13 research outputs found
Diversity of Macroscopic Fungal Types in South Leitimur District, Ambon City
Full text linkMacroscopic fungi are eukaryotic, heterotrophic, cosmopolitan organisms, have fruit bodies large enough to be seen without using tools, and vary in morphology, size, and color. This research was carried out in two villages in Leitimur Selatan District, Ambon City, namely Hutumuri and Ema, from May 2022 to July 2022. Macroscopic fungal samples were obtained during a survey using the exploration method. Sampling locations were based on predetermined transect lines and random fungal samples were taken at each location. Identification in the laboratory was carried out to determine the type of mushroom, fruit body shape, color, and size of the mushroom. The data obtained was then analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The research results obtained 32 species of fungi consisting of two divisions, namely Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, as well as 18 families. The frequency of the presence of fungi in Leitimur Selatan District was the highest at 19.6% and the lowest at 0.1%, and the fungal populations found lived either alone or in colonies. Based on Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), macroscopic fungi at the research location were divided into two large groups with a dissimilarity coefficient of 31%. The main differentiating character based on Principle Component Analysis (PCA-Biplot) found that the characteristic character in the descriptor of seven fungal species was the lamella character, and the differentiating character in the descriptor of two fungal species was the pore characteristics and pore size
Keanekaragaman Jamur Makroskopis Di Kecamatan Amahai Kabupaten Maluku Tengah
Full text linkThe research objectives are: 1) Identifying the types of macroscopic fungi found in Amahai District; 2) Calculate the frequency of presence and population of macroscopic fungi found in Amahai District, and 3) Describe the morphological characteristics of macroscopic fungi found in the Amahai sub-district. This research was carried out in Amahai District in the villages of Yafila and Nuweletetu. This research was also carried out at the Plant Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University, from March to May 2024. The survey was carried out using the roaming method to obtain macroscopic fungi in Amahai District. The transect line created as a sampling location measures 100 ´ 20 m. Laboratory identification is carried out to determine the morphological characteristics of the fungus. Mushroom characteristics include fruit body shape, color, size, and habitat. The results (PCA) of 13 morphological characters from 38 fungi samples showed that between the two groups of macroscopic fungi, there was a similarity in morphological characters of 62%. Principle component analysis (PCA-Biplot) was performed on nine morphological characters on 38 macroscopic fungi samples. PCA was carried out to obtain characteristic characters in the fungi groups found. Based on the results of the analysis (PCA), the fruit's body shape and pores can be recommended as characterizing characteristics
Macroscopic mushroom exploration in Leihitu Barat district west of Ambon Island
Full text linkMacroscopic mushrooms are mushrooms that have fruiting bodies. They live (heterotrophically). In addition, fungi are eukaryotic organisms, spores, do not have chlorophyll, and reproduce sexually and asexually. The aims of the research are (1) to find types of macroscopic fungi. (2) describe the dominant habitat types of the mushroom populations found. The research was carried out in West Leihitu District, namely the villages of Wakasihu and Larike from July to October 2022. The mushrooms were obtained by roaming methods on transect lines. Data collection included the habitat of the fungus, namely live wood, dead wood, soil, and leaf litter. Identification in the laboratory to determine the type of fungus. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the study obtained 16 species with 6 different species and 5 of the same species. In both villages, there are 8 species from the Basidiomycota division and 3 species from the Ascomycota division and consist of 8 families. The mushroom habitats found in both villages were: 7 species of dead wood, 3 species of soil, and 1 species of leaf litter. The frequency of the presence of the fungus is range between 7.8% to 10.2%
Antagonisme In-Vitro Lima Isolat Lokal Trichoderma spp. Asal Rhizosfer Terhadap Rhizoctonia solani Penyebab Busuk Pelepah Jagung
Full text linkEnvironmentally friendly biological control can be an alternative for suppressing the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, the cause of sheath rot in corn plants. This can be done by utilizing biological agents, such as Trichoderma spp. Research on in vitro antagonism of five local isolates of Trichoderma spp. of rhizospheric origin against R. solani was carried out at the Plant Disease Diagnosis Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture Unpatti, Ambon. This research aimed to determine the inhibition of five Trichoderma spp isolates against R. solani in vitro and to the mechanism of its inhibition. This study used a Completely Randomized Design to test the five local isolates of Trichoderma spp. The experiment was carried out with 4 replications, and each experimental unit consisted of 2 Petri dishes for testing. The results showed that the five local isolates of Trichoderma spp. from the rhizosphere could suppress the growth of R. solani on corn plants in vitro. On the seventh day of observation, the highest inhibition occurred in Trichoderma isolate from the Banda Baru coconut rhizosphere (TrichoRKlBB), which was 100% and the local Trichoderma isolate rhizosphere of Nuruwe cocoa (TrichoRKN) 100%, and the lowest percentage occurred using the Trichoderma isolate rhizosphere of Waisamu coconut (TrichoRKlW), namely (80.13%). The mechanisms of antagonism that occured were the mechanisms of competition and microparasitism
