1,721,180 research outputs found
Ethnic density effects on birth outcomes and maternal smoking during pregnancy in the US linked birth and infant death data set
No full textObjectives. We investigated whether mothers from ethnic minority groups have better pregnancy outcomes when they live in counties with higher densities of people from the same ethnic group—despite such areas tending to be more socioeconomically deprived.Methods. In a population-based US study, we used multilevel logistic regression analysis to test whether same-ethnic density was associated with maternal smoking in pregnancy, low birthweight, preterm delivery, and infant mortality among 581 151 Black and 763 201 Hispanic mothers and their infants, with adjustment for maternal and area-level characteristics.Results. Higher levels of same-ethnic density were associated with reduced odds of infant mortality among Hispanic mothers, and reduced odds of smoking during pregnancy for US-born Hispanic and Black mothers. For Black mothers, moderate levels of same-ethnic density were associated with increased risk of low birthweight and preterm delivery; high levels of same ethnic density had no additional effect.Conclusions. Our results suggest that for Hispanic mothers, in contrast to Black mothers, the advantages of shared culture, social networks, and social capital protect maternal and infant health
The association between ethnic density and poor self-rated health among US Black and Hispanic people
No full textObjective. US studies have found that members of ethnic minority groups may have better mental health when they live in areas with a higher concentration of people of the same ethnicity. We investigate if the same effect is found for self-rated health in a population based sample of US Black and Hispanic people.Design. We used multilevel logistic regression to test whether or not same-ethnic density, measured at the level of the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), using the US census 2000, was associated with self-rated health amongst 3117 Black men, 4288 Black women, 6253 Hispanic men and 6534 Hispanic women from the US Current Population Survey, Annual Demographic File, 2000, after adjustment.Results. When ethnic density was modelled as a categorical variable, but not as a linear variable, there was a significant association between ethnic density and poor self-rated health for Black men and women. Relative to those living at same-ethnic densities of 0-4.9%, living at densities of greater than 5% was associated with increased risk of poor self-rated health, with the greatest incremental difference being for relatively small increases in ethnic density from 0-4.9% to 5-9.9% (odds ratio [OR] 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-2.94), with subsequent increases in ethnic density having limited impact. The OR for densities of 10-14.9% was 2.03, 95% CI 1.23-3.34; for densities of 15-24.9% the OR was 2.19, 95% CI 1.33-3.62 and for densities of 25-50% the OR was 2.21, 95% CI 1.28-3.81.For Hispanics there was a significant interaction between gender and same-ethnic density. For women, higher levels of same-ethnic density were associated with a reduced risk of poor self-rated health. Conversely, for men greater ethnic density was linked to an increased risk.Conclusions. Associations between ethnic density and self-rated health are inconsistent and differ by ethnicity and gender
Ethnic density effects on maternal and infant health in the Millennium Cohort Study
No full textStudies have suggested that members of ethnic minority groups might be healthier when they live in areas with a high concentration of people from their own ethnic group – in spite of higher levels of material deprivation typically found within such areas. We investigated the effects of area-level same-ethnic density on maternal and infant health, independent of area deprivation and individual socioeconomic status, in five ethnic minority groups. The study was a cross-sectional analysis within the UK Millennium Cohort Study and included mothers in five ethnic minority groups (Black African n = 367, Bangladeshi n = 369, Black Caribbean n = 252, Indian n = 462 and Pakistani n = 868) and their 9-month-old infants. Outcome measures included: low birth weight, preterm delivery, maternal depression, self-rated health and limiting long-standing illness. Compared to those who live in areas with less than 5% of people from the same-ethnic minority population, Indian and Pakistani mothers were significantly less likely to report ever being depressed in areas with high same-ethnic density. There was a protective effect of ethnic density for limiting long-term illness among Bangladeshi mothers at 5–30% density and Pakistani mothers at all higher densities. Ethnic density was unrelated to infant outcomes and maternal self-rated health, and unrelated to any outcomes in Black African and Black Caribbean mothers and infants, possibly because no families in these groups lived at higher levels of same-ethnic density. Results were similar whether we examined smaller or larger residential areas. We conclude that, among ethnic minority mothers and infants in England, the relationship of ethnic density to health varies by ethnicity and outcome. For some measures of maternal health, in some ethnic groups, the psychosocial advantages of shared culture, social networks and social capital may override the adverse effects of material deprivation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Reseña
No full textObra ressenyada: WILKINSON, Richard; PICKETT, Kate. Igualdad. Cómo las sociedad más igualitarias mejoran el bienestar colectivo, Madrid: Capitán Swing, 201
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