27 research outputs found
El mito de creación de los mexicanos en la Histoire du mechique. Historias. Revista de la Dirección de Estudios Históricos. Num. 64 (2006) mayo-agosto
No full textÁngel María Garibay, Teogonía e historia de los mexicanos, México, Porrúa (Sepan cuantos, 37)Rafael Tena, Mitos e historias de los antiguos nahuas, México, CONACULTA (Cien de México), 2002Edmundo O'Gorman, "Introducción", en Fernando de Alva Ixtlixóchitl, Obras históricas, t. 1, México, UNAM, 1975Ángel María Garibay, Historia de la literatura nahua, t. 11, México, Poma, 1953-1954, pp. 47Luis Barjau, El mito mexicano de las edades, México, INAH/Miguel Ángel Porrúa, 1998, p. 66, cuadro 3.James George Frazer, La rama dorada. México. FCE. 1969.James George Frazer. El folklore en el Antiguo Testamento. México. FCE. 1981Ángel María Garibay. "Vocabulario de las palabras y frases en lengua náhuatl que usa Sahagún en su obra••. en fray Bernardino de Sahagún. Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España. México. Porrúa. 1982W. W. Rand, Diccionario de la Biblia. Nashville. Caribe. 1969Alonso de Malina, Vocabulario dc la lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana. México. Porrúa.Pablo González Casanova, Estudios de lingüística y filología nahuas, México. UNAM,. 1989.La obra Histoire du mechique se encuentra en la Biblioteca Nacional de París, resguardada bajo el número 19031. Fue escrita en francés en 1543 por André Thevet y consta de 88 fojas de 290 x 207 mm. Su autor puso su firma en las fojas número 1 y 79, Yanotó: traduite del spagnol, sin que se conozca hasta la fecha el original en esta lengua. En 1905, M. Edouard de Jonghe lo dio a la imprenta por primera vez en París.This work is an analysis of manuscript 19031 in the National Library of Paris, written in French by Andre Thevet in 1543. It includes the genesis of the document and the subsequent editions. It contains the following issues: a) data from Tezcoco (pp. 1-439); b) data from Mexico (pp. 4-88); c) facts related to the calendar (pp. 89-98); d) mythology (pp. 99-229). Previous sources, from which the data were taken, are mentioned too. The main elements of the chapter on mythology are listed as a myth of creation, as observed in other sources. Finally, this work adds a mythographic interpretation of its content.</p
Sahagún y los orfebres precolombinos de México.. Anales del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. Num. 38 Tomo IX (1955) Sexta Época (1939-1966)
No full textBennett, Wendell C. Peruvian Gold, Natural History (Nueva York, 1932) Tomo XXXII, No. 1, p. 28.Cellini, Benvenuto. Due Trattati.... uno dell' Oreficeria, l'altro della Scultura, 1568 (Florencia, edición de 1731) pp. 112, 115, 118, 120.Easby, Dudley T., Jr. Ancient American Goldsmiths, Natural History (Nueva York, 1956) Tomo LXV, No. 8, pp. 406, 407-408.Easby, Dudley T., Jr. Orfebrería y Orfebres Precolombinos, Anales del Instituto de Arte Americano (Buenos Aires, 1956) Tomo IX, pp. 9-26.Garibay, Angel María. Llave del Nahuatl (Otumba, México, 1940).Garland, H. y Bannister, C. O. Ancient Egyptian Metallurgy (Londres, 1927) pp. 35-54.Gowland, W. Metals and Metal-Working in Old Japan, Trans. and Proceedings of The Japan Society (Londres, 1915) Tomo XIII, pp. 41-42.Joyce, T. A. South American Archaeology (Londres, 1912) p. 41.Martínez Gracida, Manuel. Minería y su Industria, XI° Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, 1895 (México, D. F., 1897) p. 433.Maryon, Herbert. Metalwork and Enamelling (3ª ed., Londres, 1954) pp. 200-223, 258.Molina, Alonso de. Vocabulario en Lengua Castellana y Mexicana, 1571 (Madrid, edición de 1944) Tomo IV de la Colección de Incunables Americanos.Motolinía, Toribio de. Historia de los Indios de la Nueva España (Editorial Chávez Hayhoe, México, D. F., 1941) pp. 239, 243-244.Pérez de Barradas, José. Les Indiens de l'Eldorado (París, 1955) pp. 150-151.Rivet P. y Arsandaux, H. La Métallurgie en Amerique précolombienne, Travaux et Mémoires de l'Institut d'Ethnologie (París, 1946) Tomo 39, pp. 124-131.Root, William C. Gold-Copper Alloys in Ancient America, Journal of Chemical Education, Feb. 1951, pp. 76-78, que contiene un resumen de los experimentos de Paul Bergsöe relativos a mise en couleur.Sahagún, Bernardino de. Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva España (edición de A. M. Garibay K., Editorial Porrúa, México, D. F., 1956) Tomo III, pp. 67-72.Saville, Marshall H. The Goldsmith's Art in Ancient Mexico ( Heye Foundation, Nueva York, 1920) pp. 125-142.Seler, Eduard. L'Ortevrerie des anciens Mexicains, VIII Congrés lnternational des Américanistes. 1890 (Paris, 1892) pp. 402-418.Stone, Doris. Orfebrería Pre-Colombina, Catálogo del Museo Nacional (San José de Costa Rica, Abril de 1951) p. 8, fig. 4 a-b.Zerda, Liborio. El Dorado, 1883 (Bogotá, edición de 1948) pp. 39-42, 47-49, 133-134
La asistencia hospitalaria para indios en la Nueva España.. Anales del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. Num. 48 Tomo XIX (1966) Sexta Época (1939-1966)
No full textArchivo General de la Nación. Volúmenes de Mercedes, Indios, Hospitales, Clero Secular y Regular y de Duplicados de Cédulas Reales. México.Carreño, A. M. 1942. Los españoles en el México Independiente (Un siglo de beneficencia). México.Centro de Documentación Histórica, INAH. Rollo 19, Archivo Municipal de Pátzcuaro. México.Clavijero, F. J. 1945. Historia antigua de México, vols. I y II. Ed. Porrúa. México.Chávez, I. 1961. México en la cultura Médica. México y la cultura, pp. 843-912. Secretaría de Educación Pública. México.Del Palacio, Fray L. 1932 y 1933. Boletín Eclesiástico de Guadalajara. México.Escobar, Fray M. de. 1890. Americana Thebaida, Vitas Patrum de los religiosos ermitaños de N. P. San Agustín de la Provincia de San Nicolás Tolentino de Michoacán. 1a. ed. Morelia.Espinosa, Fray I. F. de. 1945. Crónica de la Provincia Franciscana de los Santos Apóstoles San Pedro y San Pablo de Michoacán. 2a. ed. México.Flores, F. 1886. Historia de la Medicina en México, Pról. de Porfirio Parra. México.Herráez, J. 1949. Beneficencia de España en Indias. Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos. Sevilla.Jiménez Moreno, W. 1940. Tula y los Toltecas. Revista Mexicana de Estudios Antropológicos. México.León, N. 1919. ¿Qué era el Matlalzáhuatl y qué el cocoliztli en los tiempos precolombinos y en la época hispánica? Imprenta Franco-Mexicana. México.Molina, Fray A. de. Ordenanzas para hospitales de indios. Compuestas en náhuatl. Texto náhuatl inédito, en micropelícula en el Centro de Documentación Histórica del INAH. Trad. de Carlos Martínez Marín, de próxima publicación.Motolinía, Fray T. de B. 1941. Historia de los indios de la Nueva España. Ed. Salvador Chávez Hayoe. México.Sahagún, Fray B. de. 1956. Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España, vol. IV, Anotaciones y Apéndices de Angel Ma. Garibay K., Ed. Porrúa. México.Tello, Fray A. 1942. Crónica Miscelánea en que se trata de la Conquista Espiritual y Temporal de la Sancta Provincia de Xalisco. Ed. Font. Guadalajara.Zavala, S. A. 1937. La Utopía de Tomás Moro en la Nueva España y otros estudios. Ed. Porrúa. México
Development of a cysteine-deprived and C-terminally truncated GLP-1 receptor
No full textThe glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) belongs to family B of the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and has become a promising target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Here we describe the development and characterization of a fully functional cysteine-deprived and C-terminally truncated GLP-1R. Single cysteines were initially substituted with alanine, and functionally redundant cysteines were subsequently changed simultaneously. Our results indicate that Cys174, Cys226, Cys296 and Cys403 are important for the GLP-1-mediated response, whereas Cys236, Cys329, Cys341, Cys347, Cys438, Cys458 and Cys462 are not. Extensive deletions were made in the C-terminal tail of GLP-1R in order to determine the limit for truncation. As for other family B GPCRs, we observed a direct correlation between the length of the C-terminal tail and specific binding of 125I-GLP-1, indicating that the membrane proximal part of the C-terminal is involved in receptor expression at the cell surface. The results show that seven cysteines and more than half of the C-terminal tail can be removed from GLP-1R without compromising GLP-1 binding or function
