1,721,022 research outputs found

    New highly active Fe(II) pyridylamido catalysts for the ring opening polymerization and copolymerization of cyclic esters

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    Two Fe(II) complexes bearing chelating monoanionic [N,N]- pyridylamido ligands with bulky 2,6-dialkylphenyl substituents at both the amido and the ortho-pyridine moieties were synthesized and characterized. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of heteroleptic mononuclear [N,N]FeIIN(SiMe3)2 threecoordinated complexes. The two complexes were tested as catalysts for the Ring Opening Polymerization (ROP) of L-lactide (L -LA) and epsilon-caprolactone (CL) in the presence of 1 equiv. of alcohol co-initiator, resulting in high activity under both mild conditions (in solution at room temperature and low monomer/catalyst ratio) and more industrially relevant conditions (higher temperature and high monomer/catalyst ratio). The high activity and living character of the Fe(II) catalysts allowed the synthesis of stereo-multiblock polylactides by one-pot sequential addition of L -LA, D -LA and rac-LA at room temperature and in short reaction times, as well as the synthesis of di -block PCL-b-PLLA and three-block PLLA-b-PCL-b-PLLA copolymers by a similar approach

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Solid-State Conformational Flexibility at Work: Energetic Landscape of a Single Crystal-to-Single Crystal Transformation in a Cyclic Hexapeptoid

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    We describe the energetic landscape beyond the solid-state dynamic behavior of a cyclic hexapeptoid decorated with four propargyl and two methoxyethyl side chains, namely, cyclo-(Nme-Npa2)2, Nme = N-(methoxyethyl)glycine, Npa = N-(propargyl)glycine. By increasing the temperature above 40 °C, the acetonitrile solvate form 1A starts to release acetonitrile molecules and undergoes a reversible single crystal-to-single crystal transformation into crystal form 1B with a remarkable conformational change in the macrocycle: two propargyl side chains move by 113° to form an unprecedented "CH-πzipper". Then, upon acetonitrile adsorption, the "CH-πzipper"opens and the crystal form 1B transforms back to 1A. By conformational energy and lattice energy calculations, we demonstrate that the dramatic side-chain movement is a peculiar feature of the solid-state assembly and is determined by a backbone conformational change that leads to stabilizing CH···OC backbone-to-backbone interactions tightening the framework upon acetonitrile release. Weak interactions as CH···OC and CH-πbonds with the guest molecules are able to reverse the transformation, providing the energy contribution to unzip the framework. We believe that the underlined mechanism could be used as a model system to understand how external stimuli (as temperature, humidity, or volatile compounds) could determine conformational changes in the solid state
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