1,983 research outputs found
Gray Peter — L'Irlande au temps de la grande famine
No full textCourbage Youssef. Gray Peter — L'Irlande au temps de la grande famine. In: Population, 51ᵉ année, n°2, 1996. pp. 498-501
Gray Peter — L'Irlande au temps de la grande famine
No full textCourbage Youssef. Gray Peter — L'Irlande au temps de la grande famine. In: Population, 51ᵉ année, n°2, 1996. pp. 498-501
A mixed-methods approach to understanding narrow passage behaviours
No full textNarrow passage interactions are unregulated interactions at road narrowings in which two opposing vehicles cannot both pass through simultaneously. Instead, some informal agreement must be reached between the drivers as to which vehicle will pass through first and which will wait. Existing research into narrow passage interactions is typically focused on either simplistic approaches where the vehicle arriving at their entrance to the narrowing always proceeds first, or focused on the forms of communication required to reach the necessary agreement and how this may translate to future situations where one of the vehicles is autonomously controlled. There appears to be little research into how heterogeneity in wider driver behaviour, vehicle types, and situational/environmental factors relating to the layout of the narrowing itself result in the diversity of interactions and behaviours that can be observed in reality. It is clear therefore that the decision-making processes undertaken by drivers approaching narrow passages are more complex than currently reflected in existing models. To rectify this issue, this paper describes a mixed-methods approach for narrow passage research, incorporating a questionnaire, on-road experiment, and driving simulator study. Using this integrated mixed-methods framework, it is shown that each research phase interacts and complements the other components of the research framework, such that the acknowledged weaknesses of each individual methodology are compensated by the other phases. Through highlighting the key findings of each research phase and showing how they were utilised throughout the project to widen the number of factors found to influence narrow passage decision-making, and consequently propose a new theoretical model for narrow passage cognition and behaviour that better reflects observed behaviours, it is argued that the described research methodology better addresses the complexities of cognitive research than a single approach.<br/
Interview with Abdel Tawab Youssef
No full textلقاء مع عبد التواب يوسف الأديب و المؤلف المصري و الذى إشتهر بالكتابة في أدب الأطفال بمناسبة إنتخابه أمين عام لإتحاد كتاب مصر. أجرى هذا اللقاء حسن شمس الدين.An interview with Abdel Tawab Youssef, Egyptian children's book author, on the occasion of his election as Secretary General of Egypt Writers' Union. Interview conducted by Hassan Shams El Din
Investigating and modelling the factors affecting cooperative driving behaviours at narrow passage road interactions
No full textCooperative road interactions, road interactions in which drivers work together to complete manoeuvres (Kraft et al., 2019), have received increased attention from researchers looking to model the behaviours exhibited by drivers during the interactions, and those investigating how autonomous vehicles should interact with human-driven vehicles in a composite road transport system. This attention is due to the relative lack of traffic regulations that govern these interactions, with drivers instead relying on informal traffic rules and communications to safely navigate the situations. Narrow passage interactions - a “deadlock” cooperative road interaction in which two (or more) drivers driving in opposite directions encounter one another at a road narrowing – have, however, remained under-researched and thus inadequately represented in microscopic traffic models. For example, it is widely accepted that the vehicle type being interacted with alters driving behaviours, and yet there is limited investigation of this factor on the behaviours exhibited by drivers during narrow passage interactions, with little subsequent incorporation of the factor in driver behaviour models. This research, therefore, contributes to knowledge by improving the understanding of the factors that affect a car driver’s decision-making during narrow passage interactions and the modelling of this understanding in mathematical driver behaviour models. A questionnaire study was initially carried out to widen the range of factors found to influence narrow passage decision-making. Notably, the study found that the vehicle type and the number of vehicles being interacted with influenced the decision of drivers to give way at a road narrowing. The factors were then further explored in the qualitative analysis of the concurrent and retrospective verbalisations produced in an on-road study, which sought to gain an insight into the chronological relationships between what drivers perceive, how they interpret this information and the actions they subsequently undertake. The findings from the questionnaire study were validated by the on-road study and a theoretical framework of the decision-making processes of drivers during narrow passage interactions was also proposed. Using this theoretical framework, a rule-based driver behaviour model for narrow passage interactions was developed as part of a co-simulator driving simulation package. The bespoke narrow passage driving simulator, which sought to remedy limitations of previous simulator studies, was used in a simulator study consisting of both open-world and controlled drives. The results of the study further validated the findings of the previous studies and led to the development of a novel binary mixed logit model to represent narrow passage decision-making. This model was found to outperform model structures representative of the previous state-of-the-art in the narrow passage human factors and modelling literature, that were trained and evaluated using the same dataset
Joining SUMO and unreal engine to create a bespoke 360 degree narrow passage driving simulator
