10 research outputs found
The Potential of Ginkgo biloba as a Source of Biologically Active Compounds—A Review of the Recent Literature and Patents
No full textGinkgo biloba is a relict tree species showing high resistance to adverse biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Its fruits and leaves have high medicinal value due to the presence of flavonoids, terpene trilactones and phenolic compounds. However, ginkgo seeds contain toxic and allergenic alkylphenols. The publication revises the latest research results (mainly from 2018–2022) regarding the chemical composition of extracts obtained from this plant and provides information on the use of extracts or their selected ingredients in medicine and food production. A very important section of the publication is the part in which the results of the review of patents concerning the use of Ginkgo biloba and its selected ingredients in food production are presented. Despite the constantly growing number of studies on its toxicity and interactions with synthetic drugs, its health-promoting properties are the reason for the interest of scientists and motivation to create new food products
Effect of Brewing Conditions on Antioxidant Properties of Ginkgo biloba Leaves Infusion
No full textDue to the growing awareness of the importance of healthy eating in society, there is an increasing interest in the use of herbs and low-processed, natural products. Ginkgo biloba is a raw material with a high pro-health potential, which is related to the high content of antioxidant compounds. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the antioxidant activity of Ginkgo biloba leaf infusions and the weighted amount of leaves and brewing time. In addition, a sensory analysis of the infusions obtained was carried out. The innovation is to determine the migration of micro- and macroelements to the infusion prepared from Ginkgo biloba depending on the leaves’ weight used and the brewing time. The research showed the dependence of the antioxidant activity of the infusions and the migration of microelements on the size of the dried material and the brewing time. In the publication, the main factors influencing the quality of infusions were analysed, their mutual correlations were determined, and combinations showing the highest antioxidant activity and, at the same time, the highest sensory acceptability were selected
A NARRATIVE REVIEW: IMPACT OF DIETARY POLYPHENOLS ON METABOLIC SYNDROME MANAGEMENT
No full textIntroduction and purposes: Metabolic syndrome includes central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Studies have explored polyphenols for their potential to prevent or manage these issues through antioxidant and metabolic effects.
Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review was carried out utilizing PubMed and Google Scholar. The search incorporated keywords such as 'polyphenols', 'metabolic syndrome', 'visceral adipose tissue', 'insulin resistance', 'hypertension', 'atherogenic dyslipidemia'. The search included articles published from 2020 to 2025.
Results: Although many studies suggest that polyphenols may help to manage central obesity, the effects of polyphenols on carbohydrate metabolism, blood pressure and lipid profiles are inconsistent and inconclusive. These conflicting results are probably due to small sample sizes and a lack of robust, high-quality human clinical trials.
Conclusion: The review indicates a potential connection between dietary polyphenols and the individual elements of MetS, highlighting the need for further investigation in this area. Overall, due to the variability in study design and sample size, conclusions should be interpreted with careful consideration
Geology of the Lake Solina area
No full textCelem pracy magisterskiej jest rozszerzenie wiedzy o budowie geologicznej obszaru Jeziora Solińskiego. Przeprowadzono badania kartograficzne wzdłuż brzegu Jeziora Solińskiego, analizę litologii, struktur sedymentacyjnych i tektonicznych oraz sporządzono mapę strukturalną odsłonięć. Dzięki zebranym danym litologicznym można określić, że skały odsłaniające się w brzegu Jeziora Solińskiego reprezentują osady głębokomorskiego stożka napływowego reprezentując pogranicze jego części środkowej i dolnej. Napotkane struktury tektoniczne to głównie fałdy pochylone o ostrym kącie zapadania skrzydeł, rzadziej uskoki i nasunięcia. W opisywanym obszarze zauważono wyraźną tendencję do powstawania struktur fałdowych w skałach, w których zanotowano wyższy udział mułowców, a struktur nieciągłych w masywnych piaskowcach i tam gdzie mułowców jest niewiele. Zanalizowane cechy struktur tektonicznych wskazują na znaczne naprężenia występujące w badanym rejonie oraz wskazują na złożoność procesów geologicznych na tym terenie.The aim of this paper is to extend the knowledge about the geological structure of the Lake Solina area. The cartographic research were carried out along the shore of the Lake Solina. The author made an analysis of lithology, sedimentary and tectonic structures, and a structural map. Thanks to the collected lithological data, it can be stated that the rocks represent the deep-sea sediments - the frontier of central and lower parts of cone. The tectonic structures are mainly folds with a sharp angle of fall, less often faults and thrust faults. There is a clear tendency for folding structures in the rocks, where a higher proportion of mudstone was observed, and discontinuous structures in massive sandstone and areas where are less proportion of mudstone. The analyzed features of tectonic structures indicate significant stresses in the studied area and indicate the complexity of geological processes in the area.praca magistersk
HPV AND ANAL CANCER: GLOBAL PATTERNS, KEY RISK FACTORS, AND ADVANCES IN PREVENTION
No full textIntroduction and Purpose: This article comprehensively analyzes human papillomavirus (HPV) in anal cancer, covering its epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, and role in anal squamous cell carcinoma.
