1,721,033 research outputs found
Uterus transplants and their ethical implications
No full textEarly experiments in womb transplants have increased interest in the possibility of performing this procedure in women who have no womb, usually for congenital reasons. The present article describes past experiments and summarises the most relevant reference documents before indicating the key ethical implications involved in womb transplant
Ethics committees and research in Italy: Seeking new regulatory frameworks (with a look at the past)
No full textThe legislation of Italy and the European Union requires a shift in terms of the organisation and national regulation of ethics committees and clinical trials. More generally, this affects the entire sphere of biomedical research. The first part of this contribution provides a brief review of the history of ethics committees in Italy. We then discuss the current situation and formulate proposals. There is a vital need for rules that promote efficiency of ethics committees, to guarantee that Italy's position remains competitive and attractive within the European Union
A few ethical issues in translational research for medicinal products discovery and development
No full textThe results obtained with basic research showing significant therapeutic promise are often not translated into clinical applications. The purpose of translational research is to favour the transition of basic research to application at the patient's bedside, and from here to routine clinical practice (without excluding the opposite pathway, in which the evidence generated by clinical practice helps to guide research). Although translational research can provide patients with valuable therapeutic resources, it is not risk-free. The most significant ethical issues in translational research on medicinal products derive from the risk of the intention to shorten the timeframes for the application of the results of the research making the scientific methods adopted and the regulatory requisites to be satisfied along the long path from the bench to the patient's bedside less rigorous. This is also relevant during pandemics when shortening the timeline from basic research to bedside is even more crucial. It is therefore necessary to establish defined and agreed requisites in order to guarantee the ethicality of translational research, by promoting the good of individuals and minimising the risks
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Ethical and legal considerations regarding the ownership and commercial use of human biological materials and their derivatives [Corrigendum]
No full textPetrini C. J Blood Med. 2012;3:87–96.Page 89, Ownership of the body and its parts section, fourth paragraph, the wrong reference number has been cited in the fifth sentence, the correct reference number is 34 and the updated text should read “The Court ruled that the body should be returned to Doodeward because it had undergone “the lawful exercise of work or skill so […] that it has acquired some attributes differentiating it from a mere corpse awaiting burial.”34”Page 92, The need for guidelines section, second paragraph, the wrong reference number has been cited in the second sentence, the correct reference number is 22 and the updated text should read “The guidelines provide useful indications for the management of discarded units but do not address the matter of their possible use to develop blood-derived products or their possible commercialization (see, for example, paragraph “D9 disposal” of the NetCord guidelines22 on the subject of discarded cord blood units)”.Page 92, Proposed criteria for the case in point section, the wrong reference number has been cited in the first sentence, the correct reference number is 60 and the updated text should read “With reference to yet another authoritative document, it may be helpful to examine paragraph 2.08 (“Commercial use of human tissue”) of the Code of Medical Ethics published by the American Medical Association (Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs) already referred to,60 which states:”.Read the original articl
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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