114 research outputs found
Where do prices come from? Sociological approaches to price formation
No full textThe article provides an overview of the state of the art of sociological research on price formation. The dominant trait of the sociological approach to prices is to understand price formation not as the outcome of individual preferences but as the result of the social and political forces operating within the market field. The article proceeds from the concept of market fields and is organized around the three dominant approaches in economic sociology: the network approach, the institutional approach, and the cultural approach. -- Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über den Forschungsstand zum Thema Preisbildung in der Soziologie. Ausgangspunkt der Betrachtung von Preisen aus soziologischer Perspektive ist, diese nicht als das Resultat individueller Präferenzen zu verstehen, sondern als Ausdruck der sozialen und politischen Kräfte in Märkten. Der Artikel orientiert sich an dem Konzept der Marktfelder und ist anhand der drei Hauptrichtungen der Wirtschaftssoziologie strukturiert: des Netzwerkansatzes, des institutionellen Ansatzes und des kulturellen Ansatzes.
Los fundamentos micro de la economía: Futuro, expectativas ficcionales y las dinámicas del capitalismo en la teoría de Jens Beckert
No full textEn este artículo presentamos la teoría más reciente de Jens Beckert sobre el rol de las expectativas ficcionales en la economía capitalista. La novedosa propuesta del autor es utilizar la teoría de la acción y la orientación temporal de los actores como base para comprender las dinámicas del capitalismo. Para ello, Beckert opone a la noción de expectativas racionales de los economistas la idea de que los actores descansan en expectativas ficcionales (EF) sobre posibles futuros y actúan “como si” estos fueran a realizarse. Basándose en el amplio acervo de la sociología económica y la economía política, la teoría de las EF busca entender cómo funcionan los cuatro procesos que explican el dinamismo endémico del capitalismo como sistema económico- social: el crédito y el dinero, la inversión, la innovación y el consumo.In this article, we outline Jens Beckert’s most recent contribution on the role of fictional expectations in the economy. The author´s novel proposal is to draw on action theory and on the temporal orientation of actors as a basis to understand capitalist dynamics. With this aim, Beckert opposes to the notion of rational expectations the idea that actors lie in fictional expectations about possible futures and act “as if ” these will become true. The theory rests on the vast knowledge accumulated in economic sociology and political economy in order to understand the four processes that explain the endemic dynamism of capitalism as an economic and social system: credit and money, investment, innovation and consumption
Non-invasive, virtual unpacking of enclosed cuneiform - 3D reconstruction and visualization of clay tablets based on data acquired by portable micro-CT scanner
No full textIn this video animation we visualize the reconstruction of an enclosed cuneiform tablet (Louvre Museum, collection no. AO8295, 19th century BC, showing a loan contract, 5.9 cm x 6.1 cm x 2.1 cm) and the envelope. The surface reconstruction, feature analysis, segmentation, and visualization was performed by "EXAVIS42" - which was developed by the author, as part of the project - from high-resolution volume data (38 µm voxel size), acquired by the portable micro-CT scanner "ENCI" - constructed as part of the project - at the collection of the Louvre Museum (Paris). The cuneiform signs are emphasized by a diffuse lighting model, combined with curvature-oriented highlighting and darkening, and shadowing by precalculated ambient occlusion, implementing an optimized function for weighting orientations of rays and their distances of crossed surfaces. The video clip was exported from "EXAVIS42" as a sequence of 4.850 anti-aliased images in 1920x1080 resolution (50 frames per second), off-screen rendered in OpenGL, by taking advantage of key frame animation, interpolating camera positions and orientations, as well as numerous visualization parameters.
This video animation was first published as part of the report about the project in German television: "Forscher entschlüsseln die Geheimnisse antiker Keilschriften", Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR), 22.03.2024, https://www.ardmediathek.de/video/hamburg-journal/forscher-entschluesseln-die-geheimnisse-antiker-keilschriften/ndr/Y3JpZDovL25kci5kZS9hMzdiYjQ1YS1iYmMxLTQ5NGUtOTk1Yi0wM2NmYzNlYzlhNjQ (attached 25.06.2024, available until 22.03.2026).
For version 2, annotations were added.
