328 research outputs found
A year into the pandemic:shifts, improvisations and impacts for people, place, and policy
Get PDFThis chapter provides an overarching framework for exploring the relationships between people, place and policy and living with the COVID-19 pandemic. It recognises that these three Ps are interdependent; people are embedded in places and local and national policy is developed and applied to places. The chapter starts by exploring the debate on risk societies, non-calculable uncertainty, and the emergence of Jenga capitalism as a precursor for exploring the impacts of Covid-19. It then explores the relationship between globalisation and disease, before outlining national responses to COVID-19, including the emergence of socially distanced economies. The chapter also considers some dimensions of life after the pandemic, including a discussion of the impacts on policy and taxation. In so doing, the Chapter highlights Covid-19 as a cultural inflection point. The Chapter concludes by providing an outline of the contributions to the edited collection of the same name, to which this chapter forms the introduction
Author Co-Citation Analysis (ACA): a powerful tool for representing implicit knowledge of scholar knowledge workers
Get PDFIn the last decade, knowledge has emerged as one of the most important and valuable organizational assets. Gradually this importance caused to emergence of new discipline entitled ―knowledge management‖. However one of the major challenges of knowledge management is conversion implicit or tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge. Thus Making knowledge visible so that it can be better accessed, discussed, valued or generally managed is a long-standing objective in knowledge management. Accordingly in this paper author co- citation analysis (ACA) will be proposed as an efficient technique of knowledge visualization in academia (Scholar knowledge workers)
What Voice Do British Workers Want?
Get PDFThe problems/need for representation and participation reported by workers vary across workplaces and by types of jobs. Workers with greater workplace needs are more desirous of unions but their preferences are fine-grained. Workers want unions to negotiate wages and work conditions and for protection but do not see unions as helping them progress in their careers. Many workers see no major workplace problems that would impel them to form or join unions. Unionism raises reported problems while firm-based non-union channels of voice reduce reported problems, but unions that work effectively with management and those that have sufficient strength to be taken seriously by management reduce the number of problems at union workplaces.trades unions, worker voice, employment relations
Car Hacking: Accessing and Exploiting the CAN Bus Protocol
Get PDFWith the rapid adoption of internet-connected and driver-assist technologies, and the spread of semi-autonomous to self-driving cars on roads worldwide, cybersecurity for smart cars is a timely concern and one worth exploring both in the classroom and in the real world. Highly publicized hacks against production cars, and a relatively small number of crashes involving autonomous vehicles, have brought the issue of securing smart cars to the forefront as a matter of public and individual safety, and the cybersecurity of these “data centers on wheels” is of greater concern than ever.
However, up to this point there has been a steep learning curve involved in applying cybersecurity research to car hacking. The purpose of this paper is to present a clear, step-by-step process for creating a car-hacking research workstation and to give faculty, students, and researchers the ability to implement car hacking in their own courses and lab environments. This article describes the integration of a module on car hacking into a semester-long ethical hacking cybersecurity course, including full installation and setup of all the open-source tools necessary to implement the hands-on labs in similar courses. This work demonstrates how to test an automobile for vulnerabilities involving replay attacks, and how to reverse-engineer CAN bus messages, using a combination of open-source tools and a commodity CAN-to-USB cable or wireless connector for under $100 (USD). Also provided are an introduction to the CAN (controller area network) bus in modern automobiles and a brief history of car hacking
