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The politics and economics of regulatory impact assessment
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Valeriana plateadensis A. J. Perez, C. Persson & J. N. Zapata 2023, sp. nov.
No full text1. Valeriana plateadensis Á.J. Pérez, C. Persson & J.N. Zapata, sp. nov. — Figures 1 A–C, 2 A–E Type: ECUADOR. Zamora-Chinchipe: Cantón Nangaritza, Parroquia Nuevo Paraíso. Reserva Biológica Cerro Plateado, [la cima de la meseta], -4.6194445, -78.7830556, 2900 m, 8 August 2021 (fl), A. J. Pérez, N. Zapata, T. L. P. Couvreur, C. Persson, R. Paqui, R. Cabrera & W. Santillán 11704 (holotype QCA-244410; isotypes GB-0210405, PRC). Shrub 20–25 cm tall with ± erect branches. Stem and branches terete covered with dead leaves basally, 0.5 to 1 cm wide (incl. leaves), slightly wider at the head-like top, branching rhythmic with 3–7 branches at each node. Leaves seemingly spirally arranged (but actually positioned in multiple ranks) and overlapping, sessile, glabrous, coriaceous, spatulate and sharply bent, proximal portion canaliculate, 5 × 1 mm, adpressed tightly to the shoot, distal portion widely oblong 2.1–2.3 × 2–2.2 mm, with rounded apex, above slightly concave with thickened margin, below sometimes with a raised narrowly triangular portion, fresh leaves generally spreading (forming an angle of 90° to the shoot), or in the uppermost portion of the shoots ascending to erect, dried and dead leaves the outer portion generally facing downwards. Inflorescence a loose cluster of up to 12 flowers at the top/end of the shoots, partial inflorescences of 2–3 flowers subtended by an opposite pair of involucral bracts that are entirely or fused in for 2/3. Flowers hermaphrodite? (neither pollen nor ovules seen); calyx vestigial; corolla funnelform, white, 3-lobed, the tube obconical, 3–3.5 mm long, 0.2 to 1.5 mm wide, the lobes widely ovate, ca 1.5 × 1 mm, apex obtuse; stamens 3, exserted, the filaments white, flattened, 2.5 mm long, inserted in the upper portion of the tube, anthers 0.2 × 0.1 mm; style slightly exserted, the stigma capitate, the ovary cylindrical 0.7 × 0.3 mm, glabrous with 1 pendent ovule. Fruits unknown. Additional specimens examined: ECUADOR. Zamora-Chinchipe, Nangaritza, Cordillera del Cóndor, Reserva Biológica Cerro Plateado, gently sloping summit area of Cerro Plateado, 4°37’10” S, 78°46’59” W, 2915 m, 24 August 2012 (fl), D. Neill, M. Asanza & E. Cueva 17494 (ECUAMZ); en la cima de la meseta, -4.6194445, -78.7830556, 2900 m, 23 September 2016 (fl), Á. J. Pérez, N. Zapata & W. Santillán 10175 (QCA-244424); 2850–2900 m, 27 September 2016 (fl), Á. J. Pérez, N. Zapata & W. Santillán 10329 (QCA-244532). Valeriana plateadensis is distinguished from other Valeriana species of the high Andes with 3-lobed corollas by being small sparsely branched shrubs with small spatulate and sharply bent densely set leaves in multiple ranks. Distribution and habitat:— Valeriana plateadensis is an endemic species to Cerro Plateado, Cordillera del Cóndor in southeast Ecuador where it has been collected on sandstone soil between rocks on the top of the Andean tepui at 2900 m (Figure 3A). Associated plants include Symplocos neillii Ståhl (2010: 86), Diplostephium sp. nov, Chusquea nana (Clark) Clark (2009: 681) and Drosera peruensis Silva & Correa (2002: 543) (Figure 3A). Conservation status: Only one population with ca. 40 mature individuals of this species were discovered at the type locality at the summit of the Cerro Plateado. It is an isolated area and difficult to access; nevertheless, climate change effects could affect the distribution and population size of this species negatively. According to the IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN 2022) this species is therefore assessed as Vulnerable (VU, Criterion D2). Phenology: Flowers were collected in August and September. Etymology: The specific epithet of this species refers to Cerro Plateado in the Cordillera del Cóndor in southeastern Ecuador which is the only known locality for this species.Published as part of Persson, Claes, Eriksen, Bente, Pérez, Álvaro J., Zapata, J. Nicolás, Couvreur, Thomas L. P. & Sklenář, Petr, 2023, Three new species of Valeriana (Valerianoideae, Caprifoliaceae) from southern Ecuador, pp. 47-53 in Phytotaxa 579 (1) on page 48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.579.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/753210
Exploration of Electro-Enhanced-Chemotherapy II. : Uptake of radioactive tracer in rat Muscle tissue at 6 and 24 hours after applied electric pulses of 1000 V/cm field-strength, 100 micro-s pulse-length, and various number of pulses.
