149 research outputs found
Predicting the Risk of Crystallization for Suspensions of Amorphous Spray Dried Dispersions from Structural, Thermal and Hydrophilicity Properties
No full textSuspensions of spray dried amorphous dispersions are a valuable tool for enhancing the exposure of poorly soluble compounds in preclinical animal models. However, limitations in drug supply and time/cost of manufacture in the drug discovery space make it desirable to predict the likelihood of obtaining a physically stable (free from detectable crystallization) suspension prior to synthetic scale-up and processing of a candidate compound. Background information on this topic is covered in Chapter 1. For 33.3% drug load solid dispersions in Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) suspended in 0.5% Methocel + 0.25% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) + 5 mM HCl, a platform formulation frequently used in discovery, a 2-tiered model can be used to correctly predict the stability of 22 of 24 model compounds. First, the model considers the humidity adjusted glass transition temperature of the solid dispersion (Tg,dispersion,100% RH). For compounds where Tg,dispersion,100% RH is >30 °C, the dispersion is typically free from crystallization within 3 hours of preparation, which is attributed to a decrease in molecular mobility. 3 hours was selected as the timeframe between suspension preparation and dosing for the purpose of the present research. For compounds where Tg,dispersion,100% RH is 30 °C, the dispersion is typically free from crystallization within 3 hours of preparation, which is attributed to a decrease in molecular mobility. 3 hours was selected as the timeframe between suspension preparation and dosing for the purpose of the present research. For compounds where Tg,dispersion,100% RH is 1000 to be predicted stable) can be used to successfully predict a 3 hour shelf-life
Synthesis of standards and procedures for specimen preparation and in-field evaluation of cold-recycled asphalt mixtures
No full textThe use of recycled asphalt (RA) materials in pavement rehabilitation processes is continuously increasing as recycling techniques, such as cold recycling (CR), are being utilised in increasing magnitude and greater awareness for use of recycled materials and consideration of sustainable practices is becoming common in the construction industry. The focus of this paper is on developing a state of the art and state of the practice summary of processes used for classification of RA as well as the curing and specimen preparation practices for cold-recycled asphalt mixtures. A variety of topics were explored through an exhaustive literature search, these include RA production methods, definition of RA materials, stockpiling practices, industrial operations, specimen curing and preparation practices and in-field evaluation of cold-recycled rehabilitation. This paper was developed through efforts of CR task group (TG6) of RILEM Technical Committee on Testing and Characterization of Sustainable Innovative Bituminous Materials and System
Comparaison interculturelle des parcs naturels entre la France et la Hongrie au niveau de leur management et des expériences des visiteurs
No full textCross-cultural investigations in management prevail over those on for-profit organizations, while intercultural studies on protected natural areas is a relatively untapped field of research. This thesis proposes cross-cultural models (adapted from the existing model of Hofstede, along with marketing and management concepts) for the analysis of the park management and visitor experiences at (protected) European natural parks. Among the various methods used, the most relevant were the semi-directed interviews with actors of the park management and the visitor survey, while document analysis and observations also completed our findings. Using our analysis of the park management, stakeholders, physical activities, and visitor experiences, we concluded, that cultural differences influence both the park management and visitor experiences, though, in different ways. While cultural differences were found between the French and Hungarian visitors, their recreational consumption patterns show signs of international/global considerations, whereas the choice of physical activities and demographic characteristics also proved to shape visitor experiences. In turn, operations and directions of park management were confirmed to be affected by cultural differences to a larger extent, while these were also influenced by the geographical characteristics of the natural sites. However, managerial considerations were found to be interrelated with the visitors’ behavior, the legislative background and the geographical features of the area.Les recherches multiculturelles en management prévalent sur les organisations à but lucratif, tandis que les études interculturelles sur les zones naturelles protégées constituent encore un domaine relativement peu exploité. Cette thèse propose des modèles interculturels adaptés (issus du modèle existant de Hofstede, complétés des concepts appartenant aux domaines du marketing et du management) pour l’analyse de la gestion de parcs et des expériences des visiteurs vécues au sein des parcs naturels européens (protégés). Parmi les différentes méthodes utilisées, les plus pertinentes s’avèrent être la conduite d’entretiens semi-directifs avec des dirigeants de parcs et l’enquête effectuée auprès des visiteurs, tandis que l’analyse de documents et les observations complètent nos résultats. À partir de nos analyses sur la gestion des parcs, les parties prenantes, les activités outdoor et les expériences des visiteurs, nous concluons que les différences culturelles influencent à la fois la gestion du parc et les expériences des visiteurs, mais d’une façon distincte. Bien que les différences culturelles soient constatées entre les visiteurs français et hongrois, leurs modes de consommation montrent des signes de facteurs internationaux/globaux, tandis que le choix des activités physiques et des caractéristiques démographiques s’avèrent également façonner les expériences des visiteurs. Les opérations et les directions de la gestion des parcs ont également confirmé être influencées par les différences culturelles dans une plus large mesure, bien qu’elles soient aussi déterminées par les caractéristiques géographiques des sites naturels. Cependant, les considérations managériales sont aussi liées au comportement du visiteur, au contexte législatif et aux caractéristiques géographiques du site
