223 research outputs found
Omissions: 121(4) News; 122(2) pg 155
No full textErrata Canadian Field-Naturalist 121(4) omissionCanadian Association of Herpetologists Association canadien des herpetologists Bulletin 15(1) Fall 2007Errata Canadian Field-Naturalist 122(2) omissionPouliot, Yvan. 2008. Les collisions d’oiseaux à l’édifice Marly, St. Foy, Quebec, de 1978 à 2000, page 155.Remerciements: between Ouelett and Lessard add Pierre Richard
Tutorial : RNAseq sous Galaxy, le cas du poulet
No full textSupport utilisé lors de la formation RNAseq proposée par l'Agrocampus Ouest de Rennes. L'idée est de partir des données poulet générées et utilisées par Pierre François Roux et Sandrine Lagarrigue (Laboratoire de Génétique, UMR INRA Agrocampus Ouest PEGASE Rennes/St-Gilles) dans le cadre du module analyse de données RNAseq en utilisant un cluster de calcul
The discovery of SycO reveals a new function for type three secretion effector chaperones
Get PDFThe Type Three Secretion (T3S) system is a device used by many Gram-negative pathogens that allows bacteria to deliver effector proteins straight into the eukaryotic cell cytosol. These effectors interfere with various signaling pathways to subvert the host cell functions. The secretion machinery of the T3S system consist of a basal body spanning the bacterial inner and outer membrane followed by a stiff hollow needle outside the bacterium. The fully assembled secretion apparatus constitute a continuous hollow conduit that connects the bacteria to the eukaryotic target cell. After cell contact, virulence proteins -called effectors- are injected directly into the cytosol of the host cell via the T3S apparatus. Several effectors of the T3S system require the assistance of specific cytosolic chaperones to be efficiently exported. There are three classes of T3S chaperones. Effector proteins are assisted by Class I chaperones. Although Class I chaperones are well characterized, their main function is still a matter of controversy. In this thesis, we demonstrate that orf155 encodes a specific chaperone for the effector YopO that we called SycO. We showed that SycO enhances YopO secretion in vitro and is required for translocation of YopO into infected cells. By pulldown assay we demonstrated that residues 20 to 77 of YopO are required and sufficient for SycO binding. Using crosslinking experiments and size exclusion chromatography analysis, we determined the stoichiometry of purified SycO and YopO-SycO complexes. SycO alone forms dimers in solution and the YopO-SycO complex has a 1:2 stoichiometry. These results suggested that SycO is a typical chaperone of the Class I. YopO is a serine/theronine kinase that interacts with Rho and Rac and disrupts the cytoskeleton of the target cells. YopO has been shown to localize at the cell plasma-membrane. By transfection of YopO-EGFP hybrid proteins into HEK293T cells, we demonstrated that the chaperone-binding domain (CBD) coincides with the membrane localization domain of YopO. Nevertheless, the CBD was not needed for the kinase activity of YopO. By ultracentrifugation, we also showed that the CBD causes YopO aggregation in the bacteria, when SycO does not cover it. Further, we show that the CBD of YopE and YopT also caused aggregation in the bacteria in the absence of SycE and SycT respectively. YopE, YopT and T3S effectors in other systems also act at the membrane of the eukaryotic host cell. We propose a new hypothesis concerning the role of T3S chaperones. The sub-cellular localization domain of effectors is aggregation-prone and creates the need for a chaperone inside bacteria. We propose that masking such aggregation-prone localization domains may be a general function for type III effector chaperones
Distribution and Growth of Pre-Recruit Cohorts of the Northern Shrimp (<i>Pandalus borealis</i>) in the Western Gulf of St. Lawrence as Related to Hydrographic Conditions
No full text Samples collected with a suprabenthic sled from May to October were analysed to determine the number of pre-recruit cohorts in the northern shrimp population of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and to estimate their growth and distribution. An unexpected cohort was found with carapace lengths of 4.5–9.5 mm. This appeared to be cohort I, thus indicating three pre-recruit cohorts: cohorts 0 (2.5–4.5 mm), I (4.5–9.5 mm), and II (9.5–14.5 mm). The comparatively slow growth rate of 4–5 mm per year was attributed to the low temperatures (0.5–2.0 °C) in the bottom water inhabited by the pre-recruits, immediately below the intermediate cold water mass of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Growth rates peaked in August–September, reaching 1 mm per month. Benthic settlement of the postlarvae also appeared to occur in August–September, at an age of 4–5 mo. Sexual differentiation in males started at an age of 16 mo and maturity was reached by 30–37 mo. Two strata were sampled, 0.3–0.7 m and 1.0–1.4 m above the bottom. More than 70% of the shrimps were concentrated in the first 0.3–0.7 m stratum. Maximum density observed for one single cohort was 67 individuals per 100 m2. Large spatial and temporal variations of densities occured daily, semimonthly, and seasonally, and are thought to be partially related to horizontal transport of water masses. Densities in the strata sampled were significantly lower at night, as a result of vertical migrations in the water column. </jats:p