Vaejovis sierrae Sissom & Graham & Donaldson & Robert W. Bryson 2016, new species
No full textVaejovis sierrae, new species (Fig. 2–20) Type data. Holotype male taken from near Rancho Las Margaritas, SE Mezquital, 23.31279°N, 104.30334°W (2724 m), Durango, Mexico on 18 July 2010 by R. W. Bryson, Jr. (CNAN). Paratypes. Four adult, two juvenile females with same data as holotype. Deposited as follows: two adult females (CNAN), one adult female, one juv. female (AMNH), one adult female, one juv. female (CAS). Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym named after Sierra Elizabeth Bryson, daughter of the last author. Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 1). Diagnosis. Vaejovis sierrae is most similar to V. montanus from several localities in Chihuahua. Vaejovis sierrae is a smaller species with the single male at 19.62 mm in total length and females (n = 6) ranging from 22.80–27.27 mm (males of V. montanus exceed 26 mm and four females measure more than 28 mm in length). Vaejovis sierrae has more slender pedipalps (chela length/width in the holotype male is 3.68 and in the paratype females 3.61–3.95), with poorly developed carinae and only the dorsal marginal and dorsointernal carinae with granulation; V. montanus has robust pedipalp chelae (chela length/width in the paratype male is 3.33 and in the paratype females 3.55–3.65), with well-developed granulose carinae. Vaejovis sierrae has only feeble granulation on the intercarinal spaces of metasomal segment V, whereas V. montanus has extensive granulation on these surfaces. The pedipalp patella bears a weak basal tubercle on the internal (prolateral) face in V. sierrae, but a strong tubercle in V. montanus. Lastly, the dorsolateral carinae of metasomal segments I–IV bear 0:0:0:1 (86%) or 0:0:1:1 (14%) setae (n = 14 carinae) in V. sierrae, whereas the counts are 0:0:1:1 (100%) in V. montanus (n = 10 carinae). Description. The following description is based on the holotype male. Coloration (Fig. 2–5). Carapace and tergites yellowish brown, with distinct pattern of dusky markings. Metasomal segments light orange brown; dorsal markings limited to posterior ends of carinae and small dark spots in dorsal intercarinal spaces; lateral fuscosity more extensive, associated with the carinae, setal pits, and intercarinal spaces; ventral fuscosity limited to carinae and setal pits; metasoma V with heavier fuscosity in posterior half. Telson orange brown with a few small lateral dusky spots; aculeus dark reddish brown. Cheliceral manus yellowish, dorsally with distal edge and movable finger bearing dusky markings; cheliceral teeth dark brown. Pedipalp femur and patella orange brown with small amounts of fuscosity located at or near trichobothrial setal pits. Pedipalp chela orange brown with fuscous spots surrounding trichobothria and setal pits and a band of fuscosity at distal end of manus which extends well onto fixed finger. Carinae of pedipalps and metasoma dark brown to reddish brown. Coxosternal region and sternites III–VI yellow brown, unmarked; sternite VII yellow brown with moderate fuscosity. Legs lighter yellow brown with strong fuscosity. Prosoma. Carapace length slightly greater than posterior width; ratio of carapace L/metasomal segment V length 0.91. Median ocular prominence slightly raised above carapacial surface. Anterior margin obtusely emarginate; median notch rounded. Carapace densely finely granular, with scattered coarse granulation associated with fuscous areas. Mesosoma. Median carina absent on I–II; on III–VI represented by faint granular ridges. Tergite VII with median carina present, weak on anterior half, granular; both pairs of lateral carinae strong, serratocrenulate. Pre-tergites densely finely granular; post-tergites densely, finely granular with scattered coarse granulation in fuscous areas. Pectinal teeth numbering 13/13. Sternite III with an anterior medial macroseta and a transverse, recurved row of four macrosetae near midsegment; sternites IV–VI with two macrosetae anterior to each book lung spiracle (lateral macroseta missing on right side of sternite IV) and a