1,497 research outputs found
Dietary protein restriction of pregnant rats induces and folic acid supplementation prevents epigenetic modification of hepatic gene expression in the offspring
No full textEnvironmental constraints during early life result in phenotypic changes that can be associated with increased disease risk in later life. This suggests persistent alteration of gene transcription. DNA methylation, which is largely established in utero, provides a causal mechanism by which unbalanced prenatal nutrition results in such altered gene expression. We investigated the effect of unbalanced maternal nutrition on the methylation status and expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) genes in rat offspring after weaning. Dams were fed a control protein (C; 180 g/kg protein plus 1 mg/kg folic acid), restricted protein (R; 90 g/kg casein plus 1 mg/kg folic acid), or restricted protein plus 5 mg/kg folic acid (RF) diet throughout pregnancy. Pups were killed 6 d after weaning (n = 10 per group). Gene methylation was determined by methylation-sensitive PCR and mRNA expression by semiquantitative RT-PCR. PPAR gene methylation was 20.6% lower (P < 0.001) and expression 10.5-fold higher in R compared with C pups. GR gene methylation was 22.8% lower (P < 0.05) and expression 200% higher (P < 0.01) in R pups than in C pups. The RF diet prevented these changes. PPAR methylation status and expression did not differ among the groups. Acyl-CoA oxidase expression followed that of PPAR. These results show that unbalanced prenatal nutrition induces persistent, gene-specific epigenetic changes that alter mRNA expression. Epigenetic regulation of gene transcription provides a strong candidate mechanism for fetal programming
August 28, 1904 Page four Point Wilson light station improvements Hurley and company of St. Paul the winners School fund apportioned by Supt. Phillips
No full textPeterson, C.E.; Phillips, John D.; Kuhn, Joseph A.; Tornstrom, Alma T.; Tornstrom, William; Fried, Alma T.; Rickman, Charles E.; Ackerson, Emma C.; Plummer, Frank;bark Palmyra; steamer Mary D. Hume
Fashion in Jeopardy
No full textGlamorous, ostentatious, extravagant, alluring, flamboyant, frivolous! (SLIDE 4) The opulence of high fashion is often referred to with these very evocative words. Aspiring to such dizzying heights in the daily construction of appearance is the ultimate dream of the fashion consumer. This conflicts with the every day functionality of dress and the changes in society that fashion often needs to accommodate. The individual consumer of fashion will put together a look that conveys a visual message that can reflect these changes. These could be induced by war, depression, economic recession and political turmoil. The changes can also put the system of fashion and its consumption in great jeopardy. This research investigates and compares how fashion reacted to the deprivations of the Second World War, with similar deprivation, in the economic recession, beginning in 2008. This resulted in many parallel initiatives that have either been revived or have evolved. Whilst the research recognises that the deprivation suffered during war is far more destructive materially, physically and emotionally it emphasises the similarity of parallel initiatives in relation to fashionable clothing that impacted in the dual times of economic shortage. The initiatives discussed often-threatened recognised systems of fashion, design and consumption. It was driven underground only to re-emerge in different interpretations. In relation to this the research also details how final year fashion design students were set a live two day brief, that asked them consider the concept of ‘Fashion in Jeopardy’. This exercise introduced students in a practical way to how fashion can mirror conflict in society and how a sense of individual style and fashion can be maintained in a crisis
EMMA 2-A MAGE-compliant system for the collaborative analysis and integration of microarray data
No full textDondrup M, Albaum S, Griebel T, et al. EMMA 2-A MAGE-compliant system for the collaborative analysis and integration of microarray data. BMC Bioinformatics. 2009;10(1): 50.Background: Understanding transcriptional regulation by genome-wide microarray studies can contribute to unravel complex relationships between genes. Attempts to standardize the annotation of microarray data include the Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment (MIAME) recommendations, the MAGE-ML format for data interchange, and the use of controlled vocabularies or ontologies. The existing software systems for microarray data analysis implement the mentioned standards only partially and are often hard to use and extend. Integration of genomic annotation data and other sources of external knowledge using open standards is therefore a key requirement for future integrated analysis systems. Results: The EMMA 2 software has been designed to resolve shortcomings with respect to full MAGE-ML and ontology support and makes use of modern data integration techniques. We present a software system that features comprehensive data analysis functions for spotted arrays, and for the most common synthesized oligo arrays such as Agilent, Affymetrix and NimbleGen. The system is based on the