18 research outputs found
Design and Characterization of Anticancer Drug-Loaded Microspheres for Controlled Release
No full textMicrospheres refer to microparticles composed of a homogeneous mixture of active compounds and raw materials. Microsphere is a synonym of microparticle. Rectal drug delivery is an effective substitute for the oral and parenteral route of administration in partial avoidance of first-pass metabolism and protein peptide drug delivery. The rectum offers a relatively constant environment for drug delivery, provided the drug is presented in a well-absorbable form. The purpose of the present investigation was to prepare flutamide-loaded microspheres for a rectal drug delivery system with the aim of improving solubility, avoiding first-pass metabolism and enhancing residence time. Flutamide (FLT) was a gift sample from Cipla Pvt. Ltd. (Bangalore, India). Mucilage is extracted from Ocimum basilicum seeds (basil seed) in the laboratory, PEG4000, and Methanol. Flutamide is an anticancer drug that exhibits poor water solubility, poor dissolution and poor wetting. Flutamide encapsulated Mucoadhesive microsphere prepared by a simple one-step spray drying method using mucilage extracted from seeds of Ocimum basilicum as a natural polymer. The mucoadhesive microspheres were evaluated by different parameters such as percentage production yield, encapsulation efficiency study, particle size analysis, Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), ex vivo mucoadhesive test, and in vitro drug release stability study. The microspheres were spherical with a size of 2.53µm. The encapsulation efficiency was observed from 57.44% to 69.67%, while the percentage of mucoadhesion was observed from 70.68% to 89.01%. The microsphere releases around 88.28 % of the drug in 7 hours. The DSC and XRD studies show that FLT was molecularly dispersed. It was concluded that Ocimum basilicum mucilage microsphere-based suppository could be used to deliver FLT to rectal drug administration for improving solubility, bioavailability, and avoiding first-pass metabolism
Dynamic load balancing for petascale quantum Monte Carlo applications: The Alias method
No full textDiffusion Monte Carlo is a highly accurate Quantum Monte Carlo method for electronic structure calculations of materials, but it requires frequent load balancing or population redistribution steps to maintain efficiency on parallel machines. This step can be a significant factor affecting performance, and will become more important as the number of processing elements increases. We propose a new dynamic load balancing algorithm, the Alias Method, and evaluate it theoretically and empirically. An important feature of the new algorithm is that the load can be perfectly balanced with each process receiving at most one message. It is also optimal in the maximum size of messages received by any process. We also optimize its implementation to reduce network contention, a process facilitated by the low messaging requirement of the algorithm: a simple renumbering of the MPI ranks based on proximity and a space filling curve significantly improves the MPI Allgather performance. Empirical results on the petaflop Cray XT Jaguar supercomputer at ORNL show up to 30% improvement in performance on 120,000 cores. The load balancing algorithm may be straightforwardly implemented in existing codes. The algorithm may also be employed by any method with many near identical computational tasks that require load balancing.Journal ArticlePublishe
Projected Shifts in Potential Evapotranspiration under the Impact of Climate Change for India and Karnataka: A Jensen-Haise Approach
No full textClimate change, driven by long-term shifts in weather patterns caused by greenhouse gas emissions, has profound effects on agriculture, particularly crop production, which is highly dependent on weather conditions. Changes in rainfall patterns and rising temperatures can significantly reduce crop yields, especially in subtropical regions like India. Elevated levels of CO2 and temperature influence key biological processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, plant growth, reproduction, and water use. One crucial aspect of crop management affected by climate change is evapotranspiration, which plays a central role in the soil-plant-atmosphere water balance and determines irrigation frequency. Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) refers to the total water loss through the combined processes of transpiration and evaporation, both of which are governed by weather factors such as temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and wind. PET is an important indicator of the water that needs to be replenished through rainfall or irrigation, and its estimation is critical for calculating crop water requirements and adjusting irrigation schedules to maximize water efficiency. As climate change intensifies, it is essential to estimate PET for various crops, cropping systems, and agro-ecosystems over the coming decades to ensure effective crop and resource management. This study estimates PET for India, including Karnataka, from 2021 to 2070 using the Jensen-Haise method. The results show a mix of increasing and decreasing trends in annual PET, but an overall slight upward trend is projected over the 50-year period. The average annual PET for Karnataka is estimated at 2,516 mm/year, with an increasing trend expected in the next five decades. The highest monthly PET values are predicted for April (279.30 mm), May (307.46 mm), and June (319.36 mm). These projected increases in PET must be factored into crop selection, cropping systems, and water management plans to ensure sustainable crop yields and improved water use efficiency in the face of climate change
Mechanistic Aspects of the Polymerization of Lactide Using a Highly Efficient Aluminum(III) Catalytic System
No full textbibtex: ISI:000400802300037 bibtex\location:'1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA',publisher:'AMER CHEMICAL SOC',type:'Article',affiliation:'Thomas, CM (Reprint Author), PSL Res Univ, Chim ParisTech, CNRS, Inst Rech Chim Paris, F-75005 Paris, France. Maron, L (Reprint Author), Univ Toulouse, 135 Ave Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France. Maron, L (Reprint Author), UPS, INSA, 135 Ave Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France. Maron, L (Reprint Author), IRSAMC, LPCNO, 135 Ave Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France. Maron, L (Reprint Author), CNRS, F-31077 Toulouse, France. Maron, L (Reprint Author), IRSAMC, UMR 5215, F-31077 Toulouse, France. Robert, Carine; Schmid, Thibault E.; Richard, Vincent; Haquette, Pierre; Raman, Sumesh K.; Rager, Marie-Noelle; Thomas, Christophe M., PSL Res Univ, Chim ParisTech, CNRS, Inst Rech Chim Paris, F-75005 Paris, France. Gauvin, Regis M.; Morin, Yohann, Univ Lille, Univ Artois, CNRS, Cent Lille,ENSCL,UCCS,UMR 8181, F-59000 Lille, France. Trivelli, Xavier, Univ Lille, CNRS, UGSF, UMR 8576, F-59000 Lille, France. Guerineau, Vincent, Univ Paris Sud, Univ Paris Saclay, CNRS UPR2301, Inst Chim Subst Nat, Ave Terrasse, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. del Rosal, Iker; Maron, Laurent, Univ Toulouse, 135 Ave Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France. del Rosal, Iker; Maron, Laurent, UPS, INSA, 135 Ave Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France. del Rosal, Iker; Maron, Laurent, IRSAMC, LPCNO, 135 Ave Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France. del Rosal, Iker; Maron, Laurent, CNRS, F-31077 Toulouse, France. del Rosal, Iker; Maron, Laurent, IRSAMC, UMR 5215, F-31077 Toulouse, France.','author-email':'[email protected] [email protected]',da:'2018-12-05','doc-delivery-number':'EU1SV','funding-acknowledgement':'ENSCP; ANR [ANR-10-PDOC-010-01]; Fondation Pierre-Gilles de Gennes; CNRS; CALMIP-EOS [p0833]; CNRS [TGIR-RMN-THC Fr3050]','funding-text':'ENSCP, ANR (grant ANR-10-PDOC-010-01), Fondation Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, and CNRS are thanked for financial support of this work. This work was performed using HPC resources from CALMIP-EOS (grant p0833). We would like to thank Purac for a generous loan of rac-lactide. C.M.T. is grateful to the Institut Universitaire de France (IUF). Financial support from the TGIR-RMN-THC Fr3050 CNRS for conducting the research is gratefully acknowledged.','journal-iso':'J. Am. Chem. Soc.','keywords-plus':'RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION; CHROMIUM SALEN COMPLEXES; QUATERNARY ORGANIC SALT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PROPYLENE-OXIDE; RAC-LACTIDE; STEREOSELECTIVE POLYMERIZATION; ALTERNATING COPOLYMERIZATION; CYCLIC CARBONATES; RACEMIC LACTIDE','number-of-cited-references':'85','orcid-numbers':'Del Rosal, Iker/0000-0001-6898-4550 Gauvin, Regis/0000-0002-4788-4363 Guerineau, Vincent/0000-0002-1747-5016 Thomas, Christophe/0000-0001-8014-4255','research-areas':'Chemistry','researcherid-numbers':'Del Rosal, Iker/H-3419-2012','times-cited':'12','unique-id':'ISI:000400802300037','usage-count-last-180-days':'13','usage-count-since-2013':'83','web-of-science-categories':'Chemistry, Multidisciplinary'\International audienceWe report here a unique example of an in situ generated aluminum initiator stabilized by a C-2-symmetric salen ligand which shows a hitherto unknown high activity for the ROP of rac-lactide at room temperature. Using a simple and robust catalyst system, which is prepared from a salen complex and an onium salt, this convenient route employs readily available reagents that afford polylactide in good yields with narrow polydispersity indices, without the need for time-consuming and expensive processes that are typically required for catalyst preparation and purification. In line with the experimental evidence, DFT studies reveal that initiation and propagation proceed via an external alkoxide attack on the coordinated monomer