Methods: A literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar (2020–2025) included observational studies, clinical trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews.
State of Knowledge: HPV is the main cause of anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC), whose incidence is rising in high-income countries and is highest in men who have sex with men (MSM), people with HIV, and those with multiple partners, immunosuppression, receptive anal intercourse, smoking, or co-infections. Over 80% of ASCC cases are linked to HPV16, with HPV-positive cancers showing better survival, yet despite the vaccine being nearly 100% effective if given before sexual debut, global uptake remains low.
Conclusion: Persistent infection with high-risk HPV, especially HPV16, is the main driver of anal carcinogenesis, paralleling cervical disease, and HPV-driven anal cancer is an increasing public health concern. To reduce the incidence and improve outcomes, expanded vaccination, targeted screening, and public awareness are essential. Future efforts should focus on enhancing prevention uptake, clarifying the significance of HPV16 sublineages, and evaluating co-infections and immunity to improve prevention and management
Comprehensive Analysis of Therapeutic Strategies for Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections: A Global and European Review of Current Antibiotic Treatment Standards in Paediatric and Adult Populations in an Era of Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance
No full textBackground.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections remain a significant clinical challenge, particularly in the paediatric population, where they constitute a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The absence of a cell wall results in intrinsic resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, necessitating the use of antimicrobials targeting intracellular processes. In the post-pandemic period, a resurgence of M. pneumoniae infections has been observed, partly attributed to an “immunity gap” following non-pharmaceutical interventions. At the same time, macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMP) has become an increasing concern, especially in Asia and increasingly in Europe, significantly influencing therapeutic strategies.
Aim.
To review current antibiotic treatment standards for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in children and adults, with particular emphasis on macrolide resistance, regional epidemiology, and practical clinical management of CAP of suspected mycoplasmal aetiology.
Material and methods.
This narrative review analysed contemporary literature published primarily between 2010 and 2025. Data sources included clinical guidelines for CAP in adults and children, systematic reviews and meta-analyses on MRMP, primary studies on resistance mechanisms (23S rRNA mutations, L4/L22 alterations, resistance emergence during therapy), and studies evaluating doxycycline safety in children. Peer-reviewed articles indexed in PubMed and PubMed Central were included. The synthesis was structured according to patient age, disease severity, geographical region, and therapeutic decision pathways.
Results.
Available evidence indicates increasing global prevalence of MRMP, with marked regional differences. Macrolides remain first-line therapy in many settings; however, treatment failure rates are higher in regions with elevated resistance. Doxycycline and fluoroquinolones represent effective alternatives, with growing evidence supporting doxycycline safety in paediatric populations. Escalation of therapy after 48–72 hours of non-response is a key component of effective management, particularly in severe or refractory cases.
Conclusions.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae remains a major cause of CAP in both children and adults. Rising macrolide resistance necessitates region-specific treatment strategies, careful clinical reassessment, and judicious antibiotic selection. Updated management algorithms incorporating resistance patterns and timely therapy escalation are essential to optimise outcomes and support antibiotic stewardship
Role of ketamine in treatment-resistant depression
No full textIntroduction: Depression, affecting 350 million people globally, is a leading cause of disability. Common symptoms include low mood, sadness, guilt, anxiety, and suicidalthoughts. Current treatments, mostly monoamine-based antidepressants, have limitations such as delayed effects and low efficacy, with over 60% of patients not achieving lasting remission. Ketamine, an NMDA antagonist, has shown rapid antidepressant effects, and research suggests glutamatergic dysfunction plays a role in TRD, highlighting the need for faster, more effective treatments.