An econometric and neoclassical analysis of the timing and spacing of births in Canada from 1950 to 1990
No full textThis paper estimates a reduced form neoclassical model of Canadian fertility dynamics using an econometric technique that integrates several features not usually found in the demographic and economic literature. We find considerable support for the neoclassical model. We also find that correlated unobservables and parity stopping effects play an important role in Canadian fertility dynamics as well as other socio-demographic features of Canadian women. However, we fail to totally characterize the important drops in the fertility rate that took place for this era.Life-cycle · fertility · multiple spell hazards · non-parametric · heterogeneity
Géoarchéologie et préhistoire de l’archipel de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon : problèmes théoriques, méthodes et résultats préliminaires
No full textInternational audienceThe French overseas territory of St Pierre and Miquelon comprises three main islands and is located approximately 20 km south of the island of Newfoundland (Canada). As part of a UNESCO project to classify maritime heritage, a Franco-Canadian team has begun excavating the coastal site of Anse à Henry, which was occupied from the Maritime Archaic time to the historical period. Integrating multiple scales of analysis, the scientific approach adopted is more global than just a simple excavation. It includes a geomorphological component (monitoring erosion, changes in sea levels) and an archaeological component (inventory of the heritage, dating of the various occupations, reconstruction of occupation networks). The project began in 2018 with a systematic survey of archaeological anomalies using LIDAR data, which led to the identification of 43 areas with high potential for habitat remains. Analyses of the shoreline morphologies of Anse à Henry reveal that different sectors of coastline have been affected either by marine erosion processes (wave action) or by subaerial processes such as runoff, colluviation, etc. The 2019, 2021 excavations uncovered extremely well-preserved Groswater occupations in the low-lying area of the site and demonstrated the extent of the site area; a substantial addition to what was excavated in the early 2000s. The Middle Dorset and First Nations occupations (Recent Tradition) have also left abundant remains, but more scattered over the 3.6-hectare site. Surveys throughout the archipelago led to the discovery of five quarries, including the Bois Brûlé quarry in St Pierre exploited for its rhyolite deposits. Results of the geochemical analyses conducted on the Bois Brulé samples link some of these quarries to objects collected at Anse à Henry.Territoire français d’outre-mer, l’archipel de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon comprend trois îles principales, situées à une vingtaine de kilomètres au sud de l’île de Terre-Neuve (Canada). Dans le cadre d’un projet de classement de patrimoine maritime par l’Unesco, une équipe franco-canadienne a entamé la fouille du site côtier de l’Anse-à-Henry, occupé de la période Archaïque maritime à la période historique. La démarche scientifique empruntée est plus globale qu’une simple fouille, avec l’intégration de multiples échelles d’analyse. Elle comprend un volet géomorphologique (suivi de l’érosion, changement des niveaux marins) et un volet archéologique (inventaire du patrimoine, datation des différentes occupations, restitution des réseaux d’occupation). Le programme a débutéen 2018 par le relevé systématique des anomalies archéologiques à l’aide de données LiDAR, ce qui a mené à l’identification de 43 zones à fort potentiel de vestiges d’habitat. L’analyse des morphologies rencontrées à l’Anse-à-Henry, le long du rivage, a permis de distinguer différentes portions de côte affectées soit par les processus d’érosion marine (action des vagues) soit par les processus subaériens (ruissellement, colluvionnement, etc.). Les nouvelles fouilles ont permis de détecter des occupations Groswater très bien préservées dans la zone basse du site, tout en montrant l’ampleur des remaniements post-dépositionnels dans la zone principale, fouillée dans les années 2000. Les occupations du Dorset moyen et des Premières Nations (période qualifiée aussi de « Tradition récente ») ont également laissé des vestiges abondants, mais davantage dispersés sur les 3,6 ha du site. Les prospections pédestres menées dans tout l’archipel ont conduit à la découverte de cinq carrières, dont celle de Bois brûlé, à Saint-Pierre, destinée à l’exploitation de la rhyolite. Des analyses géochimiques ont été menées sur ces roches ; elles permettent d’ores et déjà de lier certaines des carrières à des objets lithiques recueillis à l’Anse-à-Henry
Géoarchéologie et préhistoire de l’archipel de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon : problèmes théoriques, méthodes et résultats préliminaires
