1,720,962 research outputs found
Measuring the effect of collective intelligence processes that leverage participation and deliberation
No full textGiven the gargantuan amount of scholarship on participation and deliberation, this chapter seeks to give an initial primer on what the authors consider the main topics present in the literature. For many years, the effects of collective participation and deliberation have been studied with very limited cross-fertilization among the fields concerned. However, empathy and interpersonal trust are also important preconditions of high-quality deliberation; thus, the authors can't discard the possibility that the current generation of studies is overstating these effects due to a reverse-causation bias. An interesting experiment from Druckman and Nelson explored the ability of deliberation to create 'antibodies' that could defend participants from framing effects. More generally, scholarship on the effects of deliberation and participation on creativity, critical thinking skills, and other cognitive capacities is not sufficiently integrated with the literature in psychology and pedagogy that have studied the development of such capacities in detail
From shouting matches to argument maps
No full textThis case study examines an online deliberation experiment in which a group of supporters of a large political party were invited to propose ways to reform a national electoral law. Researchers compared a traditional comment forum with the Deliberatorium, an online collaborative platform where users build “argument maps” to capture the various proposals and their associated arguments for and against. The aim of the study was to assess the capability of this tool to support large-scale deliberation in a real-world case, comparing the argument-map approach to a traditional discussion forum. By comparing users’ experience across several metrics related to usability, activity levels, and quality of collaboration, we found that while the argument-map platform was perceived as less intuitive and fluid, users nevertheless maintained their engagement at a similar rate to the forum condition and ended up producing more interactions, fewer self-referential arguments, and a more respectful tone
Using collective intelligence to assess the future with the Pandemic Supermind
Full text linkHow can we use digital technologies to formulate healthcare policy mechanisms that address the world’s critical unmet needs and anticipate potential crises with policies before they arise? In the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, MIT’s Center for Collective Intelligence (CCI) leveraged two “Superminds” to combine the practice of expert-based crowdsourcing with problem-solving and scenario planning on two open-source platforms: The “Pandemic Supermind Activation” Initiative and “Trust CoLab”. Both exercises showed the importance of global asynchronous activity in policy formulation, and further highlighted the need for decision-makers to utilize these approaches to create tangible policy mechanisms before healthcare crises devastate the globe
The power of virtual communities
No full textA growing number of people around the world are finding meaning and a sense of belonging in online groups. According to the YouGov survey, in 11 out of 15 countries studied, the largest proportion of respondents reported the most important group to which they belong is a primarily online one. This report seeks to open a conversation about the role and impact of online groups and the factors that make some of them successful communities. It draws on interviews with 50 leaders of Facebook Groups in 17 countries and with 26 global experts in online community building, along with a literature review, internal Facebook research, and a parallel YouGov survey of 15,000 Internet users in 15 countries
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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