in the Netherlands. We estimated that the incidence of GE in the Netherlands’ general population was highest in children younger than 5 years of age and their parents. Several child groups had an increased risk for GE, such as children with chronic enteropathies or respiratory diseases, and children using gastric antacid. Interestingly, day-care centre attendance was only a risk factor for GE up to 12 months of attendance, possibly indicating that they may acquire some immunity to GE. Most bacteria, viruses and protozoa were found just as much in stool samples of children and parents with GE as in those without GE, indicating that not all enteropathogen infections may be clinically relevant. Furthermore, we describe a remarkable rotavirus seasonal pattern in recent years in the Netherlands in absence of rotavirus vaccination, which has previously only been observed in countries with universal rotavirus vaccination. Results in this thesis highlight new areas for research into GE and provide possible targets to reduce the burden of GE in preschool children
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Severity of the clinical presentation of hepatitis A in five European countries from 1995 to 2014.
No full textObjectives: We analysed Hepatitis A (HepA) notifications and hospitalisations in Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain and Sweden for available periods between 1995 and 2014 to investigate whether decreasing HepA incidence is associated with increasing age at infection and worsening HepA presentation, and to identify groups-at-risk of severe disease. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study including 36734 notified and 36849 hospitalised patients. We used negative binomial regressions to identify over time i) trends in hospitalisation and notification rates; ii) proportion of hospitalised and notified patients aged ≥40 years; iii) proportion of severe hospitalisations; and iv) risk factors for severe hospitalisation. Results: During the study period: both HepA notifications and hospitalisations decreased, with notification rates decreasing faster; patients aged ≥40 years increased; however, the proportion of severe HepA hospitalisations remained stable. Older patients and patients with co-morbidities, particularly liver diseases, were more likely to experience severe disease. Conclusions: We used digitalised health information to confirm decreasing trends in HepA hospitalisations and notifications, and an increasing age of HepA patients in Europe. We did not identify an increase in the severity of the clinical presentation of HepA patients. Older patients with liver diseases are at increased risk of severe disease and should be prioritised for vaccination
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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