IN VITRO ANTAGONISM OF THE ISOLATE MUSHROOM Trichoderma harzianum TO Fusarium oxyzporum f. sp. Cubense CAUSES WILT DISEASE IN BANANA KEPOK (Musa paradisiaca normalis)
Full text linkTrichorderma harzianum is a soil native fungus that is beneficial because it has high antagonistic properties against plant pathogenic fungi. Control mechanisms can be: antibiosis, parasitism, competition and hyphae interference. T. harzianum as a biological control agent for the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxyforum f. sp. Cubense is an alternative to control this pathogenic fungus, without causing a negative impact on the environment. The aim of the study was to determine whether Trichodernma harzianum isolates Piru, Kairatu and Uraur could suppress the growth of the fungus Fusarium oxyforum f. sp. cubense and Trichorderma harzianum which isolates (Piru isolate, Kairatu isolate and Uraur isolate) had faster inhibition against Fusarium oxyforum f. sp. cubense causes wilt disease on banana kepok (Musa paradisiaca normalis) in vitro with antagonism test. The research was conducted in 2 places, namely in the HPT BPTPH laboratory in Maluku province and continued in the microbiology laboratory at FMIPA Unpatti. The research method used was laboratory experimental in nature by using a completely randomized design with factorial pattern with three treatments and three replications. The results showed that the cause of wilt disease in banana plants was Fusarium oxyforum f. sp. Cubense. Antagonism test in vitro showed that T. harzianum Piru isolate showed the highest inhibition zone (70.87%), both Kairatu isolates (45.27%), and the lowest by Uraur isolate (32.61%) so that it can be said that T. harzianum has the potential to inhibit the growth of Fusarium fungus. oxyforum f. sp. Cubense
Eksplorasi Jamur Antagonis Pada Rizosfer Tanaman Kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) Di Pulau Ambon
Full text linkPengendalian hayati merupakan suatu pemanfaatan mikroorganisme yang bertujuan untuk mengendalikan Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman (OPT). Adapun penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan identifikasi jamur antagonis serta menguji daya hambat jamur tersebut terhadap Phytopthora palmivora. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan kebun kelapa milik petani di pulau Ambon dan di laboratorium Balai Besar Perbenihan dan Proteksi Tanaman Perkebunan (BBPPTP) Ambon, pada bulan Juni – Oktober 2023. Mengggunakan metode eksplorasi dan eksperimen di Laboratorium BBPPTP Ambon untuk uji antagonisme. Bahan yang digunakan yaitu tanah disekitar perakaran tanaman kelapa yang sehat. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode Simple Random Sampling dan menetapkan 4 lokasi di Pulau Ambon. Kemudian sampel tanah dibawa ke laboratorium untuk dilakukan isolasi dan identifikasi serta uji antagonisme. Hasil eksplorasi jamur antagonis rhizosfer tanaman kelapa di pulau Ambon diperoleh empat genus jamur antagonis yaitu Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Rhizopus dan Mucor. Perkembangan penghambatan patogen Phytoptora palmivora oleh isolat Trichoderma menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing isolat tersebut memiliki daya antagonisme. Berdasarkan tingkatan kelas antagonismenya, isolat TrichoRKSW1, TrichoRKSW2, TrichoRKSW4, TrichoRKSW5, TrichoRKLH2, TrichoRKLH4, TrichoRKLH5, TrichoRKNL1, TrichoRKNL3, TrichoRKNL4 dan TrichoRKLBH3 dapat dikategorikan kedalam tingkat antagonisme kelas 1, sedangkan isolat TrichoRKNL2, TrichoRKLBH1, TrichoRKLBH4 dan TrichoRKLBH5 dapat dikategorikan kedalam tingkat antagonisme kelas 2. Isolat Aspergillus, Mucor dan Rhizopus termasuk kedalam tingkat kelas 3
Isolasi Trichoderma Spp. Dan Daya Antagonismenya Terhadap Sclerotium Rolfsii Sacc. Penyebab Penyakit Layu Pada Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum Anuum) Secara In-vitro
Full text linkPenelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi dan menguji kemampuan antagonis Trichoderma spp. terhadap Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. penyebab layu pada tanaman cabai dan telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Patogenisitas Fakultas Pertanian Unpatti, dengan menggunakan 5 perlakuan isolat Trichoderma spp. (Tc3, Tc4, Tc5, Tc6 dan Tc7) dengan 3 ulangan sehingga terdapat 15 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelima isolat Trichoderma sp. mempunyai daya antagonis terhadap S. rolfsii dengan rata-rata persentase penghambatan S. rolfsii sebesar 26%. Hasil analisis varians pada taraf 95% menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan nyata antara perlakuan. Rata-rata persentase penghambatan S. rolfsii oleh Trichoderma spp. masing-masing perlakuan berturut-turut adalah Tc6 = 27,31%, Tc3 = 26,63%, Tc5 = 26,05%, Tc7 = 25,69% dan Tc4 = 24,37%, dengan rata-rata 26,01%.
