1,720,965 research outputs found
Locally Acting Factors in Mouse Models of Wound Healing and Papilloma Formation in Skin
Get PDFIho on ihmisen ulkoinen suojakuori ja siksi muita elimiä herkempi vaurioitumaan. Tämä väitöstutkimus käsittelee ihohaavoja ja ihon okasolusyövän esiastemuutoksia. Vaurioiden ilmaannuttua elimistö pyrkii korjaamaan tilanteen, mutta onnistuu yleensä vain osittain. Hoitamattomat esiastemuutokset kehittyvät usein syöviksi, eivätkä arvet vastaa ominaisuuksiltaan haavoittumatonta ihoa.
Lääkkeiden annostelu paikallisesti eli suoraan iholle on helppoa ja siksi suosittua. Sivuvaikutusten riski muissa elimissä on pienempi kuin systeemisesti annosteltaessa, mutta lääkeaineen jakautuminen ihon kerroksiin on usein epätasaista.
Tämän väitöstutkimuksen tärkeimmät tavoitteet ovat kehittää uusia, paikallisesti vaikuttavia ihohaavan paranemista edistäviä menetelmiä sekä ymmärtää paremmin okasolusyövän esiasteiden kehittymistä. Tutkimuksen tulokset on julkaistu neljässä tieteellisessä artikkelissa. Ensimmäisen artikkelin tulos on, että hiilihappoanhydraasi VI ei edistä ihohaavojen paranemista. Toinen artikkeli osoittaa, että kun viimeinen aminohappo poistetaan ihohaavaan hakeutuvasta peptidistä, CRKsta, syntyy uusi peptidi, joka hakeutuu ja tunkeutuu sekä ihohaavoihin että normaaliin ihoon. Uudesta peptidistä, tCRKsta, ja dekoriini-nimisestä proteiinista koostuva rekombinanttiproteiini käyttää neuropiliini-1-välitteistä reittiä soluihin tunkeutuessaan.
Kolmas ja neljäs artikkeli keskittyvät kaksivaiheiseen karsinogeneesimalliin, jonka avulla on mahdollista tutkia okasolusyöpien esiastemuutosten syntyä ja kehitystä. Malli kuvataan yksityiskohtaisesti kolmannessa artikkelissa. Neljännessä artikkelissa käytetään karsinogeneesimallia interleukiinien 4 ja 13 signaloinnin tutkimiseen. Neljännen artikkelin päätulos on, että interleukiini-13:n reseptoriketju alfa yhden puutos lisää esiastemuutosten kehittymistä hiiren ihossa.
Tämän väitöstutkimuksen tulosten perusteella hiilihappoanhydraasi VI:sta ei todennäköisesti tule ihohaavoja parantavaa lääkettä, mutta tCRK-peptidiä kannattaa kehittää eteenpäin. Tulokset karsinogeneesimallista saattavat tarkoittaa, että interleukiinien 4 ja 13 toimintaa estävien lääkkeiden käyttö lisää syöpäriskiä. Tarkempien johtopäätösten tekemiseen tarvitaan lisätutkimuksia ja epidemiologista seurantaa, koska tämä tutkimus on tehty hiirimallissa.Skin covers the human body almost completely and is thus exposed to environmental hazards. This dissertation studies skin wounds and premalignant lesions of cutaneous squamous cell cancer. The body has mechanisms to combat both, but the mechanisms are imperfect. Premalignant lesions tend to progress, and scars have weaker mechanical characteristics than unwounded skin.
Many current treatments for skin problems are locally applied since skin is easily accessible. Despite the clear advantages, such as the avoidance of systemic side effects, local treatments have disadvantages like uneven distribution in the skin.
This dissertation has two main purposes: Firstly, to develop new, locally acting therapeutics to improve wound healing. Secondly, to understand better the mechanisms behind the development of premalignant lesions of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. The results of the study are available in four publications. The first publication demonstrates that carbonic anhydrase VI does not accelerate skin wound healing. The second publication shows that removing the last amino acid from the end of a skin wound-homing peptide, CRK, creates a new peptide with homing and penetration ability to skin wounds and unwounded skin. A recombinant protein containing this new peptide, tCRK, and a protein called decorin uses neuropilin-1-mediated pathway to enter cells.
The third and fourth publication concentrate on a two-stage carcinogenesis model that can be used to study the premalignant lesions of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. The method is described in detail on the third publication. In the fourth publication, the two-stage carcinogenesis model is used to study the signaling of interleukins 4 and 13. Fourth publication shows that interleukin-13 receptor chain alpha 1 deficiency increases the premalignant lesion formation.
Based on the results of the dissertation, carbonic anhydrase VI is unlikely to become a skin therapeutic in the future. However, further development of tCRK peptide is encouraged. The results also raise a question of the safety of long-term usage of therapeutics blocking interleukin-4 and intetleukin-13 signaling. As the results of the dissertation have been obtained from mouse models, further research and epidemiological follow-up are needed to see if the same phenomena exist in humans
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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