No full text“That’s a bit of a tight squeeze!”: a thematic analysis of narrow passage driving interactions using the perceptual cycle model
No full textThe ability to accurately represent driver behaviours in microscopic traffic models and for autonomous vehicles to discern human driving behaviours is reliant on having a deep understanding of the behaviour that is being modelled. In spite of this, the decision-making processes undertaken during narrow passage interactions, a high risk and relatively unregulated situation in which a road narrowing means that two opposing vehicles cannot pass through at the same time, remain under investigated. To rectify this limitation, an on-road “think aloud” study was conducted with participants in the UK and supplemented by a video-cued retrospective interview using a shortened version of the Schema World Action Research Method. 175 decision points were then analysed using Neisser’s Perceptual Cycle Model, which highlights the relationships between the information perceived from the narrow passage environment, a driver’s schema, and the actions taken. It was found that drivers conduct four key assessments, including evaluating their interaction partner’s intention and the suitability of give way gaps on both sides of the road, when deciding what actions to take during a narrow passage interaction. These results provide a clearer understanding of how driver behaviour is influenced by different contextual/situational factors in a safety critical driving situation and helps ensure that future mathematical models better reflect driver decision-making during narrow passage interactions. This, in turn, can be used to ensure that autonomous vehicles are able to safely interact with human drivers at narrow passages and that microscopic traffic models are able to produce more accurate outputs
Service Quality in the Finnish Health Care System and Patients’ Decisions
No full textCustomer service is considered an important part of any organization and one which has a direct effect on the organization income and customer satisfaction toward organization efficiency. The value of organization services could change customer attitude. Each customer has his/her expec-tations and customer services could lead to memorable experiences, positive or negative ones and change customer perception towards what the organization offers. The customer or to be more specific healthcare patient, patient satisfaction is related to sharing in the decision making for treatment, care evaluation and cost reduction. The quality of health care services is of utmost importance to society and through research knowledge can be acquired about the importance of quality, concepts and its role in health care development and recommendations can be made to help in its improvement.
In this research the author examines the Finnish healthcare system provision and policy. Research is conducted on client types, preferences and rights, and an understanding of the client’s attitude towards healthcare services and factors affecting their decisions is desired. The author aims to investigate how much the quality of customer service in the Finnish healthcare system could affect customers decisions. Does the experience of challenges in customer services direct custom-er/patient from public healthcare services to private ones or vice versa? The purpose of the thesis project to offer guidance for healthcare professionals to improve the management of the healthcare system. Guidance includes the area which are valued by customers, the painful and joyful moments during the customer journey.
The author’s objectives during the research concern knowledge discovery; to know how much health care facilities put the quality factor in consideration, to be aware health care problems, to understand the different kinds of behaviors from the perspectives of professionals or clients, to summarize the most important elements which should be in any health organization to achieve a high level of quality and to decrease the gape between our needs and what are already offered by the health care
Narrow passage interactions: a UK-based exploratory survey study to identify factors affecting driver decision-making
No full textNarrow passage interactions have received increased attention from academics seeking to create behavioural models of the interaction and those looking to define how autonomous vehicles (AVs) should interact with their human counterparts in a composite road system. Despite this increased attention, many factors remain unexplored in the narrow passage literature, with the literature also encompassing few driving culture contexts. To this end, this study employs an explorative survey to identify additional factors that affect driver decision-making during narrow passage interactions, as well as driver perceptions of different communications in a UK context. The study’s 243 participants were presented with a range of different narrow passage scenarios and asked to indicate how likely they were to give way/yield to a vehicle approaching the narrow passage from the opposite direction. In addition, they also completed the Multidimensional Driving Style Inventory to identify their driving styles and asked to identify which signals they look for from their interaction partner during narrow passage interactions, as well as the meaning of those signals. The results of the study show that situational characteristics such as the vehicle type being interacted with, being in a rush and being followed by vehicles alter the likelihood of drivers giving way at narrow passages, whilst a person’s driving style can also indicate how likely someone is to give way to another vehicle. These results highlight the factors that are considered by drivers, increasing our understanding of the factors that need to be incorporated in driver behaviour models and in AV development
Ultrasonographic cervical length and risk of hemorrhage in pregnancies with placenta previa
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