Thermodynamics and economic feasibility of acetone production from syngas using the thermophilic production host Moorella thermoacetica
No full textBackground: Syngas fermentation is a promising option for the production of biocommodities due to its abundance and compatibility with anaerobic fermentation. Using thermophilic production strains in a syngas fermentation process allows recovery of products with low boiling point from the off-gas via condensation. Results: In this study we analyzed the production of acetone from syngas with the hypothetical production host derived from Moorella thermoacetica in a bubble column reactor at 60 degrees C with respect to thermodynamic and economic feasibility. We determined the cost of syngas production from basic oxygen furnace (BOF) process gas, from natural gas, and from corn stover and identified BOF gas as an economically interesting source for syngas. Taking gasliquid mass transfer limitations into account, we applied a thermodynamics approach to derive the CO to acetone conversion rate under the process conditions. We estimated variable costs of production of 389 /t acetone, respectively). Conclusion: We applied an approach of combining thermodynamic and economic assessment to analyze a hypothetical bioprocess in which the volatile product acetone is produced from syngas with a thermophilic microorganism. Our model allowed us to identify process metrics and quantify the variable production costs for different scenarios. Economical production of bulk chemicals is challenging, making rigorous thermodynamic/economic modeling critical before undertaking an experimental program and as an ongoing guide during the program. We intend this study to give an incentive to apply the demonstrated approach to other bioproduction processes
Spatial estimation of water requirement in greengram under changing climates of North Interior Karnataka
No full textGreengram is one of the major protein rich grain legumes predominately cultivated in North Interior Karnataka (NIK). The study aimed at determining the water requirement of greengram variety DGGV- 2 using CROPWAT model that helps the farmers of NIK consisting of 12 districts in tapping the potential yields of this crop through proper irrigation management. The decadal analysis for 60 years was done under past (1991-2020) and projected climate (2021-2050) as per the recommended practices of UAS, Dharwad across four dates of sowing from 07th June to 28th June at weekly interval. The average crop evapotranspiration (ETc), effective rainfall (ER) and irrigation requirement (IR) under past climates (1991-2020) for NIK were 246, 269.3 and 37.4 mm, respectively. An increase of 26.8 mm in ETc, 21.6 mm in ER and decrease of 0.3 mm in IR were simulated under projected climates. Sowing late i.e., on 28th June under projected climate (2021-2050) simulated the lowest water requirement and irrigation requirement for all the 12 districts of NIK. The spatial distribution of ETc, ER and IR for all the 12 districts of NIK were interpreted under both past and projected climates using ArcGIS software
Correlation of serum transaminases with dengue serology
No full textAim: Clinical correlation of dengue serology with serum transaminases
Introduction: Dengue, caused by dengue virus, spread by AEDES genus mosquito, is one of the most significant arthropod borne disease. In severe and less severe forms dengue may affect liver enzymes. The goal of this research was to examine and compare dengue serology with serum transaminases.
Methodology: The study comprised of 109 cases for which informed consent was taken and the patients were monitored throughout their hospital stay. Dengue antibody detection was used to confirm dengue infection and serum transaminases were monitored.
Conclusion: All types of dengue infection frequently result in elevated transaminases values with SGOT rising much more thn SGPT. Patients with NS1 antibody + dengue, have significantly higher serum transaminases levels. Also, high SGOT and SGPT values may be a poor prognostic indication and an early sign of dengue infection
Screw Hydropower Turbine For Power Generation
No full textThe intention of any hydroelectric generating station is to convert potential energy associated with the water in a watercourse passing the station into electrical energy. Industry has broad experience in the field of screw pumps and screw pump installations. For nearly 100 years Micro-hydro power plants has designed, manufactured, supplied, erected and maintained many types of screw pump configurations. Since the early eighties Micro-hydro power plants had available a fully automated screw pump selection This project is used to select the optimum screw pump for a particular application with least or zero head. This can produce some electricity using small generator
