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CO2 emissions of a university campus: assessment, uncertainties and reduction strategies
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The irreducibles: The causes of non-propensity to shift to public mode to access university campus
Get PDFUniversity commuting has a strong impact on traffic congestion and pollution in urban areas. In Italy, this phenomenon is even more prominent since most universities are located in urban areas without adequate housing services in the surroundings. Therefore, it could be important for universities to implement policies that help commuters switch from private vehicles to public modes. This paper focuses on Milan Politecnico (today about 54 thousand people between students and staff) and outlines the characteristics of the car users’ profiles that are less willing to switch from car to a sustainable mode. The study involves a sample of 2 646 car users of the two main campuses, out of a much larger population using other modes. The paper builds a Multinomial logit, in which three different commuter specifications are defined: “car lovers”, people using car without taking into account other options, “car captives”, people obliged to use car, and “switchers”, car commuters willing to switch. The first two specifications are defined as “irreducibles”: people who declare they do not want or cannot switch. The model uses individual spatial location, socioeconomics and social behaviour factors as independent variables. Since location could play a role in changing propensity, the paper also includes a spatial analysis to check for possible missing spatial variables. We identify the main causes of rigidity in commuting switch behaviour and, according to the results, we provide policymakers and universities with consistent strategies to promote public transport use. The policies must be differentiated to address the two groups of irreducibles: car lovers typically do not respond to improvements or subsidies to public transport and must therefore be addressed with pricing and parking limitations. Car captives, instead, are such due to their location: not so far but sprawled. From the university point of view, provision of residences near the campuses or targeted subsidies and multimodal solutions for frequent travellers and those living in cities may increase the sustainability of commuting
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Experimental Slender Wing Model Design by the Application of Aeroelastic Scaling Laws
No full textLong-endurance, unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) usually employ high-aspect-ratio, flexible wings to reduce weight and power required to achieve extended flight operation. There are currently several advanced concept designs and prototypes that will sustain autonomous operations for months or even years. The increased wing flexibility can lead to large structural deflections for trimmed flight states. These large elastic deformations within the static equilibrium state of the vehicle can induce aeroelastic instabilities quite different from their rigid counterparts. Therefore, it is imperative to perform flutter analysis, which considers the trimmed, large amplitude deformed state as a reference condition. Considering the complexity of the system under investigation, the aeroelastic flutter analysis process usually includes an experimental test phase for verification purposes. In this respect, wind tunnel test models provide the opportunity to modify and calibrate theoretical models, through a process of model updating. This paper proposes the development of an experimental, aeroelastic, slender-wing model that can be designed using a scaling procedure. The model is based on a consistent, aeroelastic, beam-wise scheme, capable of simulating the unconventional aeroelastic behavior of flexible wing
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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