131 research outputs found
Data related to the paper 'Mobile surveys and machine learning can improve urban noise mapping: Beyond A-weighted measurements of exposure'
No full textSample raw data used in https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145600
This dataset supports the publication:
Tatiana Alvares-Sanches, Patrick E. Osborne, Paul R. White, 'Mobile surveys and machine learning can improve urban noise mapping: Beyond A-weighted measurements of exposure' published in Science of the Total Environment
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145600</span
Dataset showing how plastic bag coverings affect passive acoustic monitoring recordings made using the AudioMoth
No full textThis dataset supports the publication: Osborne, Patrick E., Tatiana Alvares-Sanches, and Paul R. White. 2023. "To Bag or Not to Bag? How AudioMoth-Based Passive Acoustic Monitoring Is Impacted by Protective Coverings" Sensors 23, no. 16: 7287. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23167287
The csv file contains the data used in Figures 4 to 7 and subsequent analyses. A full description of how the data were generated is provided in the publication. Briefly, experiments in an anechoic chamber allowed the creation of FIR filters that mimicked how protective coverings affect the FRF of 10 AudioMoth devices. These were applied to ~1000 recordings and 19 acoustic metrics were calculated from these. These data form the 39,960 rows in the csv file. The READ ME file provides details of the data columns.</span
Mobile surveys and machine learning can improve urban noise mapping: beyond A-weighted measurements of exposure
No full textUrban noise pollution is a major environmental issue, second only to fine particulate matter in its impacts on physical and mental health. To identify who is affected and where to prioritise actions, noise maps derived from traffic flows and propagation algorithms are widely used. These may not reflect true levels of exposure because they fail to consider noise from all sources and may leave gaps where roads or traffic data are absent. We present an improved approach to overcome these limitations. Using walking surveys, we recorded 52,366 audio clips of 10 s each along 733 km of routes throughout the port city of Southampton. We extracted power levels in low (11 to 177 Hz), mid (177 Hz to 5.68 kHz), high (5.68 to 22.72 kHz) and A-weighted frequencies and then built machine-learning (ML) models to predict noise levels at 30 m resolution across the entire city, driven by urban form. Model performance (r
2) ranged from 0.41 (low frequencies) to 0.61 (mid frequencies) with mean absolute errors of 4.05 to 4.75 dB. The main predictors of noise were related to modes of transport (road, air, rail and water) but for low frequencies, port activities were also important. When mapped to the city scale, A-weighted frequencies produced a similar spatial pattern to mid-frequencies, but did not capture the major sources of low frequency noise from the port or scattered hotspots of high frequencies. We question whether A-weighted noise mapping is adequate for health and wellbeing impact assessments. We conclude that mobile surveys combined with ML offer an alternative way to map noise from all sources and at fine resolution across entire cities that may more accurately reflect true exposures. Our approach is suitable for noise data gathered by citizen scientists, or from a network of sensors, as well as from structured surveys.
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To bag or not to bag? How AudioMoth-based passive acoustic monitoring Is impacted by protective coverings
No full textBare board AudioMoth recorders offer a low-cost, open-source solution to passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) but need protecting in an enclosure. We were concerned that the choice of enclosure may alter the spectral characteristics of recordings. We focus on polythene bags as the simplest enclosure and assess how their use affects acoustic metrics. Using an anechoic chamber, a series of pure sinusoidal tones from 100 Hz to 20 kHz were recorded on 10 AudioMoth devices and a calibrated Class 1 sound level meter. The recordings were made on bare board AudioMoth devices, as well as after covering them with different bags. Linear phase finite impulse response filters were designed to replicate the frequency response functions between the incident pressure wave and the recorded signals. We applied these filters to ~1000 sound recordings to assess the effects of the AudioMoth and the bags on 19 acoustic metrics. While bare board AudioMoth showed very consistent spectral responses with accentuation in the higher frequencies, bag enclosures led to significant and erratic attenuation inconsistent between frequencies. Few acoustic metrics were insensitive to this uncertainty, rendering index comparisons unreliable. Biases due to enclosures on PAM devices may need to be considered when choosing appropriate acoustic indices for ecological studies. Archived recordings without adequate metadata may potentially produce biased acoustic index values and should be treated cautiously.<br/
Um género sui generis : o Teatro de Aforismos de Vicente Sanches
No full textEsta tese descreve aquilo que o dramaturgo português Vicente Sanches designa por Teatro de Aforismos. O Teatro de Aforismos, segundo o seu autor, é uma forma teatral, uma espécie de género ou estilo literário. Contudo, as peças que integram este teatro apresentam formas muito distintas, que sugerem uma constante modificação deste estilo. Alguns destes textos não se assemelham ao que habitualmente reconhecemos como peças de teatro, e o uso de palavras como “aforismo”, “teatro”, “personagem” ou “didascália” é muitas vezes estranho.