transverse, recurved row of four macrosetae near mid-segment; sternite VII with three pairs lateral setae (two of these on lateral carina) and one pair of medial setae; all five sternites with regularly spaced lateral and posterior marginal macrosetae. Sternite V with an inconspicuous medial pale patch along posterior margin; anterior edge of patch evenly convex. Sternites III–VII shagreened medially, with granulation laterally (stronger and more dense on posterior sternites). Sternite VII with one pair of moderate, granulose lateral carinae. Metasoma (Fig. 6). Segment I length/width ratio 0.75, III length/width ratio 1.04, V length/width ratio 2.32. Segments I–IV: Dorsolateral carinae strong, irregularly serratocrenulate; terminal denticles distinctly enlarged, spinoid. Lateral supramedian carina on I strong, serratocrenulate, on II–III strong, crenulate; terminal denticles enlarged, spinoid on I–III, flared on IV. Lateral inframedian carinae on I strong, complete, granulose; on II present on posterior one-half, stronger posteriorly, crenulate; on III present on posterior one-third, stronger posterior, crenulate; on IV absent. Ventrolateral carinae on I moderate, serratocrenulate; on II–IV strong, serratocrenulate. Ventral submedian carinae on I weak, crenulate; on II moderate, crenulate; on III–IV strong, crenulate. Intercarinal spaces densely, finely granular with a few scattered coarse granules in fuscous areas. Segment V: Dorsolateral carinae stronger anteriorly, granulose. Lateromedian carinae moderate basally, weak distally; present on anterior three-fourths, granulose. Ventrolateral and ventromedian carinae strong, serrate. Intercarinal surfaces densely finely granular, with a few coarse granules ventrally in fuscous areas. Metasomal I–IV carinal setation: dorsolaterals, 0/0:0/0:0/0:1/1; lateral supramedians, 0/0:1/1:1/1:2/2; lateral inframedians, 1/1:0/0:0/0:0/0; ventrolaterals, 2/2:3/2:2/2:3/3; ventral submedians, 3/3:3/3:3/3:4/3; ventromedian intercarinal spaces lacking accessory setae. Setation of metasomal segment V: dorsolaterals, 3/3; lateromedians, 2/2; ventrolaterals, 4/4; ventromedians, 1/1 + 2/2. Telson (Fig. 6). Moderately slender, distinctly narrower than metasoma V and with length/depth ratio 2.39. Dorsal surface of telson with a distinct pale, elongate oval depression. Underside of vesicle with eight pairs of macrosetae and several smaller paired setae, especially at the base. Ventral aspect of telson with sparse, scattered granulation. Chelicera. Movable finger dorsally with one large distal tine, one smaller subdistal tine (two on left side, with distalmost arising from distal tine), one large medial tine, and one small basal tine. Ventral margin of cheliceral movable finger with well-developed serrula. Pedipalp. Trichobothrial pattern, Type C, orthobothriotaxic (Fig. 7–15). Femur (Fig. 7): length/width ratio 2.92. Tetracarinate: dorsointernal carina moderate, irregularly crenulate; dorsoexternal carinae moderate, granulose; ventrointernal carina strong, crenulate; ventroexternal carina weak, granular. All faces densely, finely granular; internal face additionally with about 20 larger, irregularly-spaced, rounded granules. Internal face with one supramedial macroseta and three inframedial macrosetae; external face with two medial macrosetae. Patella (Fig. 8–10). Length/width ratio 2.57. Pentacarinate. Dorsointernal carina moderate, irregularly crenulate; internomedian carina oblique, moderate, granulose, without pronounced basal tubercle; ventrointernal carina moderate, serrate; dorsoexternal and ventroexternal carinae moderate, granular. All faces densely, finely granular. Internal face with two supramedial and two inframedial macrosetae. Chela (Fig. 11–15). Dorsal marginal carina weak, with a few small granules distally; dorsal secondary, digital, and external secondary carinae represented by faint, smooth, rounded ridges; dorsointernal carina weak, with several medium-sized granules; ventrointernal carina weak, with a few small granules; ventromedian and ventroexternal carinae absent. Intercarinal surfaces shagreened, with a few coarse granules at base of fixed finger. Dentate margin of fixed finger with primary denticle row divided into six subrows by five enlarged denticles; six inner accessory