International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
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Impact of Climatic and Anthropogenic Factors on the Spatio-temporal Dynamics of Mangroves in the Grand-Bassam Wetland, Côte d\u27Ivoire
No full textBackground: Mangroves in Côte d\u27Ivoire, particularly in the Grand-Bassam Ramsar Wetland (GBRW), are seriously threatened by human activities and climate change. Since 1989, these pressures have considerably reduced their area, increasing the risk of coastal erosion and flooding.
Aim: This thesis examines the spatiotemporal evolution of Ivorian mangroves under the effect of climate change, focusing on the changes that occurred between 1989 and 2024.
Methodology: The study relies on remote sensing techniques, such as Landsat satellite image classification and the Land Cover Modeler (LCM) module to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of mangroves. In addition, socio-economic surveys were conducted among local populations, making it possible to identify the causes and consequences of these transformations. Finally, the collection of physicochemical data on mangrove waters to assess their state under the effect of climate change. The methodology used allows for anticipating actions for better mangrove management, as it enabled us to estimate the area lost over the past 35 years and the risks faced by this area.
Results: The results obtained show a 65.55% decrease in mangrovy cover between 1989 and 2024. Climate factors, such as sea level rise (estimated at +18 cm by 2050), play a major role in this degradation. At the same time, the demand for firewood and urbanization have contributed to unsustainable exploitation of mangrove resources.
Conclusion: Despite conservation efforts, the lack of concrete restoration projects has slowed down attempts at resilience
Chitosan Nanoparticles as Biocompatible Tool in Agriculture
No full textChitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) are gaining attention in agriculture due to their sustainable properties and multifunctional applications. Derived from chitin, a naturally abundant polymer found in the shells of crustaceans, these nanoparticles, exhibit biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial activity, making them suitable for enhancing agricultural productivity while minimizing environmental impact. Production of chitosan from crustacean shell generally consists of four basic steps viz., demineralization, deproteinization, decolouration, and deacetylation. Coupling nanotechnology with chitosan enhances the efficacy and reduces wastage due to their small size and high surface area. When reduced to nanoparticle size, chitosan demonstrates enhanced bioactivity, making it an effective tool in sustainable agricultural practices. CNPs are utilized in various applications such as plant growth promotion, pest control, disease management, and soil health improvement
Effect of Foliar Application of Various Micronutrients on Fruit Yield and Quality Attributes of Guava
No full textThe present investigation “Effect of foliar application of various micronutrients on fruit yield and quality attributes of Guava (Psidium guajava) cv. Allahabad safeda” was undertaken at Central Research Field, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj (UP) during 2022-2023. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatment combinations viz, T0 (Control), T1 (FeSO4) 0.4%, T2 (ZnSO4) 0.5%, T3 (H3BO3) 0.4%, T4 (KNO3) 3%, T5 (FeSO4) 0.4% + (ZnSO4) 0.5%, T6 (ZnSO4) 0.5% + (KNO3) 3%, T7 (KNO3) 3% + (FeSO4) 0.4%, T8 (H3BO3) 0.4% + (KNO3) 3%, T9 (FeSO4) 0.2% + (ZnSO4) 0.25% + H3BO3 (0.2%) +(KNO3) 1.5% with three replications. The main objective of the experiment was to find out the effect of various levels of micronutrients on yield and quality of guava and to estimate the economics of various treatments. From the present investigation treatment T9 (FeSO4) 0.2% + (ZnSO4) 0.25% + (H3BO3) 0.2% +(KNO3) 1.5%, performed best in terms of yield parameters, (fruit weight (130.45g), fruit length (7.93cm), fruit diameter (7.28cm), fruit yield per tree (42.10 kg) and quality parameters T.S.S (10.230Brix), Acidity (0.38%), Ascorbic acid (150.03mg/100g), Total sugars (7.86%) of Guava. However, highest B: C ratio was found in Treatment T5 (FeSO4 (0.4%) +ZnSO4 (0.5%) with 4.61
Effects on Birds in Natural and Man-made Climate Change Scenario: A Neotropical Perspective
No full textBirds, with their vibrant plumage and melodious songs, serve as nature\u27s living poetry, enriching our world with color and harmony. In the current scenario they are facing both natural and anthropogenic climatic variations. From alterations in migratory patterns and nesting behaviors to habitat degradation and pollution-induced stress, avian species navigate a complex landscape of challenges. According to the study, climate change has resulted in earlier egg-laying times, altered bird habitat, increased risk of disease transmission, reduced food availability, an earlier spring migration, and a decline in bird populations. Integrating findings from diverse ecological studies, this review explains the impacts of natural climate variations and human-driven environmental changes on bird populations. Recognizing the cumulative effects is key for developing adaptive conservation strategies to preserve avian biodiversity
Assessing Vegetation Decline and Soil Conservation Strategies in Kitui County, Kenya: Implications for Sustainable Land Management
No full textAims: This study examines the impact of climate change on vegetation resilience in Kitui County, Kenya, with a focus on the decline of Melia volkensii. It also evaluates the effectiveness of traditional soil conservation techniques in mitigating land degradation and sustaining agricultural productivity in arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs).