Kata kunci: antagonisme, Trichoderma spp., Sclerotium rolfsi
AGIHAN PENYAKIT PADA TANAMAN JERUK MANIS KISAR (Citrus spp.) DI PULAU KISAR, KABUPATEN MALUKU BARAT DAYA
Full text linkJeruk Kisar merupakan komoditas buah andalan di pulau Kisar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis penyakit pada tanaman jeruk manis Kisar (Citus spp), intensitas penyakit dan kategori serangannya, serta sebaran sebaran jenis penyakit jeruk manis Kisar di Pulau Kisar Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode survey dan penentuan tanaman sampel secara acak sederhana (Simple random sampling). Jenis-jenis penyakit dan intensitas kerusakan serta kategori serangannya pada tanaman jeruk manis Kisar adalah CVPD (Liberobacter asiaticum) 8.58% (ringan), kulit Diplodia (Botrydiplodia theobomae) 39.67% (sedang), kanker jeruk (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri), 46.39% (sedang), dan jamur upas (Corticium salmonicolor) 43.78% (sedang). Kondisi areal yang mempengaruhi terjadinya penyakit adalah teknik budidaya yang menyimpang yang menunjang perkembangan penyakit adalah tindakan pemeliharaan yang kurang baik, tidak dilakukan sanitasi terhadap bagian tanaman yang sakit sehingga sumber inokulum selalu ada, dan tidak pernah dilakukan pengendalian penyakit dengan pestisida
Ketahanan Enam Varietas Padi Terhadap Penyakit Blas (Pyricularia oryzea Cav.) pada Lahan Sawah Irigasi dan Sawah Tadah Hujan
Full text linkRice (Oryza sativa L) is an economically important carbohydrate-producing plant that ranks second only to wheat. In Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and several other countries, rice is used as a staple food source. The commodity projection is expected in the coming years to grow to reach 70 percent. Blast disease is known as one of the main obstacles in rice cultivation today. Recommended control alternative to the disease was through the utilization of economically beneficial and environmentally friendly resistant varieties. The study used six varieties tested on different cultivated land and designed using a split plot experiment. The results showed that the resistance of the six varieties of rice to blast disease, with the criteria from susceptible to resistance was: Kabir07 (5%) and IPB8G (3%) classified as susceptible, followed by IPB9G 1.8% (moderate resistance), Inpari32 1.8% (moderate resistant), Fas Memeye 1.8% (moderate resistant), and IPB3S 1.2% (resistant). The study found that irrigated rice fields had a higher severity of blast disease than rain-fed rice fields.
Keywords: blast disease, resistant variety, rice fields irrigated, rice rainfed lowland
ABSTRAK
Padi (Oryza sativa L) adalah tanaman penghasil karbohidrat penting secara ekonomi yang menempati peringkat kedua setelah gandum. Di Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, dan beberapa negara lain, padi digunakan sebagai sumber makanan pokok. Proyeksi komoditas tersebut diharapkan pada tahun-tahun mendatang tumbuh mencapai 70 persen. Penyakit blas dikenal sebagai salah satu kendala utama dalam budidaya padi saat ini. Alternatif yang direkomendasikan untuk pengendalian terhadap penyakit ini adalah melalui varietas tahan yang bermanfaat secara ekonomi dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian bertujuan mengevaluasi ketahanan enam varietas padi pada lahan padi sawah dan sawah tadah hujan terhadap penyakit blas. Penelitian ini menggunakan enam varietas diuji pada lahan budidaya yang berbeda dan dirancang menggunakan percobaan petak terpisah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat ketahanan keenam varietas padi terhadap penyakit blas, dengan kriteria dari rentan sampai tahan adalah: Kabir07 (5%) dan IPB8G (3%) tergolong rentan, diikuti oleh IPB9G 1,8% (moderat tahan), Inpari32 1,8% (moderat tahan), Fas Memeye 1,8% (moderat tahan), dan IPB3S 1,2% (tahan). Ditemukan bahwa lahan sawah irigasi memiliki keparahan penyakit blas lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan sawah tadah hujan.
Kata kunci: penyakit blas, sawah tadah hujan, sawah irigasi, varietas resiste
