1,720,955 research outputs found
Maakotkan elinympäristövaatimusten mallintaminen Keski-Suomessa
No full textMaakotka (Aquila chrysaetos) on Suomessa erityisesti suojeltava ja vaarantunut
petolintulaji. Lajia pidetään hyvänä luonnonmukaisen ekosysteemin
indikaattorina, koska se vaatii laajan ja monimuotoisen reviirin. Suomen
maakotkakannasta suurin osa (n. 80 %) keskittyy Pohjois-Suomeen, ja tämän takia
lajin elinympäristön suojeleminen myös Keski-Suomessa on tärkeää. Suuri uhka
lajille tällä hetkellä on tuulivoima. Tuulivoimalahankkeet ovat yleistyneet mm.
uusiutuvan energian tarpeen, ja tuulivoiman hyvän sähkön tuottavuuden takia.
Tuulivoimaloita rakennetaan usein kauas asutuksesta luonnonmukaiselle
syrjäseudulle, josta syntyy kaavoituskonflikteja luonnonsuojelun ja
energiantuotannon välille. Tutkielman tavoitteena oli mallintaa maakotkille sopivia
elinympäristöjä Keski-Suomessa maksimientropiamallinnuksen ja
reviirimallinnuksen (resurssienvalintafunktion) avulla, jotta tulevaisuudessa
voitaisiin välttää tuulivoimapuistoja näillä alueilla. Ympäristömuuttujia avoimista
lähteistä käytettiin ennustamaan lajille sopivaa elinympäristöä jo tiedettyjen lajin
pesäpaikkojen avulla. Maksimientropiamallinnuksen avulla pystyttiin erottamaan
lajille sopivia elinympäristöjä Keski-Suomessa. Lisäksi tutkittiin maakotkien
reviirienkäytönastetta kirjallisuudessa käytetyllä reviirimallilla. Näin voitiin erottaa
myös aktiivisesti käytetty ydinreviiri, tunnettujen pesien ympäriltä. Yhdessä nämä
tulokset antoivat selkeän kuvan maakotkien tämänhetkisistä ja potentiaalisista
elinympäristöistä Keski-Suomessa. Lisäksi tuloksissa korostui
tuulivoimahankkeiden sijoittuminen usein maakotkille sopivaan elinympäristöön.
Tutkielman tulosta voidaan soveltaa mm. maakuntakaavan laatimisessa, uusien
tekopesien pystytyksessä ja muissa lajin suojelutoimissa. Toivottavasti
tutkimustulokset edesauttavat maakotkien elinympäristöjen huomioimista, ja
helpottavat kuntia ja tuulivoimatoimijoita sopivien hankealueiden määrittämisessä
Keski-Suomessa.Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) is a top-tier predatory bird that functions as a good
indicator species of the ecosystem state. Golden eagle requires a large home range
for hunting and nesting; therefore, they are often short for space. In Finland, most
of the golden eagle population is focussed on Northern Finland (approx. 80 %),
thereby it is even more important to conserve the species habitat in Central Finland.
Due to pressures for clean energy, wind power plants are becoming more popular
in rural areas. This often leads to conflicts regarding land use, for either nature
conservation or for clean energy production. The aim of this study was to use
species distribution modelling to discover areas of high suitability for the species,
so that in the future these areas could be avoided by wind park projects. The
environmental data was from public sources and the nesting data was provided by
Central Finland Centre for Economic Development (ELY Centre). The methods
were based on predicting potential habitat by the values exhibited in the known
species locations. With maximum entropy species distribution modelling we could
detect potential species habitat and nesting sites. Also, with resource selection
function modelling we could detect active areas near the nest that the existing
golden eagle pairs used frequently. Together these results gave a good idea of the
most crucial areas to the species currently, and of the potential areas for species
distribution in future. In the results we also demonstrated some of the current
conflicts for space, as there were already wind power plans in golden eagle areas of
high suitability and use. The goal is that the study results will be used to e.g. guide
wind power county zoning and provide locations for new man-made nests.
Hopefully, by allocating areas more specifically, we can avoid wind power planning
in unsuitable areas and be more considerate of golden eagle habitats.unknown accessibilityei tietoa saavutettavuudest
MOSFET-transistorin vaihtoehtoiset materiaalit ja tekniikat
No full textMOSFET eli metallioksidi-puolijohdekanavatransistori (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) on puolijohteisiin perustuva kytkimenä toimiva komponentti. Pii-MOSFET on ylivoimaisesti yleisin transistorityyppi. Nykyelektroniikassa
käytetyt transistorit ovat lähes poikkeuksetta MOSFETeja.
Transistorien kehittämisessä ollaan kiinnostuneita niiden tehokkuuden ja toimintaalueen parantamisesesta sekä tuotantokustannusten laskemisesta. Pii-MOSFETin
kehittämistä rajoittavat sen materiaalit, rakenne ja tekniikka. MOSFETin toimintaaluetta on mahdollista parantaa vaihtoehtoisilla puolijohdemateriaaleilla. Transistorien tehokkuuden parantaminen ja tuotantokustannusten laskeminen kuitenkin vaatii transistorin rakenteen ja tekniikan muuttamista, koska MOSFETin teoreettinen
maksimitehokkuus on likimain saavutettu.
Tässä tutkielmassa perehdytään transistorien kehitykseen, MOSFETin toimintaperiaattesseen sekä esitellään joitakin tärkeimpiä MOSFETin vaihtoehtoisia puolijohdemateriaaleja ja kanavatransistorin tekniikoita
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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