1,721,077 research outputs found
HYPOTHESIS ABOUT KOSINJ PRINTING HOUSE – INFORMATION-HISTORICAL ANALYSIS
No full textPočeci tiskarstva nakon Gutenbergovog izuma te tiskanje prvih knjiga tzv. inkunabula
predstavljaju ogroman kulturološki, tehnološki pa i informacijski napredak u životu i razvoju
onih naroda koji su imali tu sreću tiskati inkunabule. Brzina prijenosa informacija rapidno je
povećana izumom tiskanja, jer su se knjige počele tiskati u nakladama i po nekoliko stotina
primjeraka, što je izradom rukopisnih knjiga prije toga bilo nezamislivo. Kako je pitanje
lokaliteta prve tiskare u Hrvata, a posljedično i lokaliteta tiskanja našeg prvotiska, još uvijek
otvoreno, glavni smjer ovog doktorata bit će sustavna i sveobuhvatna informacijsko-povijesna
analiza svih aktualnih teza o lokaciji naše prve tiskare. Potom će se arhivskim istraživanjem,
primjenom informacijskih metoda te kartografskom i povijesnom analizom ponuditi neke
nove spoznaje oko Kosinja kao mogućeg lokaliteta naše prve tiskare. Cilj je u konačnici dobiti
prvi rad na hrvatskom jeziku koji će obraditi cjelovitu problematiku početaka tiskanja naših
inkunabula, kao i mogućih lokaliteta naše prve tiskare. Rad će kroz nove spoznaje učvrstiti
Kosinj na karti prvih svjetskih tiskara objavljenoj 1962. godine u Gutenbergovom muzeju u
Mainzu. Hrvatski narod, koji je otisnuo prvi nelatinični misal u Europi1
te jedini tiskao
inkunabule na tri jezika i dva pisma, zaslužuje po prvi puta dobiti objektivnu i cjelovitu
historiografsku obradu ove kulturološki izuzetno značajne teme.The beginnings of printing after Gutenberg's invention and the printing of the first books
of the so called incunabula represent a huge cultural, technological and even informational
progress in the life and development of those nations wko were lucky enough to print
incunabula. The speed of information transfer was rapidly increased by the invention of
printing, because books began to be printed in circulations of several hundred copies, which
was unthinkable with the production of manuscript books before that. As the question of the
location of the first printing house in Croatia, and consequently the location of printing our
first book, is still open, the main direction of this doctorate will be a systematic and
comprehensive information-historical analysis of all current theses on the location of our first
printing house. Then, through archival research, the application of information methods and
cartographic and historical analysis, some new insights will be offered around Kosinj as a
possible locality of our first printing house. The goal is ultimately to get the first paper in the
Croatian language, which will address the entire issue of the beginnings of printing our
incunabula, as well as the possible locations of our first printing house. Through new findings,
the work will possibly strengthen Kosinj on the map of the world's first printing houses,
published in 1962 at the Gutenberg Museum in Mainz. The Croatian people, who printed the
first non-Latin missal in the Europe and the only one to print incunabula in three languages
and two scripts, deserve for the first time to receive an objective and complete
historiographical treatment of this culturally extremely important topic
Social and charitable activities of Aloysius Stepinac from 1931. to 1941.
No full textAlojzije Stepinac, čovjek iznimne duhovne snage i predanosti, ističe se kao najznačajniji vjerski vođa Hrvatske u 20. stoljeću.
Njegov život i djelovanje obilježeni su dubokom vjerom, moralnom čvrstoćom i hrabrošću u suočavanju s izazovima turbulentnog povijesnog razdoblja. Zahvaljujući njegovom razumijevanju složenih društvenih i crkvenih prilika, postao je prepoznat kao zagovaratelj vjerskih istina i temeljnih ljudskih vrijednosti.
