130,412 research outputs found
Open Archipelago. Designing Isles of Knowledge in the Web 2.0 Era
No full textLibraries are the traditional depot of culture and knowledge. The concept of digital libraries (D-Lib) emerged consistently with the growth of the web
society and the broader diffusion of ICT systems and services. This idea empowers both the aspects of traditional editorial products and the way of
conceiving digital education: on the one hand it implies a transformation in the cultural heritage of libraries, increasing the presence of digital contents;
on the other hand it shifts the habitual approach to knowledge by offering a more sustainable distribution, a fastest access and a different
user-centered concept to better satisfy the needs of the people. Considering this scenario the paper would present the project Open Archipelago (OA)
as a final delivery of a set of research activities oriented to offer an open source framework to innovate some aspects of fruition, distribution and
management of editorial contents in libraries and in academic environments. The project offers to the users a different cognitive approach to a wide
variety of electronic materials and a more sustainable way to distribute, share and organize knowledge especially in the public spaces of libraries,
research centers and universities. Open Archipelago is based on a open source central system to index and to catalogue (and to store, in particular
cases) Open Access materials, like digital versions of magazines, papers, books, etc. Connected to this main platform there are different end-user
platforms called “islands” (clustered platforms as “islands” that creates the “archipelago”), in which such materials can be distributed through different
typologies of devices (iPads, e-book readers, multimedia cards, USB keys, etc.) or consulted directly “on screen” (multimedia tactile screen) and
partially printed according to the policies of the materials and of the hosting institution. The main idea behind this kind of network is to create an
“archipelago” of platforms (kiosks with different features) to put each user in a participative, interactive and immersive environment based on digital
contents and to empower the heritage of the knowledge encouraging the institutions to adopt and to distribute Open Access products with web 2.0
frameworks. Such configuration allows also to design specific guidelines in order to offer a low-cost, sustainable, scalable and modular solution to
implement a system based on new low-consumption devices, on onlinetrusted Open Access resources and on self-automated settings of distribution
based on web 2.0 platforms. The research focus started analyzing the issues related to the different approaches between digital natives and digital
migrant in specific environments which offer edi-torial contents. One of the main topics that emerged was how to re-modulate the social inclusion for
both these categories in the academic context giving a powerful and affordable solution in the hand of the institution. After a grounded analysis based
on virtual ethnography research and on-field surveys and interviews, emerged mostly the aspect to reframe the practices to approach resources, not
only in relation to the actual systems which offer the main index or/and an overall resume, but to access directly the whole content in few steps. The
answer to these feedbacks, taking also into account the need not to overlap with the best practices in the international context, was to design a
framework oriented towards a methodological and structural innovation in the field of D-Lib cultural heritage based on well-profiled Open Access
resources
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Knowledge Isles in an Open Access World: The Open Archipelago Project
No full textEvery culture has been characterized by the system for transferring and to reproduce knowledge between generations. Every change or improvement in learning procedures and in learning environment means an empowerment of the whole amount of knowledge that belongs to the society. Create communities means expand knowledge.
Libraries are the traditional depot of culture and knowledge. The concept of digital libraries (D-Lib) emerged consistently with the growth of the web society and the broader diffusion of ICT systems and services. This idea empowers both the as-pects of traditional editorial products and the way of conceiving digital education: on the one hand it implies a transformation in the cultural heritage of libraries, increas-ing the presence of digital contents; on the other hand it shifts the habitual approach to knowledge by offering a more sustainable distribution, a fastest access and a different user-centered concept to better satisfy the needs of the people.
In recent years there has been some important changes in the way to access to digital resources on three trends: growth of online access to resources, development of paper-less reading devices, open culture diffusion. This last trend has been crossed the boundaries of the software development world, the Open Source movement, and has involved the production of cultural contents through the deployment of a lot of types of free licenses, such as Creative Commons.
Considering this scenario, the paper would present the project Open Archipel-ago (OA) as a final delivery of a set of research activities oriented to offer an open source framework to innovate some aspects of fruition, distribution and management of editorial contents in libraries and in academic environments.
The project offers to the users, researchers and students, a different cognitive approach to a wide variety of electronic materials and a more sustainable way to distribute, share and organize knowledge especially in the public spaces of libraries, research centers and universities.
Open Archipelago is based on a open source central system to index and to catalogue (and to store in particular cases) Open Access materials, like digital versions of magazines, papers, books, etc. Connected to this main platform are different end-user platforms called “islands” (clustered platforms as "islands" that creates the "archipelago"), in which such materials can be distributed through different typologies of devices (iPads, e-book readers, multimedia cards, USB keys, etc.) or consulted directly "on screen" (multimedia tactile screen) and partially printed according to the policies of the materials and of the hosting institution.
The main idea behind this kind of network is to create an “archipelago” of platforms (kiosks with different features) to put each user in a participative, interac-tive and immersive environment based on digital contents and to empower the herit-age of the knowledge encouraging the institutions to adopt and to distribute Open Access products with web 2.0 frameworks.
Open Archipelago has the aim to create a community of librarian that de-velops a directory of well profiled resources. In this way we want to stimulate the cooperation between two communities: researchers and librarians.
The OA system of platforms allows also to follow specific design guidelines in order to offer a low-cost, sustainable, scalable and modular solution to implement a system based on new low-consumption devices, on online-trusted Open Access re-sources and on self-automated settings of distribution based on new web 2.0 technologies.
The research focus started analyzing the issues related to the different ap-proaches between digital natives and digital migrant in specific environments which offer editorial contents. One of the main topics that emerged was how to re-modulate the social inclusion for both these categories in the academic context giving a power-ful and affordable solution in the hand of the institution. After a grounded analysis based on virtual ethnography research and on-field surveys and interviews, emerged mostly the aspect to reframe the practices to approach resources, not only in relation to the actual systems which offer the main index or/and an overall resume, but to access directly the whole content in few steps.
The answer to these feedbacks, taking also into account the need not to overlap with the best practices in the international context, was to design a framework oriented towards a methodological and structural innovation in the field of D-Lib cultural heritage based on well-profiled Open Access resources
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
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