denticles (Fig. 14). Dentate margin of movable finger with primary row divided into six subrows by five enlarged denticles; apical subrow consisting of a single denticle; six inner accessory denticles (Fig. 15). Dentate margins of chela fingers straight in lateral profile. Chela length/width ratio 3.68; fixed finger length/carapace length ratio 0.66. Leg. Telotarsus III with ventromedian spinule row terminating between a single pair of enlarged spinules; thirteen macrosetae (excluding superoterminal landmark macroseta) as follows (L/R): ri 1/1, rid 1/1, rit 1/1, rm 1/1, rmt 1/1, rs 1/1, rst 1/1, pi 1/1, pid 1/1, pit 1/1, pm 1/1, pmt 1/1, pst 1/1. Hemispermatophore (Fig. 16–20). Lamelliform with strong dorsal crest on distal lamina extending approximately one-third the length of the blade; distal lamina with basal constriction, widening at middle, and distinctly tapering distally. Two dorsal “hooks” positioned just above the dorsal trough, with ectal hook distinctly larger. Ventral capsular area with a flat, rounded plate bearing a sharp prong which projects ectally. Measurements of Male Holotype (mm). Total L (additive), 19.62; carapace L, 2.58; mesosoma L, 6.25; metasoma L (additive), 8.14; telson L, 2.65 (missing aculeus tip). Metasomal segments: I L/W, 1.07/1.43; II L/W, 1.22/1.38; III L/W, 1.33/1.35; IV L/W, 1.68/1.28; V L/W, 2.83/1.22. Telson: vesicle L/W/D, 1.84/0.97/0.77; aculeus L, 0.82 (tip broken off). Pedipalps: femur L/W, 2.07/0.71; patella L/W, 2.24/0.87; chela L/W/D, 3.57/0.97/1.02; fixed finger L, 1.71; movable finger L, 2.14; palm (underhand) L, 1.63. Measurements of Female Paratype (mm). Total L (additive), 22.52; carapace L, 3.08; mesosoma L, 7.40; metasoma L (additive), 9.00; telson L, 3.06. Metasomal segments: I L/W, 1.17/1.73; II L/W, 1.38/1.63; III L/W, 1.45/1.56; IV L/W, 1.94/1.53; V L/W, 3.06/1.48. Telson: vesicle L/W/D, 1.94/1.07/0.87; aculeus L, 1.12. Pedipalps: femur L/W, 2.30/0.79; patella L/W, 2.45/0.97; chela L/W/D, 3.99/1.01/1.02; fixed finger L, 1.99; movable finger L, 2.50; palm (underhand) L, 1.66. Variation. The six female specimens exhibited pectinal tooth counts as follows: three combs with 12 teeth, six combs with 13 teeth, two combs with 14 teeth, and one damaged. Four of the seven specimens available had six inner accessory denticles on the chela movable finger, one had six on the right side and seven on the left, and two had seven on both fingers. The cheliceral movable finger in all specimens except the holotype has two subdistal teeth, but in almost all cases, the distalmost of the two actually arises from the posterior edge of the larger distal tine. There was no observed variation in the numbers of macrosetae on the pedipalpal femur (internal supramedials and inframedials; external medians) and patella (internal supramedians and inframedians). There was some variation in metasomal segments I–IV setal counts (n = 14 carinae), as follows: dorsolaterals, 0:0:0:1 (n = 12; 86%), 0:0:1:1 (n = 2; 14%); lateral supramedians, 0:1:1:2 (100%); lateral inframedians, 1:0:0:0 (n = 9; 64%), 1:0:0:1 (n = 3; 21%), 1:0:1:1 (n = 1; 14%), 1:0:1:0 (n = 1; 14%); ventrolaterals, 2:2:2:3 (n = 8; 57%), 2:2:3:3 (n = 2; 28%), 2:2:2:4 (n = 2; 28%), 2:2:2:3 (n = 2; 14%), 2:3:3:2 (n = 1; 14%); and ventral submedians I-IV, 3:3:3:3 (n = 11; 79%), 3:3:3:4 (n = 3; 21%). For segment V, all specimens had three dorsolaterals, 2 lateromedians, and four ventrolaterals; the ventromedian carinae bore 2+2 (n = 9; 64%) or 1+2 macrosetae (n = 5; 36%). Comments. The dorsal surface of the telson of the male holotype bears an oval-shaped excavation in the position often occupied by telson glands in other vaejovids. However, this particular feature is very unusual, and because it is limited to a single observation, it is unclear whether it represents an aberration or a true character that might have taxonomic value.Published as part of Sissom, W. David, Graham, Matthew R., Donaldson, Taylor G. & Robert W. Bryson, Jr., 2016, Two new Vaejovis C. L. Koch 1836 from highlands of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Durango, Mexico (Scorpiones, Vaejovidae), pp. 1-14 in Insecta Mundi 2016 (477) on pages 2-5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.517057
How Does Innovation Affect Worker Well-being?
