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Crimes of Emperor Phocas
This article is devoted to accusations towards emperor Phocas which can be found in
Byzantine sources and in professional literature. For the Byzantines Phocas became an
archetype of a ruler-tyrant. Phocas was accused of exceptional cruelty. Evidence of it was
murder of emperor Maurice and his family, extermination of senatorial class or bloody
repressions towards circus factions. Contemporary scholars accused Phocas of total incompetence
which was a cause of anarchy and Byzantium’s political and economic collapse.
Author of the article thinks that such an opinion about Phocas’reign in the light of latest
researches is incorrect. Phocas’ cruelty was caused by political reasons most often, and did
not occur as anything exceptional in the history of Byzantium. Opinions, about repressions
towards senatorial circles and members of circus factions in the light of discerning analise of
sources, seem to be exaggerated. Weakness of Byzantine external position was not connected
with incompetence of Phocas but with lasting from 608 sanguinary domestic war against
Heraelius rather. The legend of evil, blood thirsty Phocas, is the consequence of state of the
sources. Sources which were closest to reign of Phocas were written during Heraelius reign.
We must remember, that Heraelius was a usurper. Historians who wrote in his time wanted
to excuse Heraelius and that is why they slandered Phocas.Zadanie pt. Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki nr 885/P-DUN/2014 zostało dofinansowane ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę
Phocas
Brugnoli, G. (1984), Foca: vita di Virgilio, Pisa. Brugnoli, G. (1985), art. "Foca", in Enciclopedia Virgiliana, II, p. 545-546. Casaceli, F. (1973), "In margine a Lucano Phars. VI 460", Studi e Ricerche dell'Istituto di Latino. Genova , 3, p. 348-350. Jeudy, C. (1973-74), "L'ars de nomine et uerbo de Phocas", Annuaires de l'Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, p. 849-856. Jeudy, C. (1974), "L'ars de nomine et uerbo de Phocas. Manuscrits et commentaires médiévaux", Viator, 5, p. 61-1..
[Phocas] de aspiratione
Jeudy, C. (1976), "La tradition manuscrite du De aspiratione attribué au grammairien Phocas", Hommages à A. Boutemy, ed. G. Cambier, Bruxelles, p. 197-215. Lindemann, F., ed. (1831), Corpus Grammaticorum Latinorum Veterum, I. Donatum, Probum, Eutychium, Arusianum Messium, Maximum Victorinum, Asperum, Phocam cont., Leipzig, viii & 392 p. Putschen, H. van, ed. (1605), Grammaticae latinae auctores antiqui. Charisius, Diomedes, Priscianus, Probus, Magno, Paulus Diaconus, Phocas, Asper, Donatus..
Phocas, de nomine et uerbo
Casaceli, F., ed. (1974), Phocas. Ars de nomine et uerbo, Napoli, 144 p. Lindemann, F. (1831), Corpus Grammaticorum Latinorum Veterum, I. Donatum, Probum, Eutychium, Arusianum Messium, Maximum Victorinum, Asperum, Phocam cont., Leipzig, viii & 392 p. Putschen, H. van, ed. (1605), Grammaticae latinae auctores antiqui. Charisius, Diomedes, Priscianus, Probus, Magno, Paulus Diaconus, Phocas, Asper, Donatus, Servius, Sergius, Cledonius, Victorinus, Augustinus, Consentius, Alcuinus, Eutyches, F..
L'empereur byzantin Nicéphore Phocas
Schlumberger Gustave. L'empereur byzantin Nicéphore Phocas. In: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 32ᵉ année, N. 2, 1888. pp. 97-98
Monsieur de Phocas (Jean Lorrain)
Ritratto del personaggio Monsieur de Phocas, protagonista del romanzo omonimo di Jean Lorrain
Au sujet d'un travail inédit de García Lorca: la version lorquienne de La Dama Boba de Lope de Vega
Phocas-Sabbah Jacqueline. Au sujet d'un travail inédit de García Lorca: la version lorquienne de La Dama Boba de Lope de Vega. In: Mélanges de la Casa de Velázquez, tome 29-3, 1993. Epoque contemporaine. pp. 63-95
Phocas coin, 602-610 AD
PhocasLarge cross between FO-CA, X belowDecanummiumS687AEVFMeydyenThe Bill F. Kelso Collection of Ancient Coins contains coins from around the world. These ancient coins are from the following places and eras: Greece, Carthage, the Roman Republic and Empire, St. Constantine era, Byzantine, Arabic, China, and the Vandals. Also included are reference materials and photographs
Monsieur de Phocas ou les visages de Méduse
International audienceFrom June 1899 to August 1900, the French periodical Le journal published Monsieur de Phocas, by Jean Lorrain. This eponymous serial with a dandy for antihero and no plot can remind us of À rebours by J.-K. Huysmans (1884). As des Esseintes — Huymans’ hero — is driven by his desire for what is rare, Monsieur de Phocas is actually possessed by his wanting of impossible. He fell for a glow that “no human eye has” (first chapter), as if it was Medusa’s gaze that he recognized on several faces. But these Gorgone-like masks in which he dives remind him that she is a lethal ideal to whomever wishes to get closer and that true knowledge is relinquishment.De juin 1899 à août 1900, le périodique français Le journal publie Monsieur de Phocas de Jean Lorrain, un roman feuilleton éponyme qui, par son antihéros dandy et son absence d’intrigue, n’est pas sans rappeler À rebours de J.-K. Huysmans (1884). Si des Esseintes, le héros de Huysmans, est animé par la recherche du rare, Monsieur de Phocas, lui, est possédé par la recherche de l’impossible. Il est en effet épris d’une lueur qu’« aucun œil humain ne possède » (premier chapitre), un regard de Méduse qu’il croit déceler dans plusieurs visages. Mais ces masques de la Gorgone dans lesquels il s’engouffre lui rappellent qu’elle est un idéal mortel à celui qui souhaite s’en approcher, et que la véritable connaissance est le renoncement
Shadow Optimisation of Low-impact Temporary Architecture to Improve Climatic Comfort in Urban Spaces
Urban spaces face threats from climate change, including phenomena like urban heat islands, impacting cities across different latitudes. This research aims to develop a performative architecture enhancing outdoor seating comfort in summer while minimizing ecological impact. We used an algorithmic approach in design and comfort analysis, following circular economy and carbon sequestration principles. A case study in Parma, Italy, is the subject of experimentation. The project targets creating surfaces to maximize shade for seating areas, using Rhino / Grasshopper / LadyBug Tools software and a solar parameter morphogenesis approach. Materials like local bamboo and recycled wood are chosen for performance and sustainability. The design is tailored to Parma's latitudes and takes advantage of climate simulations. UTCI index tests climatic comfort, comparing results between the emerged project and a flat roof. Construction experiments in bamboo and wood were part of the design and analysis process
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