128 research outputs found
A nonparametric-test-based structural similarity measure for digital images
No full textIn image processing, image similarity indices evaluate how much structural information is maintained by a processed image in relation to a reference image. Commonly used measures,such as the mean squared error (MSE) and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), ignore the spatial information (e.g. redundancy) contained in natural images, which can lead to an inconsistent similarity evaluation from the human visual perception. Recently, a structural similarity measure (SSIM), that quantifies image fidelity through estimation of local correlations
scaled by local brightness and contrast comparisons, was introduced by Wang et al. [2004]. This correlation-based SSIM outperforms MSE in the similarity assessment of natural images. However, as correlation only measures linear dependence, distortions from multiple sources
or nonlinear image processing such as nonlinear filtering can cause SSIM to under or overestimate the true structural similarity. In this article, we propose a new similarity measure that replaces the correlation and contrast comparisons of SSIM by a term obtained from a nonparametric test that has superior power to capture general dependence, including linear and nonlinear dependence in the conditional mean regression function as a special case. The new
similarity measure applied to images from noise contamination, filtering, and watermarking, provides a more consistent image structural fidelity measure than commonly used measures
Counting mycobacteria in infected human cells and mouse tissue: a comparison between qPCR and CFU
No full textDue to the slow growth rate and pathogenicity of mycobacteria, enumeration by traditional reference methods like colony counting is notoriously time-consuming, inconvenient and biohazardous. Thus, novel methods that rapidly and reliably quantify mycobacteria are warranted in experimental models to facilitate basic research, development of vaccines and anti-mycobacterial drugs. In this study we have developed quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays for simultaneous quantification of mycobacterial and host DNA in infected human macrophage cultures and in mouse tissues. The qPCR method cannot discriminate live from dead bacteria and found a 10- to 100-fold excess of mycobacterial genomes, relative to colony formation. However, good linear correlations were observed between viable colony counts and qPCR results from infected macrophage cultures (Pearson correlation coefficient [r] for M. tuberculosis = 0.82; M. a. avium = 0.95; M. a. paratuberculosis = 0.91). Regression models that predict colony counts from qPCR data in infected macrophages were validated empirically and showed a high degree of agreement with observed counts. Similar correlation results were also obtained in liver and spleen homogenates of M. a. avium infected mice, although the correlations were distinct for the early phase (© 2012 Pathak et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Systems analysis of the process of implementing an innovation.
No full textMassachusetts Institute of Technology, Alfred P. Sloan School of Management. Thesis. 1968. M.S.MICROFICHE COPY ALSO AVAILABLE IN DEWEY LIBRARY.Bibliography: leaves 116-117.M.S
On the dynamics of transverse domain walls in biaxial magnetic nanostrips with crystallographic defects
No full textCinema verite in the Third World
No full textThesis (M.S.V.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1984.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCHIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 46-48).This thesis is essentially about the role and use of cinema verite in development communications. The central argument is that in the diffusion of this method of filmmaking to developing countries, the technology was separated from the philosophy. Briefly, it is argued that whereas the technology was readily adopted, the philosophy was rejected for a number of reasons. Chief amongst these is that under the major development paradigms of the first two decades after independence, industrialization and state centralization, the media were used to "hammer" the myths of modernization. In such a context, an aesthetic like cinema verite, which is committed to revelation and "mirroring" people as they are, was bound to have difficulties in being adopted. However, it is the contention of this thesis that, with the recent crisis in development theory and the development of the newer lightweight video technologies, cinema verite can provide a useful and necessary model. Recent theories of development stress the need for rural development and decentralization. In such a context, the role of media becomes one of encouraging participation by mirroring the concerns of the rural population. It is argued that cinema verite offers distinct possibilities. A videotape production is offered with the thesis. "When Movies Were Movies" was made using the simplest of video technologies. Though the videotape is not directly related to the area of development communications, it was the intention to use the videotape as a way of providing the author with experience in the production of observational film using the newer video technologies. The video production is supposed to work at three levels. It is an observation of the dilemmas of the Indian minorities of East Africa caught in the problems of assimilating into Canadian culture. It is also about the role played by media in shaping our perceptions. Finally, it is about the changes in technology which affect the very presentation of everyday life.by Sharad Shankardass.M.S.V.S
