1,720,998 research outputs found
Creativity and Parkinson’s Disease
No full textThe study of creativity, located at the crossroads of cognitive, neurological and psychological processes, is complex and requires a pluridisciplinary and multimodal approach. Parkinson’s disease (PD) enables us to look at creativity under a new perspective and contributes to a better understanding of the neuronal mechanisms and pathways underlying creative behaviour. Patient’s case reports provide an insight into possible changes in creative behaviour in the course of the disease and how it is influenced by neuropsychiatric symptoms like impulse control disorders or apathy. A potential link to hallucinations is also suggested based on a phenomenon called pareidolia, which is currently explored using a task evoking illusory perception of patterns in natural landscapes and structures. Furthermore, the changes in creative behaviour, modulated by dopaminergic medication and deep brain stimulation, two main treatment forms of PD, are recently of particular interest in literature. It is mainly assumed that an increase in medication intake leads to an exacerbation, while a reduction of intake, for instance after a deep brain stimulation surgery, shows a decrease of creative behaviour. The use of neuropsychological assessments, using different well established and also newer tasks, have also become increasingly significant to further explore relevant cognitive processes, such as divergent thinking or fluency
Where Do Artists Come From? A Review of the ‘Typical’ Visually Creative Life and Artistic Brain as a Basis for Discussing Neurodivergence or Neurodegenerative Change
No full textFor a book devoted to the overlap of visual art making and creativity with the putatively changing brain, it makes sense to talk about what we know of the typical artist and the artistic brain. What are the regions of interest—in fact, are there any—that can be connected to the specific production of art? Are there any particular areas or neurobiological aspects that show differences between more or less successful artists? What, thinking more broadly, techniques, perceptual abilities, cognitive processes, or cultural or life factors may contribute to shaping artistic production and development? What, so to speak, makes an artist? And, returning to the aim of this book itself, might we find some overlap when considering the changing circumstances—be they behavioral or biological—in neurodegenerative disorders? In this chapter, we review these topics, providing a walk-through of the present state of knowledge on art making, as it relates to the brain, but also considering theories and factors underpinning artistic production as well as current arguments on specific factors that may contribute to making art and relatively more successful artists. This is geared primarily at the researcher interested in artistic creativity and/or neurodegeneration but who may not be well-versed in current empirical art study. By putting this collection of findings together, however, it is also our hope that this chapter will be of use to a broader audience and serve as a guide and a set of sign-posts and ideas to navigate the discussions throughout this book
The Contribution of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation to the Study of the Neural Bases of Creativity and Aesthetic Experience
No full textNon-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), are widely employed in cognitive neuroscience to identify causal links between specific brain structures supporting sensory, motor, cognitive and affective functions. During the last decade, NIBS techniques have been increasingly applied to the study of the neural basis of creative thinking and aesthetic perception and appreciation. The present chapter offers an overview of mechanisms of actions of TMS and different types of tES and considers recent studies applying these techniques to shed light on the neural underpinning mediating creativity and the emergence of aesthetic experience. Available findings suggest the existence of some areas of overlap between the neural correlates of creativity and aesthetic experience mainly within prefrontal and parietal cortices (core nodes of the executive control and default mode networks); however, sensorimotor regions and low-level visual areas seem to be selectively dedicated to aesthetic experience of visual stimuli. In the concluding part, we consider current limitations and challenges in using NIBS and suggest future avenues for scientific exploration within these fields to fully exploit the great potential of brain stimulation to the study of the neural bases of creativity and aesthetic experiences
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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