1,720,981 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Modeling the metabolic response to oxidative stress : the role of regulations
No full textLes cellules vivantes, telles que les cellules de mammifères en particulier, sont continuellement exposées à des types de stress multiples et variés. Ces stress peuvent perturber l'homéostasie cellulaire et induire des dégâts sur les composants cellulaires qui pourraient induire plusieurs types de maladies. C'est notamment le cas d'un changement d'état redox cellulaire appelé stress oxydatif induit par production excessive ou une consommation insuffisante d'espèces réactives de l'oxygène. L'une des espèces réactives de l'oxygène les plus importantes est le peroxyde d'hydrogène (H2O2).Les cellules ont développé des mécanismes de défense efficaces contre le stress oxydatif qui impliquent des systèmes anti-oxydants tels que les glutathions qui réduisent les molécules oxydantes, mais aussi des voies métaboliques telles que la voie des Pentoses Phosphates (PPP) et la glycolyse. Ces voies métaboliques sont connues pour rediriger les ressources de flux de carbone de la glycolyse vers le PPP, ce qui induit un recyclage élevé du NADPH nécessaire à un taux de détoxification efficace des systèmes anti-oxydants. Il n'est cependant pas clair comment les mécanismes de régulation (i) contribuent à une telle réallocation des ressources de flux métaboliques pendant le stress oxydatif et (ii) donnent lieu aux profils d'adaptation observés des concentrations intracellulaires de H2O2.Dans la thèse, le rôle des régulations dans la réponse métabolique au stress oxydatif est abordé à l'aide d'un cadre de modélisation cinétique. Tout d'abord, un modèle est construit à partir d'un ensemble de données métabolomiques et de marquage 13C,en utilisant des méthodes classiques d'estimation de paramètre mais aussi une nouvelle technique d'analyse des flux métaboliques basée sur un algorithme de simulation stochastique. L'analyse systématique du modèle révèle que de nombreuses inhibitions métaboliques, notamment sur G6PD, PGI et GAPD, peuvent favoriser le reroutage des flux pour la production de NADPH. En particulier, nous montrons que toutes ces régulations fonctionnent de manière dose-dépendante et complémentaire, ce qui explique certains paradoxes et controverses, et est cohérent avec les phénotypes d'adaptation observés. Un modèle plus phénoménologique a également été développé pour montrer comment un tel phénotype d'adaptation pourrait contribuer à l'hétérogénéité du destin cellulaire, comme la mort fractionnée, en tant que résultat à long terme du stress oxydatif.Living cells such as mammalian cells in particular, are continuously exposed to multiple and varied types of stress. These stresses can perturb the cellular homeostasis and induce damages on the cellular components which could induce several types of diseases. It is particularly the case for a change of cellular redox state called oxidative stress induced by an excessive production or insufficient consumption of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).Cells have developed efficient defence mechanisms against oxidative stress that involve anti-oxidant systems such as glutathiones which reduce the oxidizing molecules, but also metabolic pathways such as Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) and glycolysis. These metabolic pathways are known to reroute the carbon flux resources from the glycolysis toward the PPP which induces high NADPH recycling that is required for efficient detoxification rate of the anti-oxidant systems. It remains however unclear how regulatory mechanisms (i) contribute to such reallocation of metabolic flux resources during oxidative stress and (ii) give rise to observed adaptation profiles of intracellular H2O2 concentrations. In the thesis, the role of regulations in the metabolic response to oxidative stress is addressed using a comprehensive kinetic modeling framework. First, a model is built from a set of metabolomics and 13C labeling data, using conventional parameter estimation methods but also a novel metabolic flux analysis techniques based on a stochastic simulation algorithm. Systematic analysis of the model reveals that many metabolic inhibitions, especially on G6PD, PGI and GAPD, can favour flux rerouting for NADPH production. In particular, we show that all these regulations work in a dose-dependent and complementary manner, which explains some paradoxes and controversies, and is consistent with observed adaptation phenotypes. A more phenomenological model has also been developed to show how such adaptation phenotype could contribute to cell-fate heterogeneity, such as fractional killing, as a long-term outcome of oxidative stress
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Dynamical principles of cell-cycle arrest: reversible, irreversible, and mixed strategies.
No full textInternational audienceLiving cells often alternate between proliferating and nonproliferating states as part of individual or collective strategies to adapt to complex and changing environments. To this aim, they have evolved a biochemical regulatory network enabling them to switch between cell-division cycles (i.e., oscillatory state) and cell-cycle arrests (i.e., steady state) in response to extracellular cues. This can be achieved by means of a variety of bifurcation mechanisms that potentially give rise to qualitatively distinct cell-cycle arrest properties. In this paper, we study the dynamics of a minimal biochemical network model in which a cell-division oscillator and a differentiation switch mutually antagonize. We identify the existence of three biologically plausible bifurcation scenarios organized around a codimension-four swallowtail-homoclinic singularity. As a result, the model exhibits a broad repertoire of cell-cycle arrest properties in terms of reversibility of these arrests, tunability of interdivision time, and ability to track time-varying signals. This dynamic versatility would explain the diversity of cell-cycle arrest strategies developed in different living species and functional contexts
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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