Artefactos en piedra pulida del México prehispánico.. Anales del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. Num. 53 Tomo V (1974-1975) Séptima Época (1967-1976)
No full textArmillas, Pedro. 1951 Tecnología, formaciones socio-económicas y religión en Mesoamérica. p 19-30. XXIX Congreso Internacional de Americanistas. Chicago.Bernal, Ignacio. 1962 Bibliografía de arqueología y etnografía. Mesoamérica y Norte de México. INAH. México.Bohmers, A. 1963 A Statistical Analysis of Flint Implements, Science in Archaeology, p 469-481. Thames and Hudson. London-New York.Bunch, Brian and Fell, Clare I. 1949 A Stone-Axe Factory at Pike of Stickle, Great Langdale, Westmorland, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, Vol XV: 1-20. Cambridge.Clarke, David L. 1968 Analytical Archaeology. Methuen and Co Ltd. London.Contreras, Eduardo. 1966 Trabajos de exploración en la zona arqueológica de Ixtlán del Río, Nayarit, Boletín del INAH, 25: 5-10. México.Covarrubias, Miguel. 1948 Tipología de la industria de la piedra tallada y pulida de la cuenca del río Mezcala, IV Reunión de Mesa Redonda de la Sociedad Mexicana de Antropología, p 86-96. México.Childe, V. Gordon. 1942 The Antiquity and Functions of Antler Axes and Adzes, Antiquity, Vol XVI, (63): 258-264. Cambridge.Drucker, Philip. 1943 Ceramic Stratigraphy at Cerro de las Mesas, Veracruz, México, Smithsonian Institution, Bulletin 141. Washington, D C.Drucker, Philip. 1955 The Cerro de las Mesas Offering of Jade and other Materials, Smithsonian Institution, Bulletin 157: 25-68. Washington, D C.Ekholm, Gordon. 1944 Excavations at Tampico and Pánuco in the Huasteca, México, Anthropological papers of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol 38, (2): 320-512. New York.Fell, Clare I. 1964 The Cumbrian Type of Polished Axes and its Distribution in Britain, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, Vol XXX: 39-55. Cambridge.García Cook, Ángel. 1967 Análisis tipológico de artefactos. Serie Investigaciones Núm 12. INAH. México.García Payón, José. 1936 La zona arqueológica de Tecaxic-Calixtlahuaca y los matlatzincas. Departamento de Monumentos, SEP. México.Gorodzov, A. V. A. 1933 El método tipológico en arqueología, American Anthropologist, Vol 35, (I) : 95-102. Menasha, Wisconsin.Heizer, Robert F. 1957 Excavations at La Venta, 1955, Texas Archaeological Society, Vol 28. Abelene.Heizer, Drucker y Graham. 1968 Investigaciones de 1967 y 1968 en La Venta, Boletín del INAH Núm 33: 21-28. México.Herrera Fritot, Rene. 1964 Estudio de las hachas antillanas. Comisión Nacional de la Academia de Ciencias. Departamento de Antropología. La Habana, Cuba.Hodges, Henry. 1964 Artifacts. Praeger. New York-London.Holmes, W. H. 1919 Handbook of Aboriginal American Antiquities, Part l. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulltin 60. Washington, D C.Ibarra Grasso, Dick Edgar. 1962 Las hachas de metal y de piedra pulida en América, con referencia a las formas líticas que imitan modelos metálicos y paralelos transpacíficos, XXXV Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, Vol I:21-30. México.Keithahn, Edward. 1962 Stone Artifacts of Southeastem Alaska, American Antiquity, Vol 28, (I): 66-77 Salt Lake City.Kelly, Charles J. 1966 Mesoamérica and the Southwestern United States, Handbook of Middle American Indians, Vol IV: 95-110. University of Texas. Austin.Kelly, Isabel. 1938 Excavations at Chametla, Sinaloa, Ibero Americana, 14. University of California Press. Berkeley.Kelly, Isabel. 1945 Excavations at Culiacán, Sinaloa, Ibero Americana, 25. University of California Press. Berkeley.Kelly, Isabel. 1947 Excavations at Apatzingán, Michoacán, Viking Foundation. Publications in Anthropology, No 7. New York.Kidder, Alfred V. 1932 The Artifacts of Pecos, Papers of the S W Exp 6. New Haven.Kidder, Alfred V. 1947 The Artifacts of Uaxactún, Guatemala. Carnegie Institution of Washington. Publication 576.Leakey, L. B. S. 1955 Working Stone, Bone and Wood, History of Technology, Vol I: 128-143. Oxford.Leroi-Gourhan, Andre. 