Jedan od prvih znakova njegove pronicljivosti i iznimnog osjećaja za potrebe ljudi bio je osnivanje Caritasa Zagrebačke nadbiskupije. Ova humanitarna organizacija postala je važan oslonac za mnoge ljude u potrebi, pružajući im ne samo materijalnu pomoć već i duhovnu podršku. Stepinac je među vjernicima promicao slogu i zajedništvo. Bio je neumoran u uređenju odnosa unutar Katoličke akcije, radeći naporno kako bi osigurao sklad i zajednički rad svih članova. Svoju želju za postizanjem zajedništva nastojao ostvariti je organizirajući sastanke, savjetovanja i duhovne vježbe za članova Katoličke akcije. Njegova predanost euharistiji odražavala se u sudjelovanju i vođenju brojnih euharistijskih kongresa. Svjestan snage euharistije, poticao je vjernike da sudjeluju u ovim događajima koji su bili prilika za duboko duhovno iskustvo, ali i platforma za educiranje o važnosti euharistije. Kroz sudjelovanje na četiri socijalna tjedna, Stepinac je nastojao mobilizirati katoličku zajednicu kako bi se suočila s izazovima svog vremena. Njegova vizija pravednijeg i humanijeg društva nastavila je inspirirati buduće generacije katoličkih vođa i aktivista u Hrvatskoj. Jedna od najznačajnijih inicijativa koju je Stepinac proveo bilo je osnivanje čak 14 novih župa. Ova odluka bila je od iznimne važnosti za podizanje kvalitete pastoralne infrastrukture Zagrebačke nadbiskupije, istodobno jačajući vezu između Crkve i zajednice. Nove župe omogućile su sveobuhvatniju duhovnu skrb za sve vjernike. Stepinac neprestano je poticao laike da se uključe u djelovanje Crkve, vjerujući da svatko treba doprinijeti svojim talentima i sposobnostima.
Alojzije Stepinac bio je ne samo duhovni vođa već i vizionar koji je svojim radom i zalaganjem postavio temelje za budućnost Crkve u Hrvatskoj. Njegova posvećenost, hrabrost i predanost službi ostavili su neizbrisiv trag u hrvatskoj povijesti, a njegova vizija socijalne pravde i duhovne obnove i danas inspirira mnoge.Alojzije Stepinac, a man of exceptional spiritual strength and dedication, stands out as the most important religious leader of Croatia in the 20th century. His life and actions are marked by deep faith, moral fortitude and courage in facing the challenges of a turbulent historical period. Thanks to his understanding of complex social and church situations, he became recognized as an advocate of religious truths and fundamental human values.
One of the first signs of his insight and exceptional feeling for people's needs was the establishment of Caritas of the Zagreb Archdiocese. This humanitarian organization has become an important support for many people in need, providing them not only with material help, but also with spiritual support. Stepinac promoted harmony and unity among the faithful. He was tireless in arranging relations within the Catholic Action, working hard to ensure harmony and cooperation among all members. He tried to achieve his desire to reach unity by organizing meetings, consultations and spiritual exercises for members of the Catholic Action. His commitment to the Eucharist was reflected in his participation in and leadership of numerous Eucharistic congresses. Considering that he was aware of the power of the Eucharist, he encouraged the faithful people to participate in these events, which were an opportunity for a deep spiritual experience, but also a platform for education about the importance of the Eucharist. Through participation in four social weeks, Stepinac tried to mobilize the Catholic community to face the challenges of its time. His vision of a more just and humane society continued to inspire future generations of Catholic leaders and activists in Croatia. One of the most significant initiatives carried out by Stepinac was the establishment of 14 new parishes. This decision was extremely important for raising the quality of the pastoral infrastructure of the Zagreb Archdiocese, while at the same time strengthening the bond between the Church and the community. The new parishes enabled more comprehensive spiritual care for all believers. Stepinac constantly encouraged lay people to get involved in the activities of the Church, believing that everyone should contribute with their talents and abilities.
