1,720,980 research outputs found
Three factors which influence the course of domestication of marine species. A case study : the French abalone organic farming industry
No full textL’aquaculture des ormeaux (Haliotis spp.) fournit un bon cas étude des défis techniques, sociaux et environnementaux concernant l'introduction d’organismes marins nouvellement domestiqués sur le marché. En effet, l'élevage de l'ormeau a débuté au Japon au cours des années 1960 et, d'après la FAO (2012), est aujourd'hui l'une des industries aquacoles les plus dynamiques dans le monde. Pourtant, toutes les tentatives n'ont pas connues le même succès. Cette dissertation vise à comprendre les facteurs qui ont permis ou entravé le succès environnemental, social et technique de l’halioticulture, en mettant l'accent sur la France. Plus précisément, nous examinons trois grandes catégories de facteurs qui peuvent expliquer son évolution: - L'importance des facteurs socio-écologiques dans la gestion de la ressource en ormeaux - Les facteurs socioculturels qui étayent le statut de l'ormeau en tant que ressource éligible pour l'aquaculture. - Le rôle de la science dans l'industrialisation de l'élevage d'ormeaux.Abalone aquaculture (Haliotis spp.) or halioticulture provides a good case study of the technical, social and environmental challenges of introducing newly domesticated marine organisms into the market. Abalone farming began in Japan in the 1960s and, according to FAO (2012), is now one of the most dynamic aquaculture industries in the world. Yet all attempts have not met with the same success. This essay aims to understand the factors that have allowed or hindered the environmental, social and technical success of halioticulture, with an emphasis on France.More specifically, we examine three main categories of factors that may explain its evolution:- The importance of socio-ecological factors in the management of abalone resource.- Socio-cultural factors that support the status of the abalone as an eligible resource for aquaculture.- The role of science in the industrialization of abalone farming
Les solutions fondées sur les écosystèmes côtiers pour l’atténuation et l’adaptation au changement climatique dans les politiques publiques nationales des Petits États insulaires en développement du Pacifique
No full textLes solutions fondées sur les écosystèmes côtiers, telles que la conservation ou la restauration des mangroves, des herbiers et des récifs coralliens, sont de plus en plus reconnues par les communautés scientifiques et politiques comme des actions pertinentes pour l’atténuation et l’adaptation au changement climatique. Cependant, leur mise en oeuvre se heurte à des contraintes techniques, financières et institutionnelles dans les Petits États insulaires en développement du Pacifique (PEIDP), qui comptent parmi les pays les plus vulnérables aux changements climatiques et à la dégradation de la nature. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont (i) de comprendre comment les PEIDP incluent les solutions fondées sur les écosystèmes côtiers dans leurs politiques nationales, en particulier dans le cadre de l’Accord de Paris ; et (ii) d’examiner la pertinence pour les PEIDP d’outils proposés pour concevoir des politiques publiques efficaces. Les résultats mettent en évidence une intégration croissante des solutions fondées sur les écosystèmes côtiers dans les politiques publiques des PEIDP. Nous identifions les potentiels inconvénients et opportunités liés à leur standardisation, en termes d'accès à des financements et de suivi de la mise en oeuvre. Nous étudions l'éventail des services écosystémiques côtiers dans les PEIDP et identifions des moyens d'améliorer leur évaluation. Enfin, une étude de cas dans une communauté côtière fidjienne recueille les perceptions locales et des propositions d'amélioration de la gestion côtière par le biais d'une sensibilisation et d'une coopération accrues entre les communautés, les autorités et la recherche.Coastal nature-based solutions (NbS), such as the conservation or restoration of mangroves, seagrasses and coral reefs, are increasingly recognized by science and policy as valuable actions for climate adaptation and mitigation. However, their implementation faces technical, financial and institutional constraints in the Pacific Small Island Developing States (PSIDS), which are among the most vulnerable countries to climate impacts and nature loss and degradation. This thesis aims at (i) understanding how PSIDS include coastal NbS in their national policies, in particular in the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) developed under the Paris Agreement; and (ii) examining the relevanc for PSIDS of tools promoted at the global level to design effective policies. Results highlight an increased integration of coastal NbS over time in the policies of PSIDS. We identify potential drawbacks and opportunities for coastal management provided by the standardization of NbS in NDCs, in terms of access to funding and progress tracking. We investigate the range of coastal ecosystem services in PSIDS and identify ways to improve their assessments to inform policy-making. Finally, a case study in a Fijian coastal community collects local perceptions and proposals for improving coastal management through increased awareness and cooperation between communities, authorities, and research
Signed Peer Reviews as a Means to Improve Scholarly Publishing
Get PDFPeer review is a necessary process with a long history of complaints, including over-solicitation of a small number of reviewers, delays, inadequate numbers of reviewers, and a lack of incentives to provide strong reviews or avoid reviews with little helpful information for the author. In the era of Web-based distribution of research, through working paper or project reports, anonymous peer reviews are much less likely. The Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics will use signed peer reviews and an open communication process among authors, reviewers, and editors. This approach, to be developed over time, should lead to stronger communication of research results for the Journal\u27s readers.
Lea el abstracto en españo
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Has the value of global marine and coastal ecosystem services changed?
No full textIn 1997, Robert Costanza and his colleagues published a groundbreaking study [1] that estimated the monetary value of the contribution of the world's ecosystems to human wellbeing. The methods used were cited as preliminary and received considerable criticism [2] and [3]. In two more recent peer-reviewed studies [4] and [5], the authors update the original estimates of ecosystem service value and find: (1) that original per area ecosystem service values were underestimated and (2) using these revised per area values, the total global value of ecosystem services has declined. Just under ninety-five percent of the estimated loss in ecosystem service value comes from revisions by the authors in the value estimates of marine ecosystem services. These revisions include additional per area value estimates of coral reefs and coastal wetlands that are many times the value of estimates used in the original analysis. The reasons cited by Costanza et al. for the increases in revised value estimates are examined and rejected. The data are found to be insufficient for a rigorous estimate of the global value of marine ecosystems services
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