Get PDFSyftet med studien är att utforska det förbättrade upptaget av det radioaktiva spåret Technetium-99m-DTPA (99mTc-DTPA) i råtta Muskelvävnad i Fischer 344 råttor efter applicerad elektriskpulser med 1000 V / cm fältstyrka, 100 μs pulslängd och olika antal pulser.Metoder: 99mTc-DTPA (totalt 150 MBq) administrerades intramuskulärt (i.m.) vidaxel som en bolus i flera fraktioner av 50 l vardera i intervaller på 1 minut. Bilder avradioaktivitetsfördelning i råttorna registrerades med en gammakamera vid 6 och 24 timmarefter elektroporation. EP-behandling utfördes med 2 nålelektroder separerade 8 mminfogas i höger rygg lårmuskel, genom vilken elektriska pulser av 1000 V / cm fältstyrka och 100 micro-s pulslängd applicerades.Bioimpedansmätningar utfördes vid 2 och 20 kHz genom nålelektrodernai höger rygg lårmuskel. Innan man tillämpar EP behandlingspuls, två mätningarfastställde referensnivån Rbefore. Därefter Np konsekutiva pulser (Np = 2,4,6,10,12) av fältetstyrka amplitude, 1000V / cm och pulslängd 100 μs applicerades i 1 s intervall ochimpedansen registrerades mellan varje puls. För att studera relaxationen av porationenKonduktansmätningarna fortsatte 15 gånger efter den sista pulsen i 1 s intervall.Statistisk analys och modellering av data utförs med hjälp av multivariata databearbetningsmetoder som Principal Component Analysis PCA, och modelleras medMetod för Projektion till Latent Structures, PLS, även kallad PLSR Partial Least SquareRegression.Resultat: F upptagningsförhållandena förutspåddes genom vävnadsimpedansmätningar vid olikafrekvenser 2-50 kHz. Detta framgår av resultatet av PLS-modelleringsekvationerna förUpptagningsförhållande vid 6 och 24 h mot vävnad Ledningsförändring Index vid 2 och 50 kHzefter den sista puls: UR6h = 4,22 + 0,027 * CCI (2); UR6h = 4,45 + 0,040 * CCI (50)UR24h = 3,77 + 0,07 * CCI (2); UR24h = 0,44 + 0,24 * CCI (50)Slutsats: Det optimala scenariot för att förutsäga resultatet av elektrokemoterapisession, dvs för att uppnå högsta upptagningsförhållandet för bleomycin skulle vara att använda relaxationstiden(Tl / s) av vävnadsledningsförmågan efter behandling och den avgivna absorberade energin (WJ / kg).UR6h = -8,097 + 2,04 * (T1 / s) + 1,88*10-3 * (W J.kg-1)UR24h = -25,78 + 7,63 * (T1 / s) -1,36*10-3 * (W J.kg-1
Exploration of Electro-Enhanced-Chemotherapy I : Exploration of the uptake of radioactive tracer in rat Muscle tissue of 2 - 12 applied electric pulses of 600;800;1000;1200 V/cm field-strength, 100;250;500 s pulse-length, and 2,4,6,8.10.12 number.
