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Tradisi Nurunken Kalak Mate Cawir Metua dalam Masyarakat Karo
No full textDisertasi ini terutama difokuskan pada studi teoritis dan metodologis terhadap
tradisi lisan dan pragmatika, dengan perhatian khusus pada isu-isu tradisi (atau
ritual kematian) Nurunken Kalak Mate Cawir Metua (NKMCM), kearifan lokal,
revitalisasi budaya, dan maksim kearifan. Beberapa aspek tentang bentuk dan isi
dari tradisi menjadi pusat perhatian. Kabupaten Karo secara administratif di bawah
Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Proyek penelitian ini bersifat multidisiplin dan dengan
demikian penelitian ini secara metodologis jamak meskipun pendekatan utama
untuk tradisi lisan didasarkan pada gagasan bahwa NKMCM adalah imaji yang
terkonstruksi secara sosial. Banyak aktor dari tradisi ini adalah tuan tanah atau para
petani lepas yang tentu saja terlibat di dalam keberhasilan tradisi itu sendiri.
Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif. Penyelidikan terhadap tradisi ini didasarkan atas
pengumpulan data lapangan yang dilaksanakan di Desa Dolat Rayat pada Senin, 14
Januari 2013. Secara khusus, data diperoleh dari sebuah ritual kematian seorang
wanita tua. Penelitian ini berusaha menganalisis berbagai isu yang terkait dengan
perkembangan terkini dari NKMCM. Rumusan masalah adalah: bagaimanakah
bentuk performansi; makna, fungsi, dan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal; dan model
revitalisasi terhadap NKMCM? Subyek penelitian adalah semua pelayat yang
terlibat di dalam pidato turut belangsungkawa dan kemudian, apa yang mereka
utarakan dipilih secara acak untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan diskusi maksim
kesantunan. Wawancara dilakukan dengan orang-orang lokal dengan menggunakan
teknik bola salju bergulir (snow-ball) dan wawancara itu diadakan untuk
mendukung pencarian makna dan fungsi, nilai dan norma, kearifan lokal dan model
revitalisasi dan direkam dengan menggunakan audio-video. Tanggapan dari para
informan ditranskripsikan secara manual pada lembar kertas.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk performansi dari NKMCM telah
secara umum bergeser; salah satu pergeseran ini terkait dengan peran kalimbubu,
anak beru, dan sembuyak. Makna, fungsi dan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal terbukti
secara umum bertahan meskipun di beberapa sesi nilai-nilainya hilang, misalnya,
jumlah orang menurun setelah makan siang. Pemeriksaan NKMCM
mengungkapkan bahwa bentuk performansi, perkolong-kolong dan instrumen
musik tradisional harus direvitalisasi dan dibawa kembali ke versi aslinya. Tradisi
NKMCM terbukti menunjukkan harapan hidup dan dinamika rutinitas sehari-hari
para pelayat. Meskipun NKMCM bukanlah sebuah tradisi yang telah mati namun
masih masih perlu direvitalisasi karena tradisi ini dalam beberapa bagian terkikis,
yang berarti bahwa tradisi ini mengalami perubahan bentuk dan beberapa proses
disederhanakan untuk memenuhi tuntutan keadaan dari para pelayat yang bekerja
di ladang atau di lembaga negara atau swasta. Dan akibatnya, beberapa pelayat
tidak mempunya niat untuk berbicara meskipun mereka secara normatif memiliki
hak untuk melakukannya; di samping itu, durasi NKMCM menjadi sedikit lebih
pendek karena beberapa pelaku datang terlambat di pagi hari dan sebagai hasilnya,
ritual tampak seperti sebuah jam karet. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa bentuk dan isi dari NKMCM secara umum bergeser; salah satu perubahan ini terkait
dengan peran kalimbubu, anak aeru, dan bermain sembuyak.
Meskipun model revitalisasi dari gerakan Wallace telah berhasil diterapkan di
bidang studi etnografi dan ethnosejarah dari masyarakat di seluruh dunia (seperti
yang dikatakan oleh Liebmann), revitalisasi adalah jauh lebih terdokumentasi
dengan baik dalam konteks ritual kematian. Pemeriksaan NKMCM
mengungkapkan bahwa bentuk dan isinya serta perkolong-kolong dan instrumen
musik tradisional harus direvitalisasi dan dibawa kembali ke versi asli. Revitalisasi
diharapkan memberi perubahan kepada para pemuda untuk ikut serta secara aktif
di dalam pelaksanaan tradisi ini.353 HalamanDisertasi Dokto
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
BIPOLAR DISORDER EPISODES IN THE PROTAGONIST OF JENNIFER NIVEN’S ALL THE BRIGHT PLACES
No full textThis study investigates the depiction of bipolar disorder in Jennifer Niven’s All the Bright Places, focusing on its impact on the protagonist, Theodore Finch. Using a psychological framework, the research draws on Lesmana’s theory of bipolar disorder to analyze the manic and depressive episodes Finch experiences throughout the novel. The narrative vividly portrays Finch’s drastic mood swings, alternating between periods of elevated euphoria and profound depression. This analysis examines how these emotional extremes shape Finch's interactions with others, influence his relationships, and contribute to his suicidal thoughts. Through a deep dive into Finch’s character, the study emphasizes the challenges of living with bipolar disorder, illustrating how the disorder affects both personal identity and social dynamics. The findings reveal that Finch's experiences align with the characteristic patterns of manic and depressive episodes, as outlined in Lesmana’s theory. Ultimately, the research highlights the importance of addressing mental health issues in literature, enriching the conversation on psychological themes and fostering greater empathy for those affected by such conditions
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
IMPROVING JAPANESE SPEAKING SKILLS DURING PROSPECTIVE INTERNS: PICTURE AND PICTURE LEARNING MODEL
Get PDFThis study analyzes the speaking ability in Japanese by nurses who are engaged in prospective interns provided for them who will work in Japan through the EPA (Economic Partnership Agreement) program. The study involves 49 participants following the program and uses quantitative method as proposed by Brown Rodgers (2002). Being conducted with a training time of 15 hours for five days through classroom action, this study starts with planning, implementation, observation, and evaluation. Data collection methods include interviews, observations, pre-tests and post-tests. Written tests apply to see their ability to master Japanese grammar, and oral tests to measure Japanese speaking ability. The Picture and Picture learning model is aimed at improving the nurses’ mastery of Japanese vocabulary. To obtain such mastery the questions are formulated as the followings: how can an action plan improve participants’ speaking skills and what pedagogical implications are obtained by them? The results show that the action plan improves the participants’ speaking ability in Japanese. The pre-test results show that 15 of them (31%) are able to speak with some stuttering with an average score of 64.38 and the post-test results indicate an increase to 39 participants (79.6%) with an average score of 77.1. It is concluded that participants can construct ideas and thoughts orally; thus, the effective vocabulary of pictures and their interests implicate their pedagogical development to a better condition, so they are claimed to be ready to work in Japan
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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