1,721,008 research outputs found
X-ray Diffractometry in Forensic Science
No full textX-ray Diffractometry is a very useful analytical technique to achieve detailed information about the crystal structure and mineralogical composition, qualitative and quantitative, of matter. It is a technique that exploits the interaction between solid matter and X-rays that, converged on a substance, are diffracted. The outgoing X-rays, on the basis of the wavelength of the incident beam and according to the path within the analyzed sample provide information on fundamental param- eters of the crystalline state as the distance of the lattice planes and the parameters of the elementary cell. The analytical result is called diffraction pattern containing a series of peaks that show the intensity and angular position of the diffracted X-rays. Typically, a diffraction pattern represents, for individual minerals, a kind of distinct fingerprint and can be used to easily identify the material or distinguish it from others, especially with the use of modern databases. X-Ray Diffractometry can be successfully used in a variety of fields: building materials, geological sam- ples, environmental pollutants and increasingly by forensic sciences as a scientific aid for the analysis of evidence from crime scenes
Review of: Mineralogical Analysis Applied to Forensics
No full textReview of: Mineralogical Analysis Applied to Forensics: A Guidance on Mineralogical Techniques and Their Application to the Forensic Field, edited by Mariano Mercurio, Alessio Langella, Rosa Maria Di Maggio, and Piergiulio Cappelletti
REFERENCE: Mariano Mercurio, Alessio Langella, Rosa Maria Di Maggio, and Piergiulio Cappelletti. Mineralogical Analysis Applied to Forensics: A Guidance on Mineralogical Techniques and Their Application to the Forensic Field. Springer Nature, 2022; 311 pp
Microscopia Elettronica a Scansione: La microscopia elettronica a scansione, la microanalisi e cenni ai sistemi SEM automatizzati per le scienze forensi
No full textIsotopic Analysis Techniques Applied to Forensics: New Frontiers of Isotope Geochemistry
No full textThe isotope composition of chemical elements is an invaluable investigation tool widely used in Earth Sciences. Rocks, waters and gases acquire specific radiogenic (e.g., 87Sr/86Sr) and stable (e.g., δ18O) isotope ratios due to geological
processes such as magmas’ genesis and evolution, past climatic changes, mixing among distinct reservoirs. The power of these tracers bears in the particular isotope signature any geological material acquires due to both its history and specific processes undergone. Isotope approaches have recently been applied to track air, soil and water pollutants, to identify the provenance of archaeological artifacts, and to reconstruct diet and migration paths of past animals and humans. In this framework, isotope tracers can be efficiently coupled to more traditional investigation techniques to solve forensic issues, including linking a suspect to a crime scene, identifying crime victims and the guilty of an environmental crime, tracking the provenance of drugs, identifying explosives. In this chapter, laboratory techniques for the preparation of variable materials aimed at their isotope analysis are illustrated. Examples of application of isotope analysis techniques are described for a variety of forensic problems
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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