1,721,135 research outputs found
Exposición hormonal intraútero y riesgo de cáncer de mama y de próstata (estudio MCC-Spain)
No full textTrabajo Fin de Máster. Máster en Salud Pública. Curso 2019-2020Introducción: el cáncer de mama y de próstata son los tumores más frecuentes en mujeres y hombres respectivamente en España. Son tumores hormonodependientes y el grado de exposición hormonal condiciona su evolución. Algunas hipótesis plantean que las exposiciones del periodo prenatal condicionan la salud del adulto, en lo que se ha denominado programación fetal, de forma que la exposición hormonal intrauterina podría presentar relación con el cáncer en edad adulta. Objetivos: determinar si existe asociación entre la exposición hormonal intraútero a hormonas sexuales, y el riesgo cáncer de mama o de próstata en la población del estudio MCC-Spain globalmente, y en función de estatus menopáusico y tipo molecular para las mujeres, y de grupo de edad y agresividad tumoral en lo varones. Material y métodos: se dispuso de información válida de 1557 casos de cáncer de mama y 1579 mujeres controles, junto a 945 casos de cáncer de próstata con 1210 varones controles del estudio multicéntrico MCC-Spain. Se utilizó como variable independiente la ratio entre el segundo y cuarto dedo de la mano derecha (2D:4D), como proxy para la exposición hormonal intraútero. Para testar las asociaciones entre la ratio y el riesgo de sufrir cáncer de mama o próstata se ajustaron modelos de regresión logística con variables básicas (edad, nivel de estudios y entrevistador) y otros con variables de interés específicas por tipo de cáncer (edad a la menarquia, edad al primer parto, edad a la menopausia, toma de anticonceptivos y terapia sustitutiva hormonal y antecedentes familiares para mama, y altura, IMC
y antecedentes familiares para próstata) para el total de mujeres y varones y en función del estatus menopáusico y el
grupo de edad respectivamente. Se ajustaron además modelos multinomiales para el estudio de la asociación por tipo
molecular de tumor para mama y puntuación en la escala de Gleason para próstata. Además, se ajustaron modelos
dosis-respuesta no lineales para analizar la asociación entre la exposición hormonal y el cáncer de mama y de próstata. Resultados: en mujeres, la asociación de la ratio 2D:4D y el CM no es lineal, con riesgos menores en valores extremos de las ratios y mayor riesgo de desarrollar el tumor en valores intermedios. El grupo de mujeres premenopáusicas con tumores tipo HER2 con la ratio mayor presentan un menor riesgo de desarrollar CM que las que presentan la menor ratio (ORq1-q5:0.45 (IC95 0.2-0.97)). En los varones, a partir de un valor dintel de la 2D:4D, su incremento reduce el riesgo de sufrir CP. Conclusiones: nuestros resultados apoyan la hipótesis de que la exposición hormonal intraútero puede tener influencia en el riesgo de tener CM o CP en la edad adulta.1. Introducción: 1.1 Cáncer de mama y cáncer de próstata: influencia de los factores hormonales en su etiología, 1.2 Posible papel de exposiciones durante la gestación en el desarrollo de tumores, 1.3 El presente trabajo: exposición hormonal intraútero y riesgo de CM y CP en el estudio MCC-Spain. 2. Objetivos. 3. Material y métodos: 3.1 Población a estudio, 3.2 Cuestionario epidemiológico y variables de interés, 3.3 Aspectos éticos y de financiación. 4. Resultados. 5. Discusión. 6. Conclusiones. Bibliografía. Lista de tablas y figuras: Figura 1. Representación geográfica de los nodos de reclutamiento de participantes para el estudio de cáncer de mama y de próstata. Figura 2A. Diagrama de flujo de participación y selección de participantes para el estudio del cáncer de mama. Figura 2B. Diagrama de flujo de participación y selección de participantes para el estudio del cáncer de próstata. Tabla 1A. Distribución por características socio-demográficas y clínicas del total de mujeres casos y controles de cáncer de mama y por estatus menopáusico. Tabla 1B. Distribución por características socio-demográficas y clínicas del total de varones casos y controles de cáncer de próstata y por grupo de edad. Figura 3. Frecuencia de medidas de longitud de los dedos índice y anular de la mano derecha en mujeres y varones. Tabla 2. Medias de la razón 2D:4D de la mano derecha para casos y controles de cáncer de mama y cáncer de próstata. Tabla 3A. Asociación entre razón 2D:4D y riesgo de cáncer de mama, del total y por estatus menopáusico. Tabla 3B. Asociación entre Razón 2D:4D y subtipos de cáncer de mama, para todas y por estatus menopáusico. Tabla 4A. Asociación entre Razón 2D:4D y riesgo de cáncer de próstata, del total y por grupo de edad. Tabla 4B. Asociación entre Razón 2D:4D y subtipos de cáncer de próstata, para todos y por grupo de edad. Actividades desarrolladas y grado de impllicación. Anexos: Material suplementario: Protocolo S1. Instrucciones para la evaluación de ratio 2D:4D. Figura S1. Gráfica de la longitud de dedos índices y anular de varones y mujeres.. Tabla S1. Medias de longitud de dedos en mujeres y varones para el total y por grupos.N
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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