Study Design: A multi-temporal analysis of vegetation cover changes was conducted using remote sensing data, supplemented by field surveys and qualitative assessments of traditional conservation practices.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Kitui County, Kenya, between June 2019 and May 2020.
Methodology: Landsat images from 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020 were analyzed using ERDAS Imagine 2015 and ArcGIS Pro 2.5. Ground truthing validated classifications, while structured interviews identified common soil conservation methods, including terracing, contour farming, mulching, and agroforestry.
Results: Forest cover declined from 27% (18,649 ha) in 1990 to 10% (7,073 ha) in 2020, while farmland expanded from 8% (5,564 ha) to 51% (35,760 ha). Despite soil conservation benefits, adoption was hindered by resource constraints.
Conclusion: Integrating indigenous knowledge with modern conservation strategies is essential. Policy interventions, financial support, and community involvement are critical for enhancing vegetation resilience and ensuring sustainable land management in ASALs
Using Sentinel 1A (SAR) and Sentinel 2 Data for Assessing Water Spread Dynamics and Crop Diversification in Lower Palar Sub Basin, Tamil Nadu, India
No full textSentinel-1A Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite is highly beneficial for continuously monitoring the evaluating changes in agricultural areas and water spread area assessment. Having reliable information about water availability is crucial for effective regional planning. By analyzing water spread dynamics using SAR satellite data at the tank level, farmers can access more accurate and timely information, aiding in crop planning locally and regionally and improving water management practices. Utilizing SAR satellite data to track water spread is essential for addressing these challenges and enhancing agricultural productivity. This approach allows stakeholders to make better decisions about water resource allocation, promoting sustainable agriculture and water conservation. This study focused on the water spread area in Lower Palar tanks by analyzing multi-temporal Sentinel-1A SAR data, linking it to rainfall and cropping pattern changes in and around the command areas. The years 2020-2023 showed increased water spread compared to 2018-2019, suggesting improved rainfall distribution and potential for year-round cropping using Northeast monsoon rainfall for subsequent seasons. The study applied Random Forest machine learning for crop classification across seasons using Sentinel-2 optical datasets, leveraging the algorithm\u27s accuracy and efficient handling of large datasets to understand how water availability affects crop diversification in the Lower Palar Sub-Basin. The crop diversification confirmed through diversity index. The SID value of 0.59 was obtained in the Summer 2018, due to the even distribution of (n) number of crops like paddy, groundnut, sugarcane and watermelon. The lowest SID value (0.21) was observed in Rabi 2021 due to higher water spread and the adoption of mono cropping in larger areas
Evaluation of Water Pollution in the Locality of Mbang-Foulbe, Adamawa, Cameroon
No full textThe exponential growth of the cattle herd in the locality of Mbang – Foulbe, is not correlated the expansion of the pastoral space. Compared to a normal exploitation, the study area may characterize an overgrazing pattern which is combined with a significant accumulation of cattle manure, leading to a serious environmental problem. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the pollution of water in the study area. In this regard, two samplings campaigns were carried out, and consisted of surface and groundwater sample. The first sampling campaign was doing in the dry season and the second sampling campaign in the raining season. In those sampling campaign, we quantify the level of pollution by nutriments, such as: OM, NO2-, NO3-, NH4+, PO42- in the water. Volumetric and spectrophotometric analysis methods were used to quantify the levels of these pollutants in our various surface and groundwater samples. The well located on the cattle market (P1) has the highest nitrate and orthophosphates content 41.864±0.152 mg/L and 9.21±0.66 mg/L respectively. The well located on slaughterhouse (P2) records the highest levels of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen 7.14±0.12 mg/L and 2.583±0.003 mg/L respectively. Principal component analysis shows that the P1 and P2 wells have nitrate and nitrite concentrations exceeding the standards for water for human and bovine consumption. Pastoral activity has an impact on the quality of the environment and, by extension, on human health
Study on Agrometeorological Indices and Heat Use Efficiency for Black Gram (Kharif) Crop under Varied Environmental Conditions