Alojzije Stepinac was not only a spiritual leader but also a visionary who laid the foundations for the future of the Church in Croatia with his work and commitment. His dedication, courage and devotion to service left an indelible mark in Croatian history, and his vision of social justice and spiritual renewal still inspires many today
Ideological and political assumptions of the Yugoslav "five-year plan" of the economy (1947 - 1951)
No full textU radu se autor oslanja na znanstvene radove, literaturu i izvore, te pomoću njih analizira razdoblje od 1947. do 1951., koji nam je znamenit jer se u njemu poglavito analizira petogodišnji plan privrede koji je utjecao na čitavu ekonomiju Jugoslavije. Osim na ekonomsku politiku i privredu, navedeno razdoblje obilježeno je događajima koji su utjecali na međunarodne odnose i promjene u strukturi stanovništva. Velike promjene dogodile su se i na selu, te imale velike posljedice za život seljaka koji su se morali prilagoditi novom ekonomskom sustavu. Sukob sa Savezom Sovjetskih Socijalističkih Republika koji se dogodio na razini Informbiroa 1948. označava veliki raskol na međunarodnoj političkoj sceni, ali i na ekonomskoj razini. Ambiciozan plan koji je za cilj imao unapređenje i višestruko povećanje proizvodnje i produktivnosti rada pokazao se kao preveliki korak, pogotovo ako uzmemo da je navedeni plan krenuo u izvedbu dvije godine nakon završetka Drugog svjetskog rata. Rat je iza sebe ostavio ljudske, gospodarske i infrastrukturalne štete. Nedostatak školovanih ljudi, radnika, objekata za proizvodnju i komunikacijskih veza bili su problemi koje je vlast pokušala riješiti tijekom petoljetke. U namjeri da se društvo što bolje preodgoji po načelima novog režima i da se što bolje iskoristi, vlast je mladež, odnosno omladinu slala na radne akcije. Osim industrije, velike promjene događale su se na selu. Agrarna reforma i proces kolonizacije mijenjaju sliku sela, kako ekonomski tako i društveno. Tijekom preobrazbe sela pokušavaju se uvesti novi oblici privrede, kolektivi poznatiji kao seljačke radne zadruge. Razilaženje s SSSR-om na ideološkoj bazi, vlast Jugoslavije potkrijepila je promjenama u vlasti, poglavito u privrednom sektoru. Zbog toga se u poduzećima uvodi radničko samoupravljanje i radnički savjeti.In this work the author relies on scientific articles, literature and source work, and with them he analyses the period from 1947. to 1951., which is interesting to us because it mainly analyses the five year plan of economy which had a large impact on the economy of Jugoslavija. Except for the interesting view on the economic politics and economy, the specific period is marked by the events which influenced the international relations and changes in the population structure. Great changes happened even in the village, and had great consequences in the lives of the villagers who had to adapt to the new economic system. The clash with the USSR, which happened on the Information bureau level in 1948. marks a great divide on the international political scene, but also on the economical level. Ambitious plan which aimed to achieve the goal of advancment in production as well as to multipe increase in production and labor productivity showed to be to big of a step, especially if we consider that the mentioned plan started two years after the end of World war II. War left in its wake human casualties, economic and infrastructural damage. The lack of the educated people, workers, factories and communication links were the problems which the authority tried to solve during the five year plan. In the intention that the population, and the youth were re-educated as best as possible in the principles of the new regime, and to use youth as best as possible, the authority sent the youth to the work actions. Except of the industry, great amount of changes happened on the village. The agrarian reform and the proces of the colonisation changed the picture of the village, both ecnomically and socially. During the transformation of the village, new forms of production are introduced, the collectives know as the peasant labour cooperatives. The divide with the USSR on the ideological basis, made the authority substantiate its rule, especially in the economic sector. Because of that workers 'self-management and workers' councils were introduced in the companies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Life, activities, and murders of seven Franciscan friars in Mostar on February 14, 1945
No full textKomunizam je politička i ekonomska teorija s korijenima u radovima Marxa i Engelsa. Ideja o društvu s kolektivnim vlasništvom i raspodjelom prema potrebama bila je osnova brojnih revolucija i pokreta u 20. stoljeću. Odnos komunizma i Crkve bio je često napet - komunizam je kritizirao religiju, dok je Crkva smatrala komunizam prijetnjom. Komunistički režimi su često progonili Crkvu i vjernike. Ipak, bilo je i trenutaka dijaloga i suradnje. Pad komunizma otvorio je nove mogućnosti za pomirenje, no naslijeđe komunizma i dalje utječe na religijsku situaciju u mnogim zemljama.
