1,720,955 research outputs found
Explainable dating of greek papyri images
No full textGreek literary papyri, which are unique witnesses of antique literature, do not usually bear a date. They are thus currently dated based on palaeographical methods, with broad approximations which often span more than a century. We created a dataset of 242 images of papyri written in “bookhand” scripts whose date can be securely assigned, and we used it to train algorithms for the task of dating, showing its challenging nature. To address data scarcity, we extended our dataset by segmenting each image into its respective text lines. By using the line-based version of our dataset, we trained a Convolutional Neural Network, equipped with a fragmentation-based augmentation strategy, and we achieved a mean absolute error of 54 years. The results improve further when the task is cast as a multi-class classification problem, predicting the century. Using our network, we computed precise date estimations for papyri whose date is disputed or vaguely defined, employing explainability to understand dating-driving features
List of manuscripts containing John Chrysostom's Homilies and the relevant manual transcriptions
No full textThis dataset consists of a list of all manuscripts (in the form of a .csv file) used as data in experiments with HTR training via Transkribus. The manuscripts are dated between the 10th-14th centuries and transmit John Chrysostom’s Homilies on St. Paul’s Epistles to Titus. Homilies 1 and 5 were exploited for the training process. In addition, 19 XML source files are provided in the TEI standards format, which contains a sample of the manual transcription used as ground truth data for training HTR models.
Specifically, the sample_dataset_chrysostomus_ad-titum.csv file includes the following columns:
Sigla: a capital letter used in critical editions to refer to a specific manuscript in an abbreviated form.
Manuscripts: the name of each manuscript, containing the library and the catalogue number assigned to it.
Folia: the folia (i.e., pages) of each manuscript used in the experiments. A different sequence of folia from the same manuscript is recorded in a separate row of this file.
Ground truth data sample [file_name]: the file name of the TEI/XML files that correspond to each manuscript.
Image files: most digital reproductions of manuscripts are under some degree of copyright protection. So, instead of the image files, in this column, one can find a link to the relevant library's digital archive (if applicable)
Explaining the Chronological Attribution of Greek Papyri Images
No full textGreek literary papyri, which are unique witnesses of antique literature, do not usually bear a date. They are thus currently dated based on palaeographical methods, with broad approximations which often span more than a century. We created a dataset of 242 images of papyri written in “bookhand” scripts whose date can be securely assigned, and we used it to train machine and deep learning algorithms for the task of dating, showing its challenging nature. To address the data scarcity problem, we extended our dataset by segmenting each image to the respective text lines. By using the line-based version of our dataset, we trained a Convolutional Neural Network, equipped with a fragmentation-based augmentation strategy, and we achieved a mean absolute error of 54 years. The results improve further when the task is cast as a multiclass classification problem, predicting the century. Using our network, we computed and provided precise date estimations for papyri whose date is disputed or vaguely defined and we undertake an explainability-based analysis to facilitate future attribution
Preparing Big Manuscript Data for Hierarchical Clustering with Minimal HTR Training
No full textHTR (Handwritten Text Recognition) technologies have progressed enough to offer high-accuracy results in recognising handwritten documents, even on a synchronous level. Despite the state-of-the-art algorithms and software, historical documents (especially those written in Greek) remain a real-world challenge for researchers. A large number of unedited or under-edited works of Greek Literature (ancient or Byzantine, especially the latter) exist to this day due to the complexity of producing critical editions. To critically edit a literary text, scholars need to pinpoint text variations on several manuscripts, which requires fully (or at least partially) transcribed manuscripts. For a large manuscript tradition (i.e., a large number of manuscripts transmitting the same work), such a process can be a painstaking and time-consuming project. To that end, HTR algorithms that train AI models can significantly assist, even when not resulting in entirely accurate transcriptions. Deep learning models, though, require a quantum of data to be effective. This, in turn, intensifies the same problem: big (transcribed) data require heavy loads of manual transcriptions as training sets. In the absence of such transcriptions, this study experiments with training sets of various sizes to determine the minimum amount of manual transcription needed to produce usable results. HTR models are trained through the Transkribus platform on manuscripts from multiple works of a single Byzantine author, John Chrysostom. By gradually reducing the number of manually transcribed texts and by training mixed models from multiple manuscripts, economic transcriptions of large bodies of manuscripts (in the hundreds) can be achieved. Results of these experiments show that if the right combination of manuscripts is selected, and with the transfer-learning tools provided by Transkribus, the required training sets can be reduced by up to 80%. Certain peculiarities of Greek manuscripts, which lead to easy automated cleaning of resulting transcriptions, could further improve these results. The ultimate goal of these experiments is to produce a transcription with the minimum required accuracy (and therefore the minimum manual input) for text clustering. If we can accurately assess HTR learning and outcomes, we may find that less data could be enough. This case study proposes a solution for researching/editing authors and works that were popular enough to survive in hundreds (if not thousands) of manuscripts and are, therefore, unfeasible to be evaluated by humans
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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