1,720,979 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dérivés d’indanes : de la chimie sur surface à la synthèse de composés push-pull aux multiples applications
No full textIndane is a molecular family with a particular importance in organic chemistry.Among them indane-based push-pull dyes have been extensively studied for non-linear optical devices and in solar cells purposes. Some of them, based on indane-1,3-dione core, have also emerged as photoinitiators in photopolymerization with encouraging results but few indane-based dyes were used later on. In this context, indane based push-pull, activable in the all visible range, may have a role to play.At the same time, indanes are well-known to form truxenes, an important motif for nanomaterials, which is why these molecules are seriously considered as synthon for surface chemistry applications. Moreover, the use of the s-indacene-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetrone, also called “INDO4”, showed a multiple reactivity depend of the nature of the surface. Even if none of the oligomer observed were truxene motifs, a different comportment could still be expected by depositing an indane with a different geometry or natureConsidering the possibility of utilisation in photopolymerization and in surface chemistry, this thesis will treat of the synthesis of various structure in order to obtain the desired properties for these applications.Les indanes sont une famille de molécule très étudiées en chimie organique.Parmi celles-ci, les colorants dits « push-pull » ont une place importante au sein de ces applications et notamment a des fins d’utilisation pour de l’optique non-linéaire ou pour des cellules solaires. Certains de ces colorants à base d’indane-1,3-dione ont également été utilisé en tant qu’initiateurs de photopolymérisation mais ces résultats n’ont que peu été repris par le futur. Dans ce contexte, les composés push-pull à base d’indane, pouvant être photo-actifs sur tout le visible, peuvent donc encore avoir un rôle à jouer.Parallèlement les indanes pourrait être des molécules de départ intéressantes pour de la chimie de surface de part la possibilité de synthétiser des truxènes à partir de ces molécules. De plus, une de ces indane, l’ s-indacene-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetrone (ou INDO4), a montré que la réactivité des indanes sur surface est multiple et que cette réactivité peut être modulée en fonction de la surface. Même si aucun motif de type truxène n’a été observé sur surface avec cette indane, il n’est pas exclu qu’une indane de géométrie différente ou de nature différente puisse en formerAu vu du potentiel d’utilisation des indanes en photopolymérisation et en chimie sur surface, cette thèse traitera de leur synthèse au travers de structures variées afin d’obtenir les propriétés nécessaires pour leurs applications respectives
Indane derivatives : from surface chemistry to push-pull molecules with multiple applications
No full textLes indanes sont une famille de molécules très étudiées en chimie organique. Parmi celles-ci, les colorants dits « push-pull » ont une place importante au sein de ces applications et notamment a des fins d’utilisation pour de l’optique non-linéaire ou pour des cellules solaires. Certains de ces colorants à base d’indane-1,3-dione ont également été utilisé en tant qu’initiateurs de photopolymérisation mais ces résultats n’ont que peu été repris par le futur. Dans ce contexte, les composés push-pull à base d’indane, pouvant être photo-actifs sur tout le visible, peuvent donc encore avoir un rôle à jouer. Parallèlement les indanes pourrait être des molécules de départ intéressantes pour de la chimie de surface de part la possibilité de synthétiser des truxènes à partir de ces molécules. De plus, une de ces indane, l’ s-indacene-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetrone (ou INDO4), a montré que la réactivité des indanes sur surface est multiple et que cette réactivité peut être modulée en fonction de la surface. Même si aucun motif de type truxène n’a été observé sur surface avec cette indane, il n’est pas exclu qu’une indane de géométrie différente ou de nature différente puisse en former. Au vu du potentiel d’utilisation des indanes en photopolymérisation et en chimie sur surface, cette thèse traitera de leur synthèse au travers de structures variées afin d’obtenir les propriétés nécessaires pour leurs applications respectivesIndane is a molecular family with a particular importance in organic chemistry. Among them indane-based push-pull dyes have been extensively studied for non-linear optical devices and in solar cells purposes. Some of them, based on indane-1,3-dione core, have also emerged as photoinitiators in photopolymerization with encouraging results but few indane-based dyes were used later on. In this context, indane based push-pull, activable in the all visible range, may have a role to play. At the same time, indanes are well-known to form truxenes, an important motif for nanomaterials, which is why these molecules are seriously considered as synthon for surface chemistry applications. Moreover, the use of the s-indacene-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetrone, also called “INDO4”, showed a multiple reactivity depend of the nature of the surface. Even if none of the oligomer observed were truxene motifs, a different comportment could still be expected by depositing an indane with a different geometry or nature. Considering the possibility of utilisation in photopolymerization and in surface chemistry, this thesis will treat of the synthesis of various structure in order to obtain the desired properties for these application
Electrical characterization and compact modeling of phase-change memory
No full textLa mémoire à changement de phase (ou PCM) est considérée actuellement comme la plus mature des technologies émergentes susceptibles de pallier les limitations de la mémoire Flash-NOR pour le futur des applications embarquées. Afin de permettre la conception de circuits à base de PCM, l’utilisation d’outils tels que la simulation SPICE est nécessaire, impliquant le besoin de modèles compacts de PCM. Ces modèles doivent être rapides, continus, et précis ; à ce jour aucun modèle de la littérature ne remplit l’ensemble de ces exigences.L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer un nouveau modèle compact de PCM, permettant la conception de circuits à base de PCM. Le modèle que nous avons développé est entièrement continu, validé sur une large gamme de tension, courant, temps et température. Construit à partir de connaissances physiques sur le fonctionnement du dispositif, il utilise un emballement thermique dans le mécanisme de Poole-Frenkel pour modéliser le seuil de commutation de la phase amorphe. L’introduction d’une variable de fraction fondue, dépendante uniquement de la température, ainsi que d’une vitesse de cristallisation dépendante de la fraction amorphe, permet la bonne modélisation de l’ensemble des dynamiques temporelles de changement d’état. De plus, une méthodologie d’extraction optimisée de la carte modèle est proposée à la suite de la validation du modèle, reposant sur une étude de sensibilité des paramètres de la carte modèle et un ensemble simple de caractérisations électriques, autorisant l’adaptation du modèle à chaque variation des procédés de fabrication pour garantir l’utilité du modèle à toutes les étapes du développement des technologies PCMPhase-change memory (PCM) is arguably the most mature emerging nonvolatile memory, foreseen for the replacement of the mainstream NOR-Flash memory for the future embedded applications. To allow the design of new PCM-based products, SPICE simulations, thus compact models, are needed. Those models need to be fast, robust and accurate; nowadays, no published model is able to fill all these requirements.The goal of this thesis is to propose a new compact model of PCM, enabling PCM-based circuit design. The model that we have developed is entirely continuous, and is validated on a wide range of voltage, current, time and temperature. Built on physical insights of the device, a thermal runaway in the Poole-Frenkel mechanism is used to model the threshold switching of the amorphous phase. Besides, the introduction of a new variable representing the melted fraction, depending only on the internal temperature, along with a crystallization speed depending on the amorphous fraction, allow the accurate modeling of all the temporal dynamics of the phase transitions. Moreover, an optimized model card extraction flow is proposed following the model validation, relying on a sensibility analysis of the model card parameters and a simple set of electrical characterizations. It enables the adjustment of the model to any process variation, and thus ensures its accuracy for the design modeling at every step of the technology developmen
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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