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“State, Capital and Trade Unions: How Governments deal with Social Conflicts in Europe and China”
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Maestri, colf, baby sitter, badanti e casalinghi. Attenzione “uomini al lavoro”
No full textThe theme of "female nature", and correspondingly of male ones, are since long time the focus of a complex debate between two opposite perspectives: innate theory vs social-costructivist theory. Both assign at individuals (male and female) a set of different characteristics connected to the gender, but the first one considers this set genetically determined more than socially learned. The second one, instead, is based on supposition that gender is a social result, consolidated starting from naturalization of biological differences, and constructing on them, a correspondent social and normative model. In the last perspective, if it’s possible thinking about “nature”, we need thinking about a durkheimian “second nature”. In this line of reflection, gender cultural models and gender social representations become very important. They are learned by individuals (male and female) during their gender socialization process, and then organize their normative and value structure and influence, consequently, their choices and behaviors.
These gender representations, with which women collide in their every-day life, are considered the focal point to explain the female persistent difficulties in private life as in work and also political ones. But these representations are, at the same time, the problem with collide also men who decide to venture in fields of activities connected to care giving, traditionally thought “right for women”. Domestic care giving as social ones, are territories where men have been watched with suspect and, at most, with belief of a “natural” incapacity.
The paper claims the aim to analyze how performative dimension of the gender affects heavily the social expectations in relation of some jobs. This qualitative research is focused on life-stories and choices of some men who have chosen, and sometimes who have accidentally begun, care giving jobs, traditionally “right for women”. It has been identified a group of fifteen men (between twenty and forty years) occupied as stay-at home father, baby-sitter and colf, and they are interviewed to analyze their attitudes, motivations, as their difficulties encountered in these “female” jobs. Their words and their explanations have been the starting point to reflect on gender issues, looking at discriminations suffered by men occupied in care giving jobs
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Introduzione. Ripercorrere la storia della sociologia italiana usando il prisma del genere
No full textAlcohol inhibits spontaneous activity of basolateral amygdala projection neurons in the rat: Involvement of the endocannabinoid system
No full textBackground: A large body of evidence indicates that the limbic system is involved in the neural processing underlying drug addiction. Among limbic regions, the basolateral nucleus of amygdala (BLA) is implicated in some aspects of the neurobiological mechanisms of drugs of abuse, including alcohol and cannabinoids. It is recently emerging that the endocannabinoid system is involved in many pharmacological and behavioral effects of alcohol. The BLA possesses a very high density of CB1 cannabinoid receptors, and endocannabinoids modulate forms of synaptic plasticity in this region. The aims of our study were first to investigate in vivo the sensitivity of BLA pyramidal neurons to alcohol and second to determine the role of the endocannabinoid system in the acute effects of alcohol. Methods: We utilized extracellular single cell recordings in urethane anesthetized rats from BLA principal neurons, antidromically identified from their projection site in the nucleus accumbens. Results: Alcohol (0.25 to 2.0 g/kg i.v.) induced a marked decrease in the spontaneous firing rate of BLA projecting neurons (51.1 ± 16% of baseline at 0.5 g/kg alcohol, p < 0.0001). The involvement of the endogenous cannabinoid system was investigated by administering the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A (rimonabant, SR) (1.0 mg/kg i.v.) before alcohol. SR per se did not significantly affect firing rate of BLA neurons, but it prevented the inhibition produced by alcohol (98 ± 18% of baseline firing at 0.5 g/kg alcohol, p < 0.01). Then, we studied the actions of alcohol following a chronic treatment with the CB1 agonist WIN55212-2 (WIN). Animals were administered WIN for 6.5 days (2.0 mg/kg, i.p. twice daily) and alcohol dose-response curves were carried out on firing rate of BLA neurons 24 hours following the last injection of the cannabinoid agonist. In WIN-treated animals the inhibitory effect of alcohol was significantly reduced as compared with controls (95 ± 16% of baseline firing at 0.5 g/kg, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our results provide evidence of the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the effects of alcohol on BLA projection neurons. They also further point to the endocannabinoid system as a possible molecular target in the treatment of alcoholis
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Regional Context and Fertility in Contemporary Italy
No full textOur motivation in this paper comes from a growing concern in demography for a
better understanding of context in reproductive behavior outcomes. This takes on particular
importance in Italy, a country still characterized by very low fertility. We exploit detailed life
history calendar data for a large, nationally representative sample of Italian women, and we
conduct a more refined analysis of the relationship between personal traits, regional context
and fertility. After introducing the Italian setting, the descriptive analysis verifies the
persistence of significant differences in the reproductive behavior of women according to
region of origin. Our multivariate analysis tests for the influence of women’s employment,
union status, region of origin, and other standard traits on the annual probability of first and
second birth. Our results point to very strong effects of a woman’s own employment (and
weaker effects of her regional context) on first and second birth. We also find that more
secular unions are associated with lower rates of first birth, and that more secular regional
contexts are associated with lower rates of transition to first birth. Advocates of several
competing explanations of very low fertility will find items of support in these results
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