3D CT and visualization data of the artifact AO8295 is published here: Michel, Cécile, Schroer, Christian, Olbrich, Stephan, Ehteram, Samaneh, & Beckert, Andreas. (2024). AO 8295 (X-Ray Tomography 3D data of an Enveloped Clay Tablet, Louvre Museum, Paris) [Data set]. http://doi.org/10.25592/uhhfdm.14776
The sources of our software EXAVIS42 is published here: Olbrich, Stephan, & Beckert, Andreas. (2024). EXAVIS42 – Efficient methods for creation, feature extraction, and interactive visualization of isosurfaces of 3D volume data [Software]. http://doi.org/10.25592/uhhfdm.1477
rplC T460C Identified as a Dominant Mutation in Linezolid-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains
No full textBeckert P, Hillemann D, Kohl T, et al. rplC T460C Identified as a Dominant Mutation in Linezolid-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2012;56(5):2743-2745.The ribosomal L3 protein was identified as a novel target in linezolid (LZD)-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Next-generation sequencing confirmed rplC T460C as the sole mutation in an LZD-resistant M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain selected in vitro. Sequencing analysis revealed the rplC T460C mutation in eight further LZD-resistant isolates (three in vitro-selected mutants and five patient isolates, including isolates from three different patients that developed LZD resistance during treatment) but in none of the susceptible control strains (n = 84)
Lo microfundado: Un contraste entre las teorías de Robert Lucas y Jens Beckert
No full textIn 1976, the economist Robert E. Lucas argues that Keynesian neoclassical
synthesis committed an error by not considering that the reactions of the agents are modified by the changes in economic policy; therefore, he proposes
to focus on the "deep parameters" involving individual preferences. The Lucas’
critique has been the base of the dominant macroeconomic models, microfounded
parting from maximizing agents that base their actions on rational
expectations. However, given the limitations that this approach has shown,
especially when dealing in a satisfying manner with motivations that give rise
to the action, it is appropriate to incorporate and oppose the analysis of Jens
Beckert, while it represents a radical change of perspective from the dominant
approach. If according to the author, what motivates economic action is the
"reasonable" intention to get the best results, materialized through decisions
that are made based on "fictional expectations". The possibility of calculating,
base of the neoclassical model, disappears. In a context of uncertainties, there
is no possible rational calculation. This allows us to re-think the micro-founded
approach, away from the deterministic result that methodological individualism
has reduced it to.En 1976, el economista Robert E. Lucas argumenta que la síntesis neoclásica-keynesiana incurre en un error al no considerar que las reacciones de los agentes se modifican ante cambios en la política económica; por ello, propone poner el foco en los “parámetros profundos” que implican las preferencias individuales. La crítica de Lucas ha sido la base de los modelos macroeconómicos dominantes, microfundados a partir de agentes maximizadores que parten de expectativas racionales. Ahora bien, dadas las limitaciones que ha demostrado este enfoque, en especial a la hora de abordar de manera satisfactoria las motivaciones que suscitan la acción, resulta pertinente incorporar y contraponer el análisis de Jens Beckert, en tanto representa un cambio de perspectiva radical frente al abordaje dominante. Si, de acuerdo al autor, lo que motiva la acción económica es la intención “razonable” de obtener el mejor resultado, materializada a través de decisiones tomadas en base a “expectativas ficticias”, la posibilidad del cálculo -fundante en el modelo neoclásico- desaparece. En un contexto de incertezas, no hay cálculo racional posible. Esto permite resignificar el abordaje micro fundado, alejado del resultado determinista al que lo ha reducido el individualismo metodológico
MPIfG Jahrbuch 2007-2008
No full textEditorial Die Jahre 2005 und 2006 Jens Beckert Interview "Wie viel Markt verträgt die Gesellschaft?" Jens Beckert und Wolfgang Streeck im Gespräch mit Winand von Petersdorff-Campen Aus der Forschung Europäisches Geld, nationale Politik: Wirtschaftspolitische Koordinierung in der Währungsunion Armin Schäfer Europas parteipolitische Zusammensetzung Philip Manow und Holger Döring Mit dieser Reform ist kein Staat zu machen Fritz W. Scharpf Reform der Unternehmensmitbestimmung Wolfgang Streeck und Martin Höpner Die fragile Geschichte der Arbeitsgerichtsbarkeit Britta Rehder Deutsche Biotech-Unternehmen und ihre Innovationsfähigkeit im internationalen Vergleich Knut Lange Güter mit negativem Nutzen Jens Beckert und Mark Lutter Märkte in der globalen Modeindustrie Patrick Aspers Grundlagen des Vertrauens: Wissenschaftliche Fundierung eines Alltagsproblems Guido Möllering Globalisierung politisch steuern? Renate Mayntz Daten und Fakten Nachwuchsförderung am MPIfG − Die International Max Planck Research School Journalistenprogramm Ausgewählte Veröffentlichungen 2005−2006 Promotionen und Habilitationen 2005−2006 Preise und Ehrungen 2005−2006 Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler am MPIfG 2005−2006 Wissenschaftliche Gäste am MPIfG 2005−2006 Organisation und Struktur des MPIfG MPIfG 2007: Wissenschaftliche Mitglieder, Fachbeirat und Kuratorium Informationsmaterial und Kontak
Description logics for shape analysis
No full textVerification of programs requires reasoning about sets of program states. In case of programs manipulating pointers, program states are pointer graphs. Verification of such programs involves reasoning about unbounded sets of graphs.Three-valued shape analysis (Sagiv et. al.) is an approach based on explicit manipulation of 3-valued shape graphs, which abstract sets of pointer graphs. Other approaches use symbolic representations, e.g. by describing (sets of) graphs as logical formulas. Unfortunately, many resulting logics are either undecidable or cannot express crucial properties like reachability and separation.In this paper, we investigate an alternative approach. We study well-known description logics as a framework for symbolic shape analysis. We propose a predicate abstraction based shape analysis, parameterized by description logics to represent the abstraction predicates. Depending on the particular logic chosen sharing, reachability and separation in pointer data structures areexpressible
The Power of Expectations
No full textAdvertising tells us that wishes really can come true. With the right deodorant, anyonecan be a cool guy. The new yogurt is guaranteed to make you slim. Paradise is waitingfor you at the seaside resort. It is well known that advertisements tell fictional storiesdesigned to arouse the expectation that the product in question is going to make us cool,slim, or feel rested and refreshed. Our author explains that the economic system as suchfunctions in a very similar way. Stories play an equally vital role in the seemingly rational world of investors and analysts
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