full MAGE object model. Analysis functionality is based on R and Bioconductor packages and can make use of a compute cluster for distributed services. Conclusion: Our model-driven approach for automatically implementing a full MAGE object model provides high flexibility and compatibility. Data integration via SOAP-based web-services is advantageous in a distributed client-server environment as the collaborative analysis of microarray data is gaining more and more relevance in international research consortia. The adequacy of the EMMA 2 software design and implementation has been proven by its application in many distributed functional genomics projects. Its scalability makes the current architecture suited for extensions towards future transcriptomics methods based on high-throughput sequencing approaches which have much higher computational requirements than microarrays
The expression of the developmentally regulated proto-oncogene Pax-3 is modulated by N-Myc
No full textN-Myc is a member of the Myc family of transcription factors that have been shown to play a pivotal role in cell proliferation and differentiation. In this report, we have investigated the relationship between N-Myc and the developmental control gene Pax-3. Using transient transfection assays, we show that the Pax-3 promoter is activated by both N-Myc-Max and c-Myc-Max. Moreover, we show that Myc regulation of Pax-3 promoter activity is dependent upon a noncanonical E box site in the 5' promoter region of Pax-3. In addition, we show that ectopic expression of both N-Myc and c-Myc leads to increased expression of Pax-3 mRNA. Furthermore, we show that Pax-3 mRNA expression is cell cycle-regulated and that the 5' promoter region of Pax-3 (bp - 1578 to +56) can direct cell cycle-dependent gene expression with kinetics similar to that of the endogenous transcript. Site-directed mutagenesis of the E box site within the Pax-3 promoter significantly altered the pattern of expression through the cell cycle. These results suggest that the Myc family of transcription factors may modulate Pax-3 expression in vivo
Folic acid supplementation during the juvenile-pubertal period in rats modifies the phenotype and epigenotype induced by prenatal nutrition
No full textPrenatal nutritional constraint is associated with increased risk of metabolic dysregulation in adulthood contingent on adult diet. In rats, folic acid supplementation of a protein-restricted (PR) diet during pregnancy prevents altered phenotype and epigenotype in the offspring induced by the PR diet. We hypothesized that increasing folic acid intake during the juvenile-pubertal (JP) period would reverse the effects of a maternal PR diet on the offspring. Rats were fed a control (C) or PR diet during pregnancy and AIN93G during lactation. Offspring were weaned on d 28 onto diets containing 1 mg [adequate folate (AF)] or 5 mg [folic acid-supplemented (FS)] folic acid/kg feed. After 28 d, all offspring were fed a high-fat (18% wt:wt) diet and killed on d 84. As expected, offspring of PR dams fed the AF diet had increased fasting plasma triglyceride (TAG) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (betaHB) concentrations. The FS diet induced increased weight gain, a lower plasma betaHB concentration, and increased hepatic and plasma TAG concentration compared with AF offspring irrespective of maternal diet. PPARalpha and glucocorticoid receptor promoter methylation increased in liver and insulin receptor promoter methylation decreased in liver and adipose tissue in FS compared with AF offspring, with reciprocal changes in mRNA expression irrespective of maternal diet. These findings show that increased folic acid intake during the JP period did not simply reverse the phenotype induced by the maternal diet. This may represent a period of plasticity when specific nutrient intakes may alter the phenotype of the offspring through epigenetic changes in specific genes
Electronic structure analyses and activation studies of a dinitrogen-derived terminal nitride of molybdenum
No full textThesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2004.Vita.Includes bibliographical references.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Chapter 1: Complexes obtained by electrophilic attack on a dinitrogen-derived terminal molybdenum nitride: Electronic structure analysis by solid state CP/MAS ¹⁵N NMR in combination ... Chapter 2. Carbene chemistry in the activation of a dinitrogen-derived terminal nitride of molybdenum ... Chapter 3. Nitrogen atom transfer from dinitrogen into an organic nitrile via the anionic ketimide complex (THF)²Mg[O(Ph)C¹⁵NMo(N[tBu]Ar)₃]₂ ...by Emma Louise Sceats.S.M
El Tlacuache Núm. 305 (2008). 305 Año 9 (2008) marzo. El Tlacuache
No full textOfrenda del centro ceremonial de Tepoztlán por Ana Emma Peña Rodríguez y Giselle Canto Aguilar. - El estudio de la tecnología prehispánica a través de la arqueología experimental por Emiliano Ricardo Melgar Tísoc. - Patrimoio Cultural en Imágenes
El Tlacuache Núm. 280 (2007). 280 Año 7 (2007) octubre. El Tlacuache
No full textUn septiembre de hace ciento diez años, 1897 por Elvira Pruneda. - El último día del templo del Tepozteco por Giselle Canto Aguilar, Ana Emma Peña Rodríguez
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