51,505 research outputs found
Skärpta regler för energianvändning i byggnader leder till lägre kostnader [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textFör att ha en rimlig chans att nå de nationella mål som riksdagen fastställt måste de nationella kraven skärpas betydligt. Det kommer att minska kommunernas incitament att ställa egna specifika krav, skriver Per-Erik Petersson, Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP.</p
Skärpta regler för energianvändning i byggnader leder till lägre kostnader
No full textFör att ha en rimlig chans att nå de nationella mål som riksdagen fastställt måste de nationella kraven skärpas betydligt. Det kommer att minska kommunernas incitament att ställa egna specifika krav, skriver Per-Erik Petersson, Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP
Dåligt utbildade byggare en orsak till vinterns takras [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textStatens eget forskningsinstitut slår larm: Skrämmande att byggnader rasar samman i ett så tekniskt utvecklat land som Sverige. Närmare 150 tak runt om i Sverige har kollapsat under snömassorna i vinter. Rasen har inte orsakats av att snölasterna överskridit byggnormerna. Den grundläggande orsaken till de här händelserna är i stället den alltmer eftersatta kompetensutvecklingen i byggsektorn. Otroligt nog har bara två människor omkommit. Siffran kunde lika gärna ha skrivits i hundratal. Nu behövs ett kompetenslyft i branschen och en förstärkt forskning. Politikerna och regeringen har ett stort ansvar. Om inget sker kommer vi att få många fler och allvarligare misslyckanden i framtiden, skriver Per-Erik Petersson på SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut.</p
Dåligt utbildade byggare en orsak till vinterns takras
No full textStatens eget forskningsinstitut slår larm: Skrämmande att byggnader rasar samman i ett så tekniskt utvecklat land som Sverige. Närmare 150 tak runt om i Sverige har kollapsat under snömassorna i vinter. Rasen har inte orsakats av att snölasterna överskridit byggnormerna. Den grundläggande orsaken till de här händelserna är i stället den alltmer eftersatta kompetensutvecklingen i byggsektorn. Otroligt nog har bara två människor omkommit. Siffran kunde lika gärna ha skrivits i hundratal. Nu behövs ett kompetenslyft i branschen och en förstärkt forskning. Politikerna och regeringen har ett stort ansvar. Om inget sker kommer vi att få många fler och allvarligare misslyckanden i framtiden, skriver Per-Erik Petersson på SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut
Spontaneous Movements during Sleep Guide Spinal Self-organization: Formation and Expression of a Memory Trace
No full textDuring development, information about the three-dimensional shape and mechanical properties of the body is laid down in the synaptic connectivity of sensorimotor systems through adaptive mechanisms. In spinal reflex systems, this enables the fast transformation of complex sensory information into adequate correction of movements. In this thesis, it is shown, in a computer simulation, that an unsupervised correlation-based learning mechanism, guided by spontaneous muscle twitches, can account for the functional adaptation of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex system (NWR). This new learning principle was termed Motor-Directed Somatosensory Imprinting (MDSI). MDSI proved to be a highly efficient mechanism, far better than conventional Hebbian feedforward learning, and to be relatively independent on such parameters as learning rate and noise level. By developing and using a new fast optical analysis system for detection and classification of spontaneous movements, it was demonstrated that tactile feedback resulting from spontaneous muscle twitches indeed modifies sensorimotor transformation in young rats in a predictable manner. This learning occurs during “active sleep” which is similar to REM sleep in adults, indicating a novel role for sleep in learning and memory. A new analysis system for rapid imaging of receptive fields, termed RFI, was developed to characterize the differences between strong and weak connections in the NWR in adult rats. Connections of different strengths differed with regard to gain, onset latency and relative variability. These differences represent the preserved end product of MDSI. Neither the inhibitory input to NWR nor differences in glutamate receptors could explain the differences in strengths between strong and weak connections, although it became clear that NMDA receptors are important in setting the overall gain in nociceptive transmission. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates for the first time, that spontaneous twitches during sleep, corresponding to human foetal movements, play a key role in spinal self-organization and tentatively suggests that this learning results in structural changes, such as elimination or pruning of erroneous connections, in the spinal circuits. Since a variety of spontaneous movements are present concomitant with the maturation of motor systems, it is conceivable that spontaneous movements reflect a general mechanism whereby motor systems are functionally adapted during development
Survey Evidence on Wage Rigidity: Sweden in the 1990s
No full textWe present the results from a repeat survey on wage rigidity in a sample of 159 Swedish firms, conducted during a prolonged period of very high unemployment and very low inflation. We document the virtual absence of wage cuts, and trace this pervasive nominal rigidity to a set of interacting factors, including the legal status of the wage contract, the structure of bargaining institutions, and the design of social insurance. But employees’ concerns about fairness and relative wages also appear to play an important role. In addition, we report new results on underbidding, efficiency wage mechanisms, and unemployment persistence.Nominal wage rigidity; Panel data; Recession; Effort models; Unemployment persistence
Enumeration of Border-Strip Decompositions and Weil-Petersson Volumes
No full textWe describe an injection from border-strip decompositions of certain diagrams to permutations. This allows us to provide enumeration results as well as q-analogues of enumeration formulas. Finally, we use this injection to prove a connection between the number of border-strip decompositions of the n x 2n rectangle and the Weil-Petersson volume of the moduli space of an n-punctured Riemann sphere.</p
Enumeration of Border-Strip Decompositions and Weil-Petersson Volumes
No full textWe describe an injection from border-strip decompositions of certain diagrams to permutations. This allows us to provide enumeration results as well as q-analogues of enumeration formulas. Finally, we use this injection to prove a connection between the number of border-strip decompositions of the n x 2n rectangle and the Weil-Petersson volume of the moduli space of an n-punctured Riemann sphere.S
The human IFN-inducible p53 target gene TRIM22 colocalizes with the centrosome independently of cell cycle phase.
No full textTRIM22 (Staf50), a member of the TRIM protein family, is an interferon (IFN)-inducible protein as well as a p53 target gene. The function of TRIM22 is largely unknown, but TRIM22 is suggested to play a role in viral defense by restriction of viral replication. In addition, TRIM22 may function as a ubiquitin E3 ligase. In contrast to previous reports showing solely cytoplasmic localization of exogenous TRIM22, we report here that endogenous TRIM22 is localized to both nucleus and cytosol in primary human mononuclear cells, as well as in the human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS. Moreover, we demonstrate a colocalization of TRIM22 with the centrosomes in primary cells as well as in U2OS cells, and show that this colocalization is independent of cell cycle phase. Additionally, our data suggest the colocalization with centrosomes to be independent on the microtubule network. Given that some viral protein assembly takes place in the close vicinity of the centrosome, our data suggest that important functions of TRIM22 such as regulation of viral replication and protein degradation may take place in the centrosome. However, further studies are warranted to certify this notion
Multiple Equilibria in the Welfare State
No full textExcess distortions in the welfare state might be the consequence of the government's lack of ability to commit not to help "unlucky" agents. Incentive considerations that are crucial in standard insurance in the presence of moral hazard, plays no role in this case. As a consequence, the government might provide too much insurance. Still, equilibria with incomplete insurance and above-minimum effort might arise. Two possible reasons for multiple equilibria are explored in the paper, namely that marginal utility of consumption is positively associated with effort and that economic policy is costly. It is shown that the equilibria can be Pareto rankable. Borrowing analytical tools from recent developments in dynamic games (Matsui and Matsuyama, 1995), stability conditions of different equilibria are analyzed.
- …