Get PDFWe explore the effects of management innovations on worker well-being using private sector linked employer-employee data for Britain. We find management innovations are associated with lower worker well-being and lower job satisfaction, an effect which becomes more pronounced when we account for the endogeneity of innovation. This is the case for three different count measures of innovation - a global measure of innovation and measures for labour innovations and capital innovations. The effects are ameliorated when workers are covered by a collective bargaining agreement.innovation, well-being, job satisfaction, trade unions
Sceloporus dixoni Bryson & Grummer & Connors & Tirpak & Mccormack & Klicka 2021, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Sceloporus dixoni</i> sp. nov. Bryson & Grummer <p>Figs. 4–5, Tables 3–4</p> <p> <i>Sceloporus aeneus</i> – Duellman 1965 (in part)</p> <p> <i>Sceloporus aeneus</i> – Thomas & Dixon 1976 (in part)</p> <p> <i>Sceloporus aeneus</i> – Benabib <i>et al</i>. 1997 (in part)</p> <p> <i>Sceloporus aeneus aeneus</i> – Smith 1937 (in part)</p> <p> <i>Sceloporus aeneus aeneus</i> – Smith 1939 (in part)</p> <p> <i>Sceloporus aeneus aeneus</i> – Schmidt & Shannon 1947</p> <p> <i>Sceloporus aeneus aeneus</i> – Duellman 1961 (in part)</p> <p> <i>Sceloporus aeneus aeneus</i> – Mink <i>et al</i>. 1996 (in part)</p> <p> <i>Sceloporus aeneus subniger</i> – Smith <i>et al</i>. 1993 (in part)</p> <p> <i>Sceloporus aeneus subniger</i> – Bryson <i>et al</i>. 2012 (in part)</p> <p> <i>Sceloporus subniger</i> – Grummer <i>et al</i>. 2014 (in part)</p> <p> <b>Holotype:</b> Adult male, UTA 61714 (field number RWB 0649), from Nevado de Colima, 13.5 mi W Cd. Guzmán, municipality of San Gabriel, Jalisco (N 19.6427°, W 103.6236°, 2375 m; WGS84); collected 24 June 2006 by R. W. Bryson Jr.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes:</b> same data as holotype (MZFC 22053, 22054; UTA 61713, 61715–61716). Michoacán: 11.7 mi W Zacapu on rd to Zamora (MZFC 22055, 22056; UTA 61699–61702). 22 km N Uruapan on Hwy 37 (UTA 61703, 61704).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Sceloporus dixoni</i> is a member of the <i>S. scalaris</i> group, sharing with other species in this group parallel lateral scale rows, femoral pore series that are either in contact or separated by no more than two scales, females with smooth preanal scales, and males with lateral abdominal color patches (Smith 1939; Smith <i>et al</i>. 1997; Watkins-Cowell <i>et al</i>. 2006). <i>Sceloporus dixoni</i> can be distinguished from other species in this group by the following combination of characters: single canthal on each side of the head, small adult size (maximum SVL = 54 mm, average 47.1 mm), 37–45 dorsal scales (average 41), 37–43 scales around midbody (average 40), 32–39 ventral scales (average 35), tibia length/head length proportion of 0.76–0.94 (average 0.86), 4–5 supralabial scales (mode of 5), 12–18 scales bordering the interpariatel scale (average 15), 31–36 femoral pores in males (average 34), adult females with lightly mottled venters, and adult males with extensive dark pigment on the venter, heavily mottled throats, and orange or rust-colored flanks.</p> <p> <b>Description of holotype.</b> Adult male (Fig. 4). SVL = 53 mm, total length including tail = 124 mm. Head length = 10.16 mm. Tibia length = 9 mm. Entire hind limb length (including fourth toe) = 21 mm. Forelimb length = 10.6 mm. Dorsal head scales keeled with smooth margins. Four internasal scales about twice as high as wide. Canthals 1-1. Loreals 1-1. Supralabials 5-5. Infralabials 6-6. Postnasals 3-2. Preoculars 1-1, with strong transverse keel on dorsal portion. Three frontonasals, each with>3 ridges. Three prefrontals, two large lateral ones (each with three ridges) and one small medial one with a single ridge. Frontal trapezoidal, with a medial depression and ridges on lateral portions. Frontoparietals 1-1. Parietals 2-1. Lorilabial rows 2-2. Dorsal scales triangular, keeled; about 75% of them possessing a spiny distal projection. Dorsal scale margins smooth (not serrate), transparent. Forty dorsal scales. Forty scales around midbody. Ventral scales rounded with a notch at posterior apex.</p> <p> <b>Color in preservative.</b> Dorsal and lateral surface of head medium brown. Suboculars, loreals, canthals, and labiomentals white. Throat dark blue/black with about 10 light-colored scales scattered across gular region. Dorsum medium brown, patternless. Lateral areas of body light brown and turquoise. Venter dark with turquoise in posteromedial portion, slightly less melanized near intersection with hind limbs. Dorsal surface of tail medium brown, patternless, turning to light brown towards tail tip; ventral surface cream. Forelimbs same ground color as dorsum; elbows and forearms with turquoise scales. Hindlimbs same color as dorsum.