Nestas peças de aforismos “sui generis” expõem-se essencialmente ideias, uma vez que é isso que mais interessa, em detrimento da acção e de personagens concretas. A descrição que apresento do Teatro de Aforismos centra-se na forma como Sanches utiliza esta espécie de teatro para pensar sobre Deus, sobre a morte e a loucura e, especialmente, como é que esta forma teatral representa a concepção que o dramaturgo tem da sua obra e da arte que pratica. Esta última ideia, no fundo, reflecte a proibição que Sanches impôs à encenação dos seus textos e a importância da leitura e da imaginação em detrimento do espectáculo e da acção.This thesis describes the Theatre of Aphorisms, as labeled by the Portuguese playwright Vicente Sanches. According to its author, the Theatre of Aphorisms is a theatrical form, a kind of literary genre or style. However, the plays within this theatre manifest very diverse forms, suggesting a constant modification of this style. Some of these texts do not resemble what is commonly recognized as plays, and words such as “aphorism”, “theatre”, “character”, or “stage direction” are often employed unconventionally.
In this “sui generis” aphorism plays, the primary focus is on showcasing ideas, as that is what matters most, often to the detriment of both action and concrete characters. This description of the Theatre of Aphorisms centres on Sanches’s way to use theatre to contemplate God, death, and madness, and, especially, how this theatrical form represents the playwright’s conception of his work and the art he practices. This last idea ultimately reflects Sanches’ prohibition on staging his texts and underscores the importance of reading and imagination over spectacle and action
Um género sui generis : o Teatro de Aforismos de Vicente Sanches
No full textEsta tese descreve aquilo que o dramaturgo português Vicente Sanches designa por Teatro de Aforismos. O Teatro de Aforismos, segundo o seu autor, é uma forma teatral, uma espécie de género ou estilo literário. Contudo, as peças que integram este teatro apresentam formas muito distintas, que sugerem uma constante modificação deste estilo. Alguns destes textos não se assemelham ao que habitualmente reconhecemos como peças de teatro, e o uso de palavras como “aforismo”, “teatro”, “personagem” ou “didascália” é muitas vezes estranho.
Nestas peças de aforismos “sui generis” expõem-se essencialmente ideias, uma vez que é isso que mais interessa, em detrimento da acção e de personagens concretas. A descrição que apresento do Teatro de Aforismos centra-se na forma como Sanches utiliza esta espécie de teatro para pensar sobre Deus, sobre a morte e a loucura e, especialmente, como é que esta forma teatral representa a concepção que o dramaturgo tem da sua obra e da arte que pratica. Esta última ideia, no fundo, reflecte a proibição que Sanches impôs à encenação dos seus textos e a importância da leitura e da imaginação em detrimento do espectáculo e da acção.This thesis describes the Theatre of Aphorisms, as labeled by the Portuguese playwright Vicente Sanches. According to its author, the Theatre of Aphorisms is a theatrical form, a kind of literary genre or style. However, the plays within this theatre manifest very diverse forms, suggesting a constant modification of this style. Some of these texts do not resemble what is commonly recognized as plays, and words such as “aphorism”, “theatre”, “character”, or “stage direction” are often employed unconventionally.