Get PDFSyftet med studien är att undersöka den förbättrade upptagningen av det radioaktiva spåret Technetium-99m-DTPA (99mTc-DTPA) i råtta Muskelvävnad i Fischer 344 råttor efter applicerade elektriska pulser av olikafältstyrka och pulslängd,Metoder: 99mTc-DTPA (totalt 150 MBq) administrerades intramuskulärt (i.m.) vid axelnsom en bolus i flera fraktioner om 50 l var och en i intervaller på 1 minut. Bilder av radioaktivitetenfördelning i råttorna registrerades med en gammakamera vid 6 och 24 timmar efter elektroporation.EP-behandling utfördes med 2 nålelektroder separerade 8 mm införda i höger rygglårmuskel, genom vilken elektriska pulser på 600, 800, 1000, 1200 V / cm fältstyrka och100, 250, 500 s pulslängd applicerades.Bioimpedansmätningar utfördes vid 2 och 20 kHz genom nålelektroderna ihögerback lårmuskel. Innan man tillämpade EP behandlingspuls, fastställde två mätningarreferensnivå R före. Därefter Np på varandra följande pulser (Np = 2,4,6,10,12) med fältstyrkanamplituden E= 600.800.1000, 1200 V / cm och pulslängd 100.250.500 s applicerades i 1 s intervall ochimpedansen registrerades mellan varje puls. För att studera avkopplingen av porationenkonduktansmätningar fortsatte 15 gånger efter den sista pulsen i 1 s intervall.Statistisk analys och modellering av data utförs med hjälp av multivariate databehandlingmetoder som Principal Component Analysis PCA, och modelleras med Projektionsmetodentill Latent Structures, PLS, även kallad PLSR Partial Least Square Regression.Resultat: Variationen i upptagningsförhållandena med fältstyrka, pulslängd och antal appliceradepulser indikerar den starkaste korrelationen av is med antalet pulser. Detta visas avresultatet av PLS-modelleringsekvationernaUR6h = 1,709 - 1,32 · 10-3E (V / cm) + 7,67 · 10-3 PL (s) + 0,571N (pulser)UR24h = 12.342 - 5.87 · 10-3E (V / cm) - 2.01 · 10-3ekePL (s) + 0.409N (pulser)Slutsats: Det optimala scenariot för att förutsäga resultatet av den elektroförstärktakemoterapinsession, dvs att uppnå högsta upptagningsförhållande för Bleomycin skulle vara att använda LCI 20kHz;LCI 2kHz som beskrivare bredvid parametrarna E, PL och N
Phase Distribution Efficiency of cm-Scale Ultrasonically Powered Receivers
No full textIn the domain of ultrasonically powered biomedical implants, there is an increasing interest in cm-scale ultrasonic receivers (RX). However, when a single-element transducer is used as the RX transducer, an uneven phase distribution across the RX area can significantly reduce the harvestable power. In this paper, we investigate the impact of lateral and angular misalignment on the acoustic field phase distribution across the RX surface. We show that, for a single-element RX transducer, lateral misalignment has minimal effect on the harvestable power, whereas even small angular misalignments can cause a considerable reduction, especially for larger RX sizes. We present a potential solution that consists of subdividing a large RX transducer (e.g. 20 × 20mm2) into smaller elements, which significantly improves power transfer efficiency by taking advantage of the smaller phase variation across the surface of each element. The trade-offs between achieving a minimum acceptable power transfer efficiency and managing the increased complexity in packaging and matching circuitry are also discussed.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Electronic Components, Technology and MaterialsBio-Electronic
Highly efficient laser-driven Compton gamma-ray source
Get PDFThe recent advancement of high-intensity lasers has made all-optical Compton scattering become a promising way to produce ultrashort brilliant gamma-rays in an ultra-compact system. However, so far achieved Compton gamma-ray sources are limited by low conversion efficiency and spectral intensity. Here we present a highly efficient gamma photon emitter obtained by irradiating a high-intensity laser pulse on a miniature plasma device consisting of a plasma lens and a plasma mirror. This concept exploits strong spatiotemporal laser-shaping process and high-charge electron acceleration process in the plasma lens, as well as an efficient nonlinear Compton scattering process enabled by the plasma mirror. Our full three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate that in this novel scheme, brilliant gamma-rays with very high conversion efficiency (higher than 10(-2)) and spectral intensity (similar to 10(9) photons/0.1%BW) can be achieved by employing currently available petawatt-class lasers with intensity of 10(21) W cm(-2). Such efficient and intense gamma-ray sources would find applications in wide-ranging areas. ©2019 The Author(s)