1945 Milieu et techniques. Sciences d' aujourd' hui. Paris.Leroi-Gourhan, Andre. 1946 Archéologie du Pacific-Nord. Institute d' Ethnologie. Vol XLVII. Université de Paris. Paris.Leroi-Gourhan, Andre. 1949 L'homme et la matière. Sciences d' aujourd' hui. Paris.Leroi-Gourhan, Andre. 1966 La Prehistoire. Nouvelle Clio. Presses Universitaires de France.Lorenzo, José Luis. 1965 Tlatilco. Los artefactos. Serie Investigaciones Núm 7. INAH. México.Macneish, Richard S. and Nelken A. 1967 The Prehistory of the Tehuacan Valley, Vol II. University of Texas Press. Austin.Marquina, Ignacio. 1960 El Templo Mayor de México. INAH. México.Marquina, Ignacio. 1964 Arquitectura prehispánica. INAH. México.Medellín Zenil, Alfonso. 1953 Secuencia cronológico-cultural en el Centro de Veracruz, Revista Mexicana de Estudios Antropológicos, Vol XIII, (2 y 3): 371-378.Mirambell, Lorena. 1964 Estudio microfotográfico de artefactos líticos. Prehistoria Núm 14. INAH. México.Navarrete, Carlos. 1966 Excavaciones en la Presa Netzahualcóyotl, Malpaso, Chis, Boletín del INAH, Núm 24. 36-40. México.Piña Chan, Román. 1967 Una visión del México prehispánico. Serie de Culturas Mesoamericanas Núm l. Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, UNAM. México.Sahagún, Fray Bernardino de. 1956 Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España, Vol III. Anotaciones y apéndices de Angel María Garibay. Edit Porrúa, México.Semenov, S. A. 1957 Prehistoric Technology. Cory, Adams and Mackay, London.Shotton, F. W. 1963 Petrological Examination, Science in Archaeology, 482-488. Thames and Hudson. London-New York.Sonnenfeld, J. 1962 Interpreting the Function of Primitive lmplements, American Antiquity, Vol 28, (I): 56-65. Salt Lake City.Stone, J. S. and Wallis, F. S. 1951 The Petrological Identification of Stone Axes, Proceeding of the Prehistoric Society, Vol XVIII, (2): 99-158. Cambridge.Vaillant, G. C. 1930 Excavations at Zacatenco, Anthrop Paps of the Amer Mus of Nat Hist, Vol 32, (I). New York.Vaillant, G. C. 1931 Excavations at Ticomán, Anthrop Paps of the Amer Mus of Nat Hist, Vol 32, (2). New York.Vaillant, G. C. 1934 Excavations at Gualupita, Anthrop Paps of the Amer Mus of Nat Hist, Vol 35, (I). New York.Vega Sosa, Constanza. 1972 Tipología de hachas y azuelas del México prehispánico, Antropología Matemática, Núm 24. INAH. México.Willey, Gordon R. 1966 An introduction to American Archaeology, Vol I. Prentice-Hall. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.Winick, Charles. 1968 Dictionary of Anthropology. Littlefield Adams and Co No 131. Totowa
Comentarios sobre la Coatlicue recuperada durante las excavaciones realizadas para la construcción del Metro.. Anales del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. Num. 50 Tomo II (1969) Séptima Época (1967-1976)
No full textThis sculpture (plates I-V) was discovered in September, 1967, during excavations carried out in Mexico City's "Metro". Its total height is 93 cm., its length 57 cm., width 37, and weight approximately 530 k. Today it is on display in the Mexica Hall of the National Museum of Anthropology, where it is called Coatlicue. Coatlicue (also called Toci and by many other names) was the Mother Goddess, having given birth to the Sun, the Moon, the Stars, and all the other gods. She was also associated with the earth, fertility, life, and death. This statue is covered with a wealth of symbols. The face is that of Tlaltecuhtli, earth deity, as seen in plate VI. In different sources Tlaltecuhtli is referred to as female or as male, the latter in the form of a toad-like monster. This monster is carved on the base of the monumental Coatlicue and is seen in the Codex Borbonicus 16 (fig. 1). In the Codex Borgia 34 (fig. 2) Tlaltecuhtli is represented as an old woman with wrinkles around her mouth. The lines on the statue's face represent both these wrinkles and facial paint: Xochiquetzal (the young Mother Goddess, therefore Coatlicue) wears red paint on the Iower part of her face (fig. 3). The bisexual character of the earth deity indicares a duality characteristic of creative gods. The figure's half-closed eyes. are like those of Coyolxauhqui, Moon Goddess, and indicate death. The tongue in the form