In this “sui generis” aphorism plays, the primary focus is on showcasing ideas, as that is what matters most, often to the detriment of both action and concrete characters. This description of the Theatre of Aphorisms centres on Sanches’s way to use theatre to contemplate God, death, and madness, and, especially, how this theatrical form represents the playwright’s conception of his work and the art he practices. This last idea ultimately reflects Sanches’ prohibition on staging his texts and underscores the importance of reading and imagination over spectacle and action
Efeito da temperatura em diferentes aspectos da fotossíntese de Lithothamnion superpositum (Corallinales, Rhodophyta
No full textTCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Biologia.As mudanças climáticas globais provocarão conseqüências físicas e químicas no ambiente marinho. Dentre elas, possíveis variações na temperatura promovem alterações fisiológicas alterando o comportamento respiratório e fotossintético e, assim as taxas de crescimento de organismos fitobênticos, especialmente. Dentre estes organismos, algas calcárias têm grande importância ecológica, com fornecimento de nicho e substrato para outras algas e invertebrados. Nesse grupo os efeitos de alterações da temperatura da água do mar são potencialmente ainda mais preocupantes, pois além de serem organismos chaves para o ambiente marinho, estão intimamente relacionadas ao ciclo do carbono. O presente trabalho verificou mudanças na resposta fotossintética de Lithothamnion superpositum (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) relacionadas à variação de temperatura. Assim, espécimes trazidos da Rebio do Arvoredo (22º C) foram incubados por 24h, a 15°C, 20°C, 25°C e 30°C. Por sete dias consecutivos as taxas de transferência de elétrons (ETR) e a fluorescência da Clorofila a do Fotossistema II foram aferidos com o fluorímetro DIVING-PAM. Também foram observados o balanço de oxigênio dissolvido e pH mantendo as plantas e controles no claro e escuro. Após esse tempo, foram extraídos os pigmentos (Aloficocianina, Ficocianina, Ficoeritrina e Clorofila). Os resultados evidenciam que as plantas mantidas a 20, 25 e 35°C, tiveram pouca diferença em relação à Pmáx, Ik e à β. Em relação à α não houve diferença significativa entre elas. Maiores concentrações de pigmentos foram encontradas nas plantas mantidas a 25°C. Pode-se sugerir, portanto, que as melhores temperaturas para as algas dessa espécie são as mais altas, encontradas nas regiões tropicais
Progressos na economia da religião
No full textText originally published as Progress in the Economics of Religion in the Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, v. 150, n. 4, pp. 737-744, 1994. The translation was kindly authorized by the author Laurence R. Iannaccone.Texto originalmente publicado sob o título Progress in the Economics of Religion no Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, v. 150, n. 4, pp. 737-744, 1994. A tradução foi gentilmente autorizada pelo autor Laurence R. Iannaccone.Texto publicado originalmente con el título Progress in the Economics of Religion en el Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, v. 150, n. 4, pp. 737-744, 1994. La traducción ha sido amablemente autorizada por el autor Laurence R. Iannaccone
A dynamic model of unsecured credit
No full textThe author studies the terms of credit in a competitive market in which sellers (lenders) are willing to repeatedly finance the purchases of buyers (borrowers) by engaging in a credit relationship. The key frictions are: (i) the lender is unable to observe the borrower's ability to repay a loan; (ii) the borrower cannot commit to any long-term contract; (iii) it is costly for the lender to contact a borrower and to walk away from a contract; and (iv) transactions within each credit relationship are not publicly observable. The lender's optimal contract has two key properties: delayed settlement and debt forgiveness. Asymmetric information gives rise to the property of delayed settlement, which is a contingency in which the lender allows the borrower to defer the repayment of his loan in exchange for more favorable terms of credit within the relationship. This property, together with the borrowers' lack of commitment, gives rise to debt forgiveness. When the borrower's participation constraint binds, the lender needs to "forgive" part of the borrower's debt to keep him in the relationship. Finally, the author studies the impact of the changes in the initial cost of lending on the terms of credit.Credit ; Contracts
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