CM Periods, CM Regulators, and Hypergeometric Functions, I
Get PDFWe prove the Gross-Deligne conjecture on CM periods for motives associated with H-2 of certain surfaces fibered over the projective line. Then we prove for the same motives a formula which expresses the K-1-regulators in terms of hypergeometric functions F-3(2), and obtain a new example of non-trivial regulators
QF Modelling of Electro-Pulse-Therapy
Get PDFIn electro-pulse therapy treatment, only the cells exposed to a sufficiently strong electric field will respond immediately. The tumour cells that are permeabilized become much more accessible to hydrophilic molecules since these are normally rejected by the membrane barrier. The anticancer agent Bleomycin has proven to be the most potent drug in electro-pulse therapy and is the one often used in electro-pulse chemotherapy. However, cisplatin, another anticancer agent has also been found to be effective in electro-pulse chemotherapy. Usually, needle electrodes are used for clinical treatment of tumours with Electro-pulse Chemotherapy. A short 100 microsecond pulse with a field-strength of about 1000 V/cm is applied between a pair of electrodes inserted in the tissue to be treated. After the initial pulse, the conductivity in the tissue close to the needle electrodes increase extensively. The aim is to investigate this effect of the initial pulse on the distribution of potential, electric field, current density and absorbed power density of the following pulses. The present investigation has been possible to perform by using the evaluation grant of QuickField Professional program kindly submitted by the QuickField Support Team.According to the result of the present QF simulation, the average pulse strength in the centre between the electrodes will increase above the recommended 1000 V/cm after the initial pulse, causing a high degree of non-reversible electroporation in the target volume by following pulses of the same amplitude
Leontopithecus caissara Lorini & Persson 1990
No full text<p>47.</p> <p>Black-faced Lion Tamarin</p> <p>Leontopithecus caissara</p> <p>French: Tamarin-lion a téte noire / German: Schwarzkopf-Léwenaffchen / Spanish: Titi le 6n de cara negra Other common names: Superagti Lion Tamarin</p> <p>Taxonomy. Leontopithecus caissara Lorini & Persson, 1990,</p> <p>Barra do Ararapira, Ilha de Superagui, municipality of Guaraquecaba, Parana State, Brazil (25° 18’ S, 48° 11°’ W).</p> <p>The geographical proximity of L. caissara and L. chrysopygus and the finding that some captive L. chrysopygus show a pelage color pattern very similar to that of L. caissara led to the suggestion that L. caissara was a subspecies or mere color variant of L. chrysopygus. This was refuted by an analysis of the cranial and mandibular morphology by C. Burity and coworkers in 1999, which found L. caissara to be distinct. A molecular genetic analysis by B. Perez-Sweeney and coworkers in 2008 confirmed the conclusion of Burity, and placed L. caissara as a sister species to a clade comprising L. rosalia and L. chrysopygus. Monotypic.</p> <p>Distribution. SE Brazil (states of Parana & Sao Paulo), on Superagti I, and on the mainland in parts of the valleys of the rios Sebui and dos Patos;its entire distribution is less than 300 km?®.</p> <p>Descriptive notes. Head-body c.34 cm,tail ¢.40 cm; weight 540-710 g. The body of the Black-faced Lion Tamarin is orange-gold, with black on the mane, face, chest,feet, forearms, and tail. The transitional region behind the shoulders consists of long golden hairs that are dark brown at the base.</p> <p>Habitat. Mature lowland coastal forest. On the mainland and the island of Superagiii, Black-faced Lion Tamarins use swamp and inundated areas intensively because of their abundant foraging microhabitats and plants providing fruits and nectar. Dryland forest, however,is where they sleep in tree holes, Indaia palms (Attalea dubia, Arecaceae), and epiphytic bromeliads. Mainland groups, in particular, also use secondary forest because of their high densities of preferred fruiting trees. On the mainland, they avoid montane and submontane forest and are not found at elevations above 40 m. The Black-faced Lion Tamarin is the southernmost of any of the callitrichids, and changes in temperature and vegetation with elevation are more abrupt than at lower latitudes. Mountains come close to the sea in this region, and for this reason, their geographic distribution is very small. Middle and upper layers of the canopy are preferred.