of a knife with a claw and eye is not only associated with the earth and with sacrifice but also is the tongue of the sun in the Sun Stone (fig. 4). Coatlicue was the mother of the Sun in the form of Huitzilopochtli, solar god associated with war. Another element of sacrifice and death may be seen in the feather balls in the goddess's hair. Is it possible that these elements refer to the death of the deity in her representation of the earth, that is, the death or end of a Sun or cosmogonic period? The hands are both claws and serpent heads. The eyes and fangs seen on the elbows and shoulders again refer to the earth monster. The necklace of four hands and four hearts is the same as that worn by the monumental Coatlicue, with the difference that the central pendant here is a fifth heart and not a skull. The elements of four undoubtedly refer to the cardinal directions and the heart pendant to the center of the earth. While Coatlicue' s tired breasts are seen in her monumental statue and in others that are exhibited in the Mexica Hall, there is no evidence of them in our “Metro” sculpture. This fact, combined with the position of the legs (a position strictly masculine, as may be seen in plate VIII, the god Xochipilli; Mexica goddesses are always represented in a kneeling position like plate VII), leads us to believe that the deity represented is really masculine. The necklace of hands and hearts has served to identify the figure as Coatlicue, but in the monthly feast of Huey Pachtli the priests' costumes were decorated with these two elements. The associated feast of Pachtlontli, in honor of Xochiquetzal, commemorated the birth of Huitzilopochtli. During Huey Pachtli, Iztaccihuatl was honored; this was but another name for Coatlicue-Xochiquetzal. The use of the hands and hearts at this time shows a direct relationship with Huitzilopochtli. Caso has indicated that the skulls and cross bones represent the skirt of the Earth Goddess, as seen in Codex Borgia 44 (fig. 5). This is the short skirt worn by our deity. We feel that the "Coatlicue del Metro" is a figure dedicated to the Earth. It also seems to be a profound expression of duality, as it is male and female, mother (Coatlicue) and son (Huitzilopochtli), Sun and Moon, life and death, fat years and lean (symbolized by the open hands and hearts and the “twisted” skirt of Coatlicue, according to Durán). The many duality characteristics suggest a conclusion that is daring but not impossible: because of the elements of creation present this statue could represent Ometeotl, the divine creative pair.Caso, A. 1927 Las ruinas de Tizatlán, Tlaxcala. Sobretiro del t. I, No. 4, de la Revista Mexicana de Estudios Históricos. Ed. Cultura. México.Caso, A. 1967 Los calendarios prehispánicos. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas. México.Durán, Fray D. de. 1967 Historia de las Indias de Nueva España e islas de la Tierra Firme. Editado por Angel Ma. Garibay K., 2 vols., Ed. Porrúa. México.Fernández, J. 1954 Coatlicue, estética del arte indígena antiguo. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas. México.Garibay K., A. M. 1940 Poesía indígena de la Altiplanicie. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Biblioteca del Estudiante Universitario, No. 11. México.León-Portilla, M. 1958 Ritos, sacerdotes y atavíos de los dioses. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Historia: Seminario de Cultura Nahuatl, Fuentes Indígenas de los Informantes de Sahagún: 1. México.Martín Arana, R. 1967 Hallazgo de un monolio en las obras de S.T.C. (Metro). Boletín del I.N.A.H., No. 30. México.Nicholson, H. B. 1964 Pre-Hispanic Central Mexico: Religion. Handbook of Middle American Indians, vol. IV.Sahagún, Fray B. de. 1938 Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España. Introducción de W. Jiménez Moreno. Anotaciones de E. Seler, 5 vols., Ed. Pedro Robredo. México.Sahagún, Fray B. de. 1950-1963 Florentine Codex. General History of the Things of New Spain. Traducido del Nahuatl por Arthur J. O. Anderson y Charles E. Dibble. 10 vols. The School of American Research, Santa Fe, New Mexico.Seler, E. 1963 Comentarios al Códice Borgia. 3 vols. Fondo de Cultura Económica. México