Current state of knowledge: Ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, has gained attention for its rapid antidepressant effects, particularly in treatment-resistant depression. It works by modulating the glutamatergic system, enhancing synaptic plasticity, and involving other systems like GABA and 5-HT. Clinical trials have shown ketamine's efficacy in reducing depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation within hours, contrasting with traditional antidepressants that take weeks. The intravenous route is most effective, with lower bioavailability in other forms. While ketamine shows promise, its potential for addiction and side effects necessitate careful monitoring.
Conclusion: Evidence supports ketamine for treating refractory depression, enhancing neuroplasticity and regulating affective symptoms through anti-inflammatory effects. Variations exist in administration route, bioavailability, and patient age. Common adverse effects include dissociative symptoms and cardiovascular issues, requiring careful monitoring and management.
Effect of Oyster Mushroom Addition on Improving the Sensory Properties, Nutritional Value and Increasing the Antioxidant Potential of Carp Meat Burgers
No full textThe growing interest in functional food makes looking for new possibilities of enriching products with health-promoting ingredients necessary. One raw material with a very high potential for the food industry is the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), which has a strong antioxidant, antiviral, and anticancer effect. Carp meat (Cyprinus carpio) also has beneficial properties. It is rich in easily digestible protein, vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oyster mushroom addition on the quality of carp burgers, with particular emphasis on the antioxidant effect. The scientific literature produced so far has not focused on the synergy between oyster mushrooms and carp meat. The addition of oyster mushrooms contributed to the increase in antioxidant properties and sensory attractiveness of burgers. The fat content in the finished product was reduced, and the degree of their oxidation was also reduced. The obtained results will contribute to the creation of innovative food products that meet the expectations of consumers looking for healthy food
A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
No full textChronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive inflammatory disease of the pancreas that leads to irreversible structural damage, abdominal pain, and exocrine and endocrine insufficiency. Its etiology is multifactorial, with alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking representing the most significant modifiable risk factors, while genetic, autoimmune, and metabolic mechanisms are increasingly recognized. The aim of this review was to summarize current knowledge on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of CP, with particular emphasis on the importance of an interdisciplinary approach. A comprehensive literature focused on original studies, clinical guidelines, and meta-analyses published in the last 15 years. Effective management of CP requires a stepwise strategy, beginning with lifestyle modification, pain control, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, and management of diabetes. Endoscopic and surgical procedures are reserved for patients with refractory symptoms, with duodenum-preserving techniques demonstrating favorable outcomes in pain relief, pancreatic function preservation, and quality of life. In advanced disease, surgical management provides superior long-term results compared with endoscopy. In addition, psychological care has emerged as an integral part of management, addressing the burden of chronic pain, comorbid depression, and addictive behaviors. Nutritional support, including adequate enzyme supplementation and correction of fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies, remains essential to prevent malnutrition and osteoporosis. In conclusion, CP is a complex disorder requiring multidisciplinary care. Early recognition of risk factors, combined with individualized therapeutic strategies and integration of medical, surgical, and psychosocial interventions, is fundamental to improving patient prognosis and quality of life
Role of ketamine in treatment-resistant depression
No full textIntroduction: Depression, affecting 350 million people globally, is a leading cause of disability. Common symptoms include low mood, sadness, guilt, anxiety, and suicidalthoughts. Current treatments, mostly monoamine-based antidepressants, have limitations such as delayed effects and low efficacy, with over 60% of patients not achieving lasting remission. Ketamine, an NMDA antagonist, has shown rapid antidepressant effects, and research suggests glutamatergic dysfunction plays a role in TRD, highlighting the need for faster, more effective treatments.
Current state of knowledge: Ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, has gained attention for its rapid antidepressant effects, particularly in treatment-resistant depression. It works by modulating the glutamatergic system, enhancing synaptic plasticity, and involving other systems like GABA and 5-HT. Clinical trials have shown ketamine's efficacy in reducing depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation within hours, contrasting with traditional antidepressants that take weeks. The intravenous route is most effective, with lower bioavailability in other forms. While ketamine shows promise, its potential for addiction and side effects necessitate careful monitoring.
Conclusion: Evidence supports ketamine for treating refractory depression, enhancing neuroplasticity and regulating affective symptoms through anti-inflammatory effects. Variations exist in administration route, bioavailability, and patient age. Common adverse effects include dissociative symptoms and cardiovascular issues, requiring careful monitoring and management. 