</p> <p>Food and Feeding. Thefirst study of the Black-feaced Lion Tamarin indicated a diet of 745% fruits, 129% fungi, 10-3% animal prey, 1:3% gums, and 1% flowers and nectar. Thirty plant species in 17 families have been recorded in its diet. The principal family providing fruits is the Myrtaceae. Overall, nine species accounted for 94% of the plant part of the diet, 31% involving four species of Myrtaceae (Myrcia acuminatissima, M. multiflora, Marlierea tomentosa, and Psidium cattleianum). Tapirira guianensis (Anacardiaceae), Syagrus romanzoffiana (Arecaceae), Calophyllum brasiliense (Clusiaceae), and an unknown species of Myrsinaceae were also significant providers of fruits during the year. Nectar is taken from a number of species of Myrtaceae, Melastomatacae, and Bromeliaceae (Aechmea). They eat flowers of Aechmea and Marcgravia polyantha (Marcgraviaceae), and gum of 1. guianensis is eaten occasionally. An interesting component of the diet is the sporocarp of the ascomycete fungus Mycomalmus bambusinus (Clavicipitaceae) that they find on bamboo culms (Chusquea) near the ground. Fungi are eaten in the dry season and early wet season in June—-October and particularly in July-September. Consumption offruit declines in the dry season (April-September). Animal prey include grasshoppers, cockroaches, stick-insects, beetles, insects, spiders, and tree frogs. They forage for animal prey from the ground to c.15 m in the forest canpoy but concentrate more effort at heights of 6-10 m.</p> <p>Breeding. There is no information available for this species.</p> <p>Activity patterns. Black-faced lion Tamarins begin their activities at 06:00 h and return to their sleeping sites at ¢.16:00 h. They are most active—feeding and foraging— in the morning at 09:00-12:00 h, after which they tend to rest more until ¢.15:00 h. They spend ¢.56% of their time moving, 29% feeding, 14% in social activities (mainly grooming), and only c¢.1% resting. On the island of Superagtii, they use mainly tree holes as sleeping sites, but on the mainland, they frequently use crowns of Indaia palms, bromeliads, and sometimes termite nests.</p> <p>Movements, Home range and Social organization. Group sizes of the Black-faced Lion Tamarin are 3-7 individuals. Their home ranges are the largest recorded for any callitrichid. The average home rangesize for seven groups was 300 ha. They travel 1000-3400 m/day. Groups on the island of Superagtii tend to have longer daily movements indicating more dispersed food sources. On the mainland, two groups shared the same home range, with 100% overlap. With their large home ranges, densities are low and estimated at 1-7 ind/km?® on Superagiii.</p> <p>Status and Conservation. CITES Appendix I. Classified as Critically Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Black-faced Lion Tamarin was first discovered in 1990 on the island of Superagti. In 2002, the total world population was estimated at less than 300 individuals. Currently, they are believed to number less than 400 individuals. Conservation and management of the Black-faced Lion Tamarin has been overseen by an international committee formed by the Brazilian government in 1992. The Brazilian government,in collaboration with the Instituto de Pesquisas Ecolégicas (IPE), has been carrying out conservation programs for the Black-faced Lion Tamarin since 1995. These activities included ongoing research on its ecology and behavior, management of the Superagui National Park, environmental awareness programs with schools and local communities, and programs to involve local fishing communities in conservation measures and to improve their livelihoods.</p> <p>Bibliography. French et al. (2002), Holst et al. (2006), Kierulff, Raboy et al. (2002), Kleiman & Mallinson (1998), Kleiman & Rylands, (2002), Lorini & Persson (1990, 1994), Nascimento & Schmidlin (2011), Nascimento et al. (2011), Padua et al. (2002), Perez-Sweeney et al. (2008), Persson & Lorini (1993), Prado (1999), Prado & Valladares-Padua (2004), Prado et al. (2000), Rambaldi et al. (2002), Rodrigues et al. (1992), Rylands (1993c), Rylands, Kierulff & Pinto (2002), Rylands, Mallinson et al. (2002), Valladares-Padua & Prado (1996), Vivekananda (1994).</p>Published as part of <i>Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson, 2013, Callitrichiade, pp. 262-346 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on pages 345-346, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5730714">10.5281/zenodo.5730714</a>
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