1,720,982 research outputs found
Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease
No full textBACKGROUND: Liposuction has been proposed as a potential treatment for the metabolic complications of obesity. We evaluated the effect of large-volume abdominal liposuction on metabolic risk factors for coronary heart disease in women with abdominal obesity.
METHODS: We evaluated the insulin sensitivity of liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue (with a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp procedure and isotope-tracer infusions) as well as levels of inflammatory mediators and other risk factors for coronary heart disease in 15 obese women before and 10 to 12 weeks after abdominal liposuction. Eight of the women had normal glucose tolerance (mean [+/-SD] body-mass index, 35.1+/-2.4), and seven had type 2 diabetes (body-mass index, 39.9+/-5.6).
RESULTS: Liposuction decreased the volume of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue by 44 percent in the subjects with normal glucose tolerance and 28 percent in those with diabetes; those with normal oral glucose tolerance lost 9.1+/-3.7 kg of fat (18+/-3 percent decrease in total fat, P=0.002), and those with type 2 diabetes lost 10.5+/-3.3 kg of fat (19+/-2 percent decrease in total fat, P<0.001). Liposuction did not significantly alter the insulin sensitivity of muscle, liver, or adipose tissue (assessed by the stimulation of glucose disposal, the suppression of glucose production, and the suppression of lipolysis, respectively); did not significantly alter plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and adiponectin; and did not significantly affect other risk factors for coronary heart disease (blood pressure and plasma glucose, insulin, and lipid concentrations) in either group.
CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal liposuction does not significantly improve obesity-associated metabolic abnormalities. Decreasing adipose tissue mass alone will not achieve the metabolic benefits of weight loss
METABOLIC KINETICS OF PULMONARY SURFACTANT IN NEWBORN INFANTS USING ENDOGENOUS STABLE ISOTOPE TECHNIQUES
No full textENDOGENOUS PULMONARY SURFACTANT METABOLISM IS NOT AFFECTED BY MODE OF VENTILATION IN PREMATURE INFANTS WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Resveratrol supplementation does not improve metabolic function in metabolically-normal women
No full textResveratrol has been reported to improve metabolic function in metabolically abnormal rodents and humans, but it has not been studied in nonobese people with normal glucose tolerance. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the metabolic effects of 12 weeks of resveratrol supplementation (75 mg/day) in nonobese, postmenopausal women with normal glucose tolerance. Although resveratrol supplementation increased plasma resveratrol concentration, it did not change body composition, resting metabolic rate, plasma lipids, or inflammatory markers. A two-stage hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure, in conjunction with stable isotopically labeled tracer infusions, demonstrated that resveratrol did not increase liver, skeletal muscle, or adipose tissue insulin sensitivity. Consistent with the absence of in vivo metabolic effects, resveratrol did not affect its putative molecular targets, including AMPK, SIRT1, NAMPT, and PPARGC1A, in either skeletal muscle or adipose tissue. These findings demonstrate that resveratrol supplementation does not have beneficial metabolic effects in nonobese, postmenopausal women with normal glucose tolerance
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Alterations in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity in men with HIV infection and dyslipidemia.
No full textDyslipidemia is common in patients with HIV infection. In this study, a two-stage euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, with infusion of stable isotopically labeled tracers, was used to evaluate insulin action in skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue in HIV-infected men with dyslipidemia (HIV-DL; plasma triglyceride >250 mg/dl and HDL <45 mg/dl; n=12), HIV-infected men without dyslipidemia (HIV w/o DL; n=12), and healthy men (n=6). Basal rates of glucose production (glucose R(a)), glucose disposal (glucose R(d)), and lipolysis (palmitate R(a)) were similar between groups. The relative suppression of glucose R(a) (63+/- 4, 77+/- 2, and 78+/- 3%, P=0.008) and palmitate R(a) (49+/-4, 63+/-3, and 68+/-3%, P=0.005) during ow-dose insulin infusion (plasma insulin approximately 30 microU/ml), and the relative stimulation of glucose R(d) (214+/-21, 390+/-25, and 393+/-46%, P=0.001) during high-dose insulin infusion (plasma insulin approximately 75 microU/ml) were lower in HIV-DL than in HIV w/o DL and healthy volunteers, respectively. Suppression of basal glucose R(a) correlated with plasma adiponectin (r=0.44, P=0.02) and inversely with plasma IL-6 (r=-0.49, P<0.001). Stimulation of glucose R(d) correlated directly with adiponectin (r=0.48, P<0.01) and inversely with IL-6 (r=-0.49, P=0.02). We conclude that dyslipidemia in HIV-infected men is indicative of multiorgan insulin resistance, and circulating adipokines may be important in the pathogenesis of impaired insulin action
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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