</p> <p> <b>Variation.</b> Variation in meristic and mensural characters of male and female paratypes is summarized in Tables 3–4. All males have heavily mottled throats; in several, the mottling is so dense that the ventral surface of the head appears almost entirely black, as seen in the holotype. Ventral surfaces of males are similarly dark in preservative; in some, a pale-colored patch extends midventrally from about the intersection of the hindlimbs towards the front limbs. This lighter-colored section of the venter is especially evident in life, as seen in Fig. 5. Also noticeable in this image are the lateral blue patches on the venter and orange-red color of the flanks of males. In preservative, the ventral surface darkens considerably, presumably due to fixation in formalin. The dorsal surface of males ranges from weakly patterned to patternless. When patterned, the dorsal surface is marked by a pair of light-colored dorsolateral stripes, one-scale wide, that originates at the posterior margin of ear opening and extends onto the tail. A pale vertebral line, two scale-rows wide, is also present, beginning at the nape of the neck and extending posteriorly to tail. The region between the vertebral and dorsolateral stripe is marked with narrow, dark brown transverse bars on each side; in many individuals, these bars are dimly evident. Females possess lightly mottled throats, some with more mottling than others. The ventral surface of females is very lightly mottled. The dorsal surface of females ranges from strongly patterned to patternless. In strongly patterned individuals, dark transverse bars are sharply defined, often edged posteriorly by white.</p> <p> <b>Comparisons.</b> <i>Sceloporus dixoni</i> is most similar to <i>S. subniger</i> and specimens from the Sierra de Mascota in western Jalisco, sharing with them a single canthal on each side of the head, relatively short legs (average tibia length/head length proportion less than 0.9), small adult size (maximum SVL less than 63 mm), 36–50 dorsal scales, extensive dark pigment on the venter of adult males, a black-barred or darkly mottled chin/throat in adult males, orange or rust-colored flanks in adult males, and oviparity. <i>Sceloporus dixoni</i> can be distinguished from <i>S. subniger</i> by the combination of its smaller adult size (maximum SVL = 54 mm in <i>S. dixoni</i> vs. 62 mm in <i>S. subniger</i>; average SVL = 47.1 mm vs. 48.6 mm), longer legs (average tibia length/head length proportion 0.86 vs. 0.83), fewer femoral pores in males (maximum of 36 vs. 40; average number 34 vs. 35), fewer scales around midbody (average of 40 vs. 41), more supralabial scales (mode of 5 vs. 4), and fewer scales bordering the interpariatel scale (average of 15 vs. 16). Female <i>S. dixoni</i> also have considerably less mottling on the ventral surface than female <i>S. subniger</i>. <i>Sceloporus dixoni</i> differs from specimens from the Sierra de Mascota in western Jalisco by the combination of their larger adult size (maximum SVL = 54 mm in <i>S. dixoni</i> vs. 47 mm in specimens from the Sierra de Mascota; average SVL = 47.1 mm vs. 45.4 mm), slightly longer legs (average tibia length/head length proportion 0.86 vs. 0.84), fewer ventral scales (a minimum of 32 vs. 37; average = 35 vs. 38), fewer dorsal scales (37–45, average = 41 vs. 41–47, average = 43), and fewer scales around midbody (37–43, average = 40 vs. 40–45, average = 43).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epithet is a patronym honoring the late James R. Dixon for his decades of research on Mexican herpetofauna, including several insightful studies of the <i>S. scalaris</i> group. “Doc” Dixon took an early interest in the academic growth of the first author and made a profound and lasting impact. For this and for his encouragement and support, he will be truly missed.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> <i>Sceloporus dixoni</i> is distributed in primarily pine-oak forest along the western half of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, from near Morelia, Michoacán, to the lower slopes of the Nevado de Colima in Jalisco. East of Morelia, the series of steep low-elevation drainages leading into the Balsas Basin likely serve as a geographic barrier between <i>S. dixoni</i> to the west and <i>S. subniger</i> to the east (Fig. 1).