1,720,965 research outputs found
Idiosyncrasies, Forms of Work, and Capital: The Operational Context of Civic Data
No full textSuccessfully making civic datasets accessible to communities involves more than hosting them on a website. There are entire infrastructures that need to be aligned to ensure that those who need these datasets can access them in a timely, usable, and efficient manner. In this article, I use interviews and data ethnographies to unpack the operational context of a community’s civic data. This operational context I describe includes the data idiosyncrasies, forms of work, and capital that I engaged with during the data infrastructuring process. Such an operational context, as Loukissas argues, is a consequence of the settings from which data are extracted, is required to better understand the shortcomings in the data, and can help us draw more accurate conclusions from them. This article serves as a reminder of how data are never raw but are determined by the politics of data economy in which they operate. Such data are bound to the context from which they are generated, where meaning is negotiated by the multiple sociotechnical elements involved. Overall, this article contributes to scholarship about data infrastructures in the field of CSCW and the work that goes into operationalizing them
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Developing a recovery playbook for Muslim Americans experiencing substance use disorders
Full text linkSubstance use in the Muslim American community presents distinct challenges influenced by cultural, religious, and social factors. Research shows that while Muslim Americans generally report lower substance use compared to the general population, the pressures of acculturation and navigating dual identities can increase the likelihood of substance use. One study found that 46.6% of Muslim American college students reported alcohol use in the past year, with religiosity and parental disapproval serving as protective factors. Furthermore, qualitative studies indicate that substance use is often kept hidden due to the stigma within Muslim American communities.
Addressing these issues requires culturally sensitive prevention and treatment programs that consider the diverse backgrounds and needs of Muslim Americans. The focus of this project was to design a participatory recovery resource guide, using a critical design approach, to support Muslim Americans across various cities in their recovery journeys. The design process was informed by 15 interviews with community organizers, health workers, imams, and spiritual healers from cities throughout the US. These individuals had experience offering recovery services to the Muslim American community, with some having personally gone through the recovery process. The design team then hosted two online workshops with seven of the interviewees to collaborate on the format and content of the resource guide
All data are human: The human infrastructure of civic data
No full textThis dissertation is grounded in issues related to the publicizing of data, which include issues of equitable access, interpretation and use. By engaging with scholarship from Human Computer Interaction and Science and Technology Studies, I contribute to a better understand of the local values and infrastructural arrangements that are required to build, use and maintain equitable data infrastructures that would enable marginalized communities to benefit from the publicizing of data through dashboards. I do this by taking a participatory design based anthropological approach in which I collaborate with local community leaders in order to foreground their needs and values when reimagining their civic data infrastructure.
Doing so led me to identify the key elements of the human infrastructure that need to be considered when designing civic data infrastructures with resource constrained communities. Bringing these elements of the human infrastructure together and reflecting on how my role as a design researcher changed during the scope of this project, I argue that all data are human, and the way we do justice to them is by identifying and building relationships between the human elements of the civic data infrastructures that we are trying to build. This implies that we focus on identifying the human actors that are crucial to these civic data infrastructures, strengthen their working relationships and prioritize their values and needs by including them in our infrastructuring efforts. I hope this dissertation helps researchers and practitioners move beyond the mere publicizing of data as a strategy for data equity, but instead think about realigning the human elements of the underlying data infrastructure in order to empower communities.Ph.D
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Data dashboards as infrastructures for data literacy
No full textCommunity indicator data dashboards are a class of free, publicly accessible websites, usually built by city administrations or non-profits to help a community monitor or keep track of issues that are of common concern. Such dashboards typically contain data about a community's demographics, education, health, public safety, workforce, transportation etc. and are designed to be as intuitive and straightforward as possible, so their insights are accessible to novice as well as expert users. For certain communities though, this vision of data availability, access and analysis is hindered by numerous barriers which have led to widening the gap between the data have's and the have nots. A lack of data literacy is one such barrier that prevents certain underserved communities from participating in this data revolution. My research is concerned with taking an infrastructural approach to operationalizing a data literacy program for leaders within such communities, in a way that will reveal the various socio-technical factors that are critical to the creation, conceptualization and use of data dash-boards. Knowledge of these socio-technical factors will, I hope, lead to more critically informed use of the dashboard's data for advocacy and other civic purposes
The Human Infrastructure of Civic Data: A Taxonomy for Participatory Infrastructuring of Civic Data
No full textAs data becomes available online, it often remains inaccessible to marginalized communities where the resources, skills, and knowledge required to access and use such data are unevenly distributed. To make data more accessible to one such marginalized community in Atlanta’s Westside neighborhood, I participated in infrastructuring their civic data using city commons framework developed by Balestrini et al. This process involved three steps: taking a design based ethnographic approach to investigate a data dashboard, organizing data literacy workshops, and reimagining what a community-owned and operated form of data infrastructure would look like. My three-step process led me to identify the human infrastructure, which includes the individuals, organizations, values, needs, resources, and capital needed to do the work of infrastructuring civic data. I organize these elements of the human infrastructure into a taxonomy I call the Human Infrastructure of Civic Data (HICD). The HICD builds on the city commons framework and offers the CSCW community a taxonomy that can be used to identify the human infrastructure within communities and engage them in infrastructuring their civic data
Designing a recovery playbook for Muslim Americans experiencing substance use disorders
No full textSubstance use disorders (SUDs) within the Muslim American community presents unique challenges influenced by cultural, religious, and social factors. Research indicates that SUDs are often hidden within Muslim communities due to the stigma surrounding them. Addressing SUDs requires culturally sensitive prevention and treatment programs that consider the diverse backgrounds and specific needs of Muslim Americans. The goal with this Lab was to create a recovery playbook that can guide Muslim communities in their journey through recovery. This playbook was based on the feedback we received from two online workshops with seven participants from across the US. Doing a thematic analysis of the data we gathered from these workshops led us to identify the resources that are available as well as the barriers that Muslim communities face in their recovery journey. This article documents the process through which we designed and developed the playbook which we hope will serve as a personal companion to anyone interested in aligning their recovery journey with their Islamic values
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