Identifying opportunities in large infrastructure projects for enhancing project value
No full textThis study explores towards the positive side of project uncertainties i.e., opportunity. Opportunities occuring in such projects has the potential to enhance the project’s initial objective and could add more value to the project. However, due to lack of an effective approach for opportunity identification and several constraints prevailing in such large projects, opportunities are not being identified properly. This study investigates the concept of opportunity in infrastructure projects and crucial factors that could stimulate opportunity identification in such projects along with constraint’s study that hinders such identification process. Here, a roadmap is developed for opportunity identification consisting of a procedure for identifying opportunity during tender phase with an assessment model that could help in identifying value-creating opportunities for the project. This identified opportunities could be then used by the project team to exploit benefit for the contractor involved in execution but also to the client for whom the project will be delivered
A Human-Machine Approach to Preserve Privacy in Image Analysis Crowdsourcing Tasks
No full textModern web information systems use machine learning models to provide personalized user services and experiences. However, machine learning models require annotated data for training, and creating annotated data is done through crowdsourcing tasks. The content used in annotation crowdsourcing tasks like medical records and images might contain some private information which can directly or indirectly identify an individual. The name, age, ethnicity, gender, contact details are examples of private information that directly identifies an individual. Indirect private information relates to the cultural, economic, and social factors of an individual. For instance, the visual cues of religious objects or symbols relate to the religious beliefs of an individual. In this thesis, we study how to minimize the amount of private information extracted from images using a hybrid algorithm which combines machine learning models and crowdsourcing. We also demonstrate that the proposed hybrid algorithm reduces the amount of private information exposed from the image and the cost of using the crowd for detecting private information in the image.Computer Scienc
Geomorphological Maps and Depth Maps for Elysium Planitia, Mars
No full textThe materials uploaded here contain the shapefiles for: 1) the major units; and 2) the flow units used to create the two geomorphological maps in Elysium Planitia on Mars; as well as 3) the depth maps derived from SHARAD of the flow units. The "MajorUnits" and "FlowUnits" files include shapefile format readable in GIS. The major units were digitized at 1:100,000-scale and flow units at 1:80,000, both datasets were mapped based on CTX images (see methods section in Voigt et al. (2023)). The "Depth_maps" file include all SHARAD derived depth maps from Voigt et al. (2023) in a .txt file format.For inquiries regarding the contents of this dataset, please contact the Corresponding Author listed in the README.txt file. Administrative inquiries (e.g., removal requests, trouble downloading, etc.) can be directed to [email protected]</p
Third Revision of the Global Surface Seawater Dimethyl Sulfide Climatology (DMS-Rev3)
No full textThis dataset contains all the input data and the Matlab codes for the Third Revision of the Global Surface Seawater Dimethyl Sulphide Climatology (DMS-Rev3)
Shrivardhan Hulswar, Rafel Simo, Martí Galí, Thomas G. Bell, Arancha Lana, Swaleha Inamdar, Paul R. Halloran, George Manville and Anoop S. Mahajan
*corresponding author: Anoop Sharad Mahajan ([email protected])
Details to run the code can be found in the word file: Code details.doc
Synthesis and characterization of 5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3h)thione derivatives
No full text1,3,4-oxadiazoles represent a class of heterocyclic five membered compounds it contain two nitrogen and one oxygen of great importance in Pharmaceutical chemistry. This nucleus show four isomeric forms 1,2,4-oxadiazole,1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, and 1,2,3-oxadiazole. This nucleus has various biological activity such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, antitumor, antidepressant, anticancer, analgesic etc. have been reported. A series of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles-2(3H)thione derivative has been synthesized in four steps and the derivative were characterized by FTIR spectral analysis. This article explain the different biological activities associated with 1,3,4-oxadiazole five membered ring are useful for researchers across the world working on this nucleus
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