</p> <p> <b>Comments.</b> Several species in the <i>S. scalaris</i> group form a distinct subgroup based on morphology (Smith <i>et al</i>. 1993) and genetic data (Mink & Sites 1996; Benabib <i>et al</i>. 1997; Bryson <i>et al</i>. 2012; Grummer <i>et al</i>. 2014; Leaché <i>et al</i>. 2016), including <i>S. aeneus</i> Wiegmann, <i>S. bicanthalis</i>, <i>S. subniger</i>, <i>S. dixoni</i>, and specimens from the Sierra de Mascota in western Jalisco. <i>Sceloporus bicanthalis</i> is the only species in this subgroup that is viviparous and that has two vs. one canthal scales on each side of the head. Confusion regarding parity in these species was clarified by Méndez-de la Cruz <i>et al</i>. (1998). All species inhabit montane bunchgrass meadows along the length of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt of Mexico.</p> <p> The taxonomic placement of <i>S. subniger</i> has varied since its description as a subspecies of <i>S. aeneus</i> (Poglayen & Smith 1958). Thomas & Dixon (1976) argued that <i>S. a. aeneus</i> and <i>S. s. subniger</i> were indistinguishable. Smith <i>et al</i>. (1993) challenged this conclusion, claiming it was based on misidentified specimens from Nevado de Toluca and therefore an inaccurate description of the status and distribution of <i>S. a. subniger</i>. <i>Sceloporus subniger</i> and <i>S. aeneus</i> were subsequently considered distinct species in checklists (Liner 1994; Bell <i>et al</i>. 2003), a taxonomic proposal consistent with multilocus genetic data (Grummer <i>et al</i>. 2014). Based on molecular data (Bryson <i>et al</i>. 2012; Grummer <i>et al</i>. 2014), the distribution of <i>S. aeneus</i> is certainly much smaller than envisioned by Smith in his early studies (e.g., Poglayen & Smith 1958). This smaller distribution is more accurately reflected in Smith’s later maps (e.g., Smith <i>et al</i>. 1993). The absence of a black-barred or mottled chin/throat and smaller adult size may distinguish <i>S. aeneus</i> from <i>S. subniger</i> (Smith <i>et al</i>. 1993).</p>Published as part of <i>Bryson, Robert W., Grummer, Jared A., Connors, Elizabeth M., Tirpak, Joseph, Mccormack, John E. & Klicka, John, 2021, Cryptic diversity across the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt of Mexico in the montane bunchgrass lizard Sceloporus subniger (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae), pp. 335-353 in Zootaxa 4963 (2)</i> on pages 344-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4963.2.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4700962">http://zenodo.org/record/4700962</a>
A novel method to allow noninvasive, longitudinal imaging of the murine immune system in vivo
Get PDFIn vivo imaging has revolutionized understanding of the spatiotemporal complexity that subserves the generation of successful effector and regulatory immune responses. Until now, invasive surgery has been required for microscopic access to lymph nodes (LNs), making repeated imaging of the same animal impractical and potentially affecting lymphocyte behavior. To allow longitudinal in vivo imaging, we conceived the novel approach of transplanting LNs into
the mouse ear pinna. Transplanted LNs maintain the structural and cellular organization of conventional secondary lymphoid organs. They participate in lymphocyte
recirculation and exhibit the capacity to receive and respond to local antigenic challenge. The same LN could be repeatedly imaged through time without the requirement for surgical exposure, and the dynamic behavior of the cells within the transplanted LN could be characterized. Crucially, the use of blood vessels as fiducial markers also allowed precise re-registration of the same regions for
longitudinal imaging. Thus, we provide the first demonstration of a method for repeated, noninvasive, in vivo imaging of lymphocyte behavior
Implementing Big Data Algorithms on GPUs
No full textAlgorithms for processing large, unstructured data sets have shown great promise in implementations on modern graphics processors (GPUs), with many implementations reporting 20-70x speedup over comparable CPU-only versions of the same algorithms. In this senior project research, our goal is to implement an efficient, highly scalable SQLite database on GPU, test an optimized implementation of a data sorting algorithm like GPU-Quicksort, and demonstrate the speed potential of GPU-enhanced computation on a typical big-data search and aggregation algorithm like MapReduce
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