Author Correction: Molecular engineering of safe and efficacious oral basal insulin
No full textAn amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper
Desenvolvimento de sistema microestruturado contendo extrato padronizado de Cecropia glaziovii Sneth (Embaúba)
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Florianópolis, 2010A Cecropia glaziovii Sneth, popularmente conhecida como embaúba, é utilizada na medicina popular visando os efeitos diurético, anti-hipertensivo, antiinflamatório, expectorante, antiasmático e antitérmico. Esta planta é principalmente encontrada em áreas de reflorestamento e na Mata Atlântica brasileira. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a padronização de soluções extrativas de Cecropia glaziovii e posterior-mente realizar um estudo preliminar para a encapsulação dos extratos padronizados em um sistema microestruturado. A influência dos fatores tecnológicos como teor etanólico, tempo e temperatura sobre a extração de compostos fenólicos foi avaliada para os métodos estudados, macera-ção e decocção. As soluções foram preparadas utilizando delineamento fatorial 22 com ponto central e avaliadas quanto ao seu resíduo seco, pH, teor de fenólicos totais, teor de ácido clorogênico e ácido cafeico, sendo estas duas substâncias consideradas como marcadores químicos e doseados por metodologia validada de CLAE. Os extratos obtidos com 20% de etanol apresentaram elevada concentração de ácido cafeico, substância que praticamente não está presente nas outras soluções extrativas. Em função deste resultado, foram realizados estudos para avaliação da influência da temperatura e da presença de conservante sobre os teores dos marcadores químicos durante o processo extrativo, sendo para isto elaborados dois delineamentos fatoriais 23. A atividade dos extratos brutos no tratamento do diabetes e da hipertensão foi avaliada. Os extratos obtidos por maceração foram efetivos na redução da glicemia em ratos hiperglicêmicos e apresentaram surpreendente atividade vasorrelaxadora. A atividade farmacológica serviu como fator de escolha dos extratos a serem microencapsulados em sistema polimérico, utilizando a técnica de dupla emulsão (A/O/A) com evaporação/extração do solvente. Para avaliação da interferência dos diferentes fatores na formulação das micropartículas foi utilizado o delineamento fatorial 24. As micropartículas foram avaliadas quanto ao seu rendimento, formação, aparência, tamanho e eficiência de encapsulação.Cecropia glaziovii Sneth, known as embaúba, is used in folk medicine as diuretic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, expectorant, as relief for asthma and fever. This plant is mainly found in reforestation areas and Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. The present work aims to develop Cecropia glaziovii padronized extracts and lately perform preliminary extracts encapsulation in microstructured system. The influence of some technological factors as ethanol concentration, time and temperature extraction above phenolic compounds was evaluated in studied methods, maceration and decoction. The extractive solutions were prepared employing a 22 factorial design with central point and evaluated as dry residue, pH, total phenolics content, chlorogenic and caffeic acids concentration, both considered as chemical markers and the assay was carried out by HPLC validated methodology. In the 20% ethanolic extracts a great amount of caffeic acid was observed, compound that was not detected in the extracts with higher ethanolic concentrations. In order to investigate this result, the influence of temperature and the presence of a preservative on chemical markers content during extraction process were evaluated according to a two 23 factorial designs. The antidiabetic and antihypertensive activity of the extracts were evaluated. The extracts obtained by maceration reduced glucose level on blood samples in hyperglycemic rats and showed surprisingly vasodilator activity. The pharmacological activity was used as a factor to choose the extracts for microencapsulation in polymeric system, using double emulsion technique (W/O/W) with solvent evaporation/extraction. In order to investigate the influence of different factors in microparticles formulation a 24 factorial design was performed. Microparticles were evaluated as yield, formation, aspect, size and encapsulation efficiency