Formation and stabilization of amorphous molecular level solid dispersions
No full textSeveral factors described in the literature provide useful measures of the potential of drugs to crystallize from the amorphous form both alone and in the presence of the polymer. It has also been observed that materials which tend to be physically stable in the absence of a polymer are generally physically stable in the presence of a polymer and the thermodynamics of pure amorphous materials has been highlighted as a significant factor which will influence physical stability. However, the thermodynamic properties of a drug in an amorphous molecular level solid dispersion are expected to be different from the pure system and are not well understood. Therefore the goal of this research is to better understand the thermodynamic implications of polymer addition. In particular, this study attempts to address the following question: how does a polymer influence the thermodynamic activity of the drug in the amorphous molecular level solid dispersion relative to the thermodynamic activity of the pure amorphous drug? It is hypothesized that the greater the tendency for an amorphous drug to crystallize, the greater the modification of the amorphous form, through the addition of a polymer, that is required to maintain a physically stable amorphous molecular level dispersion. In order to address this hypothesis, there was a need to develop and apply experimental techniques and models which enable estimations of the thermodynamics of mixing drugs and polymers to be made. These models are described in this thesis and are based on the application of well developed solution theories to non-equilibrium glassy amorphous molecular level solid dispersions. These models, coupled with data extracted from various experimental techniques, provide (i) an estimation of the thermodynamics of mixing drugs and polymers and (ii) an understanding of the thermodynamic consequences of mixing a drug with a polymer
Impacts of decentralization-deconcentration laws on amateur football in Cameroon : an application in the Central and Western regions
No full textCette thèse analyse l’impact des lois de décentralisation-déconcentration sur les politiques de développement du football amateur dans les régions du Centre et de l’Ouest du Cameroun. Plusieurs décennies après la promulgation des lois de décentralisation, ces politiques tardent à connaitre leur évolution. Comment convient-il d’articuler le processus de décentralisation-déconcentration à celui de la dynamique de développement des politiques sportives de proximité en général et celles du football amateur en particulier ? Pour y parvenir, nous avons procédé à un recueil de données quantitatives (questionnaires) et qualitatives (entretiens semi-directifs) auprès des différentes parties prenantes, mais aussi à l’observation et à l’utilisation des données bibliographiques.Plusieurs années après, il ressort que 92% de compétences et 18% du budget de l’État ont été transférés aux collectivités locales. Cette dynamique est en parallèle liée aux pressions sociales, à la crise sociopolitique dans les régions anglophones (Nord-Ouest et Sud-Ouest) et à l’entrée en jeu des Conseils Régionaux en 2020. S’agissant des politiques sportives, on constate que l’État camerounais reste dans une logique de mise en place des politiques sportives en faveur du sport de haut niveau. Par contre, celles du sport de proximité en général et du football amateur dans les régions étudiées en particulier, tardent à se développer.Mots clés : Cameroun, football amateur, collectivités territoriales décentralisées, politiques publiques sportives, régions du Centre et de l’Ouest.This thesis analyzes the impact of the decentralization-devolution laws on the development policies of amateur football in the Central and Western regions of Cameroon. Several decades after the promulgation of these decentralization-devolution laws, development policies are slow to take off. How should the process of decentralization-devolution be linked to that of the dynamics of the development of local sports policies in general and those of amateur football in particular? To find suitable answers to this latter question, we have collected quantitative (questionnaires) and qualitative (semi-directive interviews) data from various stakeholders, but also resorted to the observation and the use of bibliographic data.Several years later after the promulgation of the above-mentioned laws, it appears that92% of competences and 18% of the state budget were transferred to decentralized local entities. This dynamic is in parallel linked to social pressures, the socio-political crisis in the English-speaking regions (Nord-West, South-West) and the coming into play of regional councils in 2020. With regard to sports policies, we note that the Cameroonian state remains in a logic of implementation of those of performance sport. On the other hand, those related to local sports in general and amateur football in the regions studied in particular is slow to develop.Keywords: Cameroon, decentralization-devolution, decentralized local collectivities, public sports policies, amateur football, Central and Western regions
On the particle formation in spray drying process for bio-pharmaceutical applications: Interrogating a new model via computational fluid dynamics
No full text
Tourisme durable et expériences touristiques : un dilemme. Proposition d'un dispositif d'analyse appliqué à l'itinérance en milieu rural
No full textInternational audienc
Insights into Water-Induced Phase Separation in Itraconazole–Hydroxypropylmethyl Cellulose Spin Coated and Spray Dried Dispersions
No full text- …