No full textAn investigation was carried out to determine the optimal sowing time and variety for kharif black gram under rainfed conditions at the AICRP on Agrometeorology farm, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, during the 2023-24 season. A factorial randomized block design (FRBD) was used with three sowing dates (28 MW - 10th July, 29 MW - 17th July, and 30 MW - 24th July) and three varieties (PDKV Black Gold, AKU-15, and AKU-23/5), replicated thrice. Accumulated growing degree days (GDD), helio-thermal units (HTU) and photo-thermal units (PTU) were computed to analyze the crop’s thermal response. The results revealed that crop sown in 28 MW (10th July) recorded the highest GDD, whereas delayed sowing (29 MW and 30 MW) led to reduced thermal accumulation and shortened crop duration. Among varieties, PDKV Black Gold accumulated the highest GDD, followed by AKU-15 and AKU-23/5. Similarly, PDKV Black Gold exhibited the highest HTU, indicating superior adaptability to varying thermal conditions. Yield analysis revealed that crop sown in 28 MW produced the highest seed yield, while delayed sowing (30 MW-24th July) resulted in a significant reduction in productivity. Among the varieties, PDKV Black Gold recorded significantly higher seed yield, straw yield and biomass yield over AKU-15 and AKU-23/5; however, it was at par with AKU-15 in terms of harvest index. Thus, it can be concluded that optimal sowing time for kharif black gram under rainfed conditions is the 28th MW (10th July), as it recorded the highest thermal accumulation (GDD, HTU, PTU) and resulted in the highest seed yield. Delayed sowing in the 29th MW (17th July) and 30th MW (24th July) led to reduced thermal accumulation, shortened crop duration, and lower productivity. Among Varieties, sowing PDKV Black Gold around 10th July is recommended for maximizing productivity under varied environmental conditions in Vidarbha
Regenerative Agriculture and Soil Conservation: A Comprehensive Review
No full textRegenerative agriculture (RA) and soil conservation are critical approaches to enhancing ecosystem health, soil fertility, and biodiversity while improving agricultural productivity and resilience to climate change. These sustainable land management practices address environmental degradation and promote long-term agricultural sustainability. This study explores the principles and benefits of RA, emphasizing its role in soil health restoration, carbon sequestration, and climate change mitigation. It examines key RA practices, including conservation agriculture, organic farming, minimum tillage, crop rotation, cover cropping, agroforestry, composting, and livestock integration. A systematic review of RA practices was conducted, analyzing their ecological, agronomic, and economic impacts across diverse agricultural landscapes. Case studies and empirical data were assessed to evaluate the effectiveness of different RA strategies in improving soil structure, enhancing nutrient cycling, and increasing resilience to climate variability. Findings indicate that RA significantly improves soil organic matter content, reduces soil erosion, enhances water retention, and supports biodiversity. Conservation agriculture, a foundational RA practice, minimizes soil disturbance, maintains permanent soil cover, and promotes crop diversification, leading to improved soil health and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Organic farming fosters soil fertility and microbial diversity by eliminating synthetic inputs, while agroforestry enhances ecosystem resilience through tree integration. Additionally, composting and livestock integration contribute to nutrient cycling and soil structure enhancement. The widespread adoption of RA and soil conservation practices is essential for ensuring global food security, mitigating climate change, and preserving natural resources. Governments, policymakers, and stakeholders must promote RA through policy support, financial incentives, and knowledge dissemination to encourage sustainable agricultural transitions. Future research should focus on region-specific RA strategies, long-term soil health monitoring, and economic viability assessments to facilitate global implementation
Index Development for Building Institutional Capacity to Climate Risk Management in Rainfed Farming
No full textIn the past decade the cost made by the act of God has increased significantly in the world including India. Climate risk reduction measures are gradually mushroomed and executed through governance, where the rapport and decision-making among actors lead to seeding and reinforcement of institutions. In this respect, Institutions are the regulations that shape the rapport of actors in different phases of risk management. Based on the review of literature and discussions with experts, 7 dimensions along with indicators and sub-indicators through indicator approach method for institutional capacity. Total 33 indicators and 94 sub-indicators were identified and experts were given the relevancy rating score from relevant fields. The score 0.80 or above we finally considered for inclusion of 33 indicators and 74 sub-indicators in institutional capacity index