Correction to: FungalTraits: a user friendly traits database of fungi and fungus-like stramenopiles. - In: Fungal diversity : an international journal of mycology. - 105 (2020) S. 1-16. - (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00466-2)
No full textThere were errors in the name of author Laszlo G. Nagy and in affiliation no. 31 in the original publication. The original article has been corrected
Proteomic analysis of inflammatory protein expression patterns in cell culture and transgenic animal models for Alzheimer's disease
No full textDementia is a syndrome characterized by failure of recent memory and other cognitive functions that is usually insidious in onset but steadily progresses with age. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of senile dementia. It is neuropathologically characterized by extracellular and perivascular aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide, by the generation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles due to a hyperphosphorylation of tau protein and by an increased rate of neuronal degeneration. The degenerative process starts 20-30 years before the clinical onset of the disease. Clinical diagnosis of AD is difficult but possible, but can only be confirmed by biopsy or autopsy. At present, no biological marker exists for early diagnosis of AD during life. Therefore, identification of biomarkers for AD would be of great value for clinical diagnosis of incipient AD. Recent studies have proven the involvement of inflammatory processes in the neurodegenerative events in AD. Inflammation may not be the first event in the progression of the disease, but it involves activation of glia cells including microglia and astrocytes and subsequent release of proinflammatory mediators. Cytokines released such as IL-1, TNF-α and IL-6 are the main proinflammatory cytokines that can modulate inflammatory responses as well as glial proliferation and activation. Oxidative stress triggered by inflammatory processes causes changes in proteins such as tyrosine nitration or lipid peroxidation. Aβ deposits, tau hyperphosphorylation, inflammation and oxidative stress may finally lead to changes in synaptic connectivity and efficacy including perturbation of long-term potentiation (LTP), important in the formation of memory. Proteomic technology used in these studies is a recent technology which is a two step process: separation of proteins and their subsequent analysis by mass spectrometry. Moreover, this technology can provide new information concerning the expression level, post-translational modification of specific proteins as well as their conformational changes during disease progression. In our study, this technology was modified and improved, e.g by the miniaturization of the complete process. Proteomic technology was also used in parallel with other methods such as chromatography in order to increase the sensitivity of detection by mass spectrometry.
This study aimed:
1) To establish that cytokine treatment of human microglia cells is an efficient method to
study certain aspects of AD pathogenesis. For this analysis, a map of protein expression
in normal and in treated microglia cells was made.
2) To map protein expression in APP/PS2 transgenic mice, a model for human AD, in
order to compare human AD brain with murine models.
3) To identify highly nitrated proteins in brains of transgenic animals. Several proteins
were found to be modified after injury.
4) To provide evidence for instability of synapses in AD brains. To start with this study,
the technologies used to map mouse brain cytosolic proteins were improved.
5) To isolate synaptosomal membranes from the whole brain and to analyse it by massspectrometry.
For mapping synaptic membrane protein expression in controls or
transgenic mouse models, the technology was miniaturizated and optimized. This study is
still in progress