No full textInternational audienceThe French overseas territory of St Pierre and Miquelon comprises three main islands and is located approximately 20 km south of the island of Newfoundland (Canada). As part of a UNESCO project to classify maritime heritage, a Franco-Canadian team has begun excavating the coastal site of Anse à Henry, which was occupied from the Maritime Archaic time to the historical period. Integrating multiple scales of analysis, the scientific approach adopted is more global than just a simple excavation. It includes a geomorphological component (monitoring erosion, changes in sea levels) and an archaeological component (inventory of the heritage, dating of the various occupations, reconstruction of occupation networks). The project began in 2018 with a systematic survey of archaeological anomalies using LIDAR data, which led to the identification of 43 areas with high potential for habitat remains. Analyses of the shoreline morphologies of Anse à Henry reveal that different sectors of coastline have been affected either by marine erosion processes (wave action) or by subaerial processes such as runoff, colluviation, etc. The 2019, 2021 excavations uncovered extremely well-preserved Groswater occupations in the low-lying area of the site and demonstrated the extent of the site area; a substantial addition to what was excavated in the early 2000s. The Middle Dorset and First Nations occupations (Recent Tradition) have also left abundant remains, but more scattered over the 3.6-hectare site. Surveys throughout the archipelago led to the discovery of five quarries, including the Bois Brûlé quarry in St Pierre exploited for its rhyolite deposits. Results of the geochemical analyses conducted on the Bois Brulé samples link some of these quarries to objects collected at Anse à Henry.Territoire français d’outre-mer, l’archipel de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon comprend trois îles principales, situées à une vingtaine de kilomètres au sud de l’île de Terre-Neuve (Canada). Dans le cadre d’un projet de classement de patrimoine maritime par l’Unesco, une équipe franco-canadienne a entamé la fouille du site côtier de l’Anse-à-Henry, occupé de la période Archaïque maritime à la période historique. La démarche scientifique empruntée est plus globale qu’une simple fouille, avec l’intégration de multiples échelles d’analyse. Elle comprend un volet géomorphologique (suivi de l’érosion, changement des niveaux marins) et un volet archéologique (inventaire du patrimoine, datation des différentes occupations, restitution des réseaux d’occupation). Le programme a débutéen 2018 par le relevé systématique des anomalies archéologiques à l’aide de données LiDAR, ce qui a mené à l’identification de 43 zones à fort potentiel de vestiges d’habitat. L’analyse des morphologies rencontrées à l’Anse-à-Henry, le long du rivage, a permis de distinguer différentes portions de côte affectées soit par les processus d’érosion marine (action des vagues) soit par les processus subaériens (ruissellement, colluvionnement, etc.). Les nouvelles fouilles ont permis de détecter des occupations Groswater très bien préservées dans la zone basse du site, tout en montrant l’ampleur des remaniements post-dépositionnels dans la zone principale, fouillée dans les années 2000. Les occupations du Dorset moyen et des Premières Nations (période qualifiée aussi de « Tradition récente ») ont également laissé des vestiges abondants, mais davantage dispersés sur les 3,6 ha du site. Les prospections pédestres menées dans tout l’archipel ont conduit à la découverte de cinq carrières, dont celle de Bois brûlé, à Saint-Pierre, destinée à l’exploitation de la rhyolite. Des analyses géochimiques ont été menées sur ces roches ; elles permettent d’ores et déjà de lier certaines des carrières à des objets lithiques recueillis à l’Anse-à-Henry
Shipping noise in whale habitat: Characteristics, sources, budget, and impact on belugas in Saguenay-St. Lawrence Marine Park hub
No full textWOSInternational audienceA continuous car ferry line crossing the Saguenay Fjord mouth and traffic from the local whale-watching fleet introduce high levels of shipping noise in the heart of the Saguenay-St. Lawrence Marine Park. To characterize this noise and examine its potential impact on belugas, a 4-hydrophone array was deployed in the area and continuously recorded for five weeks in May-June 2009. The source levels of the different vessel types showed little dependence on vessel size or speed increase. Their spectral range covered 33 dB. Lowest noise levels occurred at night, when ferry crossing pace was reduced, and daytime noise peaked during whale-watching tour departures and arrivals. Natural ambient noise prevailed 9.4% of the time. Ferry traffic added 30-35 dB to ambient levels above 1 kHz during crossings, which contributed 8 to 14 dB to hourly averages. The whale-watching fleet added up to 5.6 dB during peak hours. Assuming no behavioral or auditory compensation, half of the time, beluga potential communication range was reduced to less than 30% of its expected value under natural noise conditions, and to less than 15% for one quarter of the time, with little dependence on call frequency. The echolocation band for this population of belugas was also affected by the shipping noise
Solution Structure of Neuropeptide Tyrosine 13-36, a Y2 Receptor Agonist, as Determined by NMR
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