Cilj rada je prikazati život, djelovanje i ubojstva sedmorice hercegovačkih franjevaca u Mostaru 14. veljače 1945.Communism is a political and economic theory rooted in the works of Marx and Engels. The idea of a society with collective ownership and distribution according to needs was the basis of numerous revolutions and movements in the 20th century. The relationship between communism and the Church was often tense - communism criticized religion, while the Church considered communism a threat. Communist regimes often persecuted the Church and its followers. However, there were also moments of dialogue and cooperation. The fall of communism opened new possibilities for reconciliation, but the legacy of communism still influences the religious situation in many countries. The aim of the paper is to present the life, activities, and murders of seven Franciscan friars in Mostar on February 14, 1945
The Historiographical Legacy of Franjo Emanuel Hoško
No full textDiplomski rad "Historiografska ostavština Franje Emanuela Hoška" istražuje značajni doprinos franjevca-svećenika i povjesničara Franje Emanuela Hoška hrvatskoj historiografiji, posebice u kontekstu franjevačke povijesti od 16. do 18. stoljeća. Hoško je bio ključna figura u proučavanju franjevačkog reda u Hrvatskoj, s fokusom na kontinentalni dio, istražujući povijest školstva, pastoralnog i katehetskog djelovanja, te ulogu pojedinih franjevaca u razvoju crkvene i nacionalne povijesti. Rad se sastoji od tri glavna poglavlja: prvo detaljno opisuje Hoškov život, od rođenja u Pakračkom Antunovcu, preko obrazovanja i ulaska u Franjevački red, do značajnih akademskih i svećeničkih postignuća; drugo prikazuje kronološki uredeni popis Hoškovih historiografskih djela, uključujući monografije i članke, koji obuhvaćaju teme franjevačkog školstva, pastoralnog rada i ključnih pojedinaca u franjevačkoj povijesti; treće analizira teme kao što su franjevačko školstvo posttridentskog razdoblja, biografije zaslužnih franjevaca, te pastoralnu i katehetsku djelatnost franjevaca od 17. do 18. stoljeća. Hoško se ističe kao stručnjak za franjevačku obnovu i jozefinizam u Hrvatskoj, pružajući dubok uvid u franjevački doprinos hrvatskom društvu i kulturi. Rad zaključuje da je Hoškova historiografska ostavština ne samo opsežna, već i ključna za razumijevanje hrvatske crkvene i nacionalne povijesti, čineći ga nezaobilaznim izvorom za daljnja istraživanja.The thesis "The Historiographical Legacy of Franjo Emanuel Hoško" explores the significant contributions of the Franciscan priest and historian Franjo Emanuel Hoško to Croatian historiography, particularly in the context of Franciscan history from the 16th to the 18th century. Hoško was a key figure in the study of the Franciscan Order in Croatia, focusing on the continental part, investigating the history of education, pastoral and catechetical activities, and the role of individual Franciscans in the development of church and national history. The thesis consists of three main chapters: the first one details Hoško's life from his birth in Pakrački Antunovac, through his education and entry into the Franciscan Order, to his significant academic and priestly achievements; the second presents a chronologically ordered list of Hoško's historiographical works, including monographs and articles, covering topics such as Franciscan education, pastoral work, and key individuals in Franciscan history; the third analyzes themes such as Franciscan education in the post-Tridentine period, biographies of notable Franciscans, and pastoral and catechetical activities of Franciscans from the 17th to the 18th century. Hoško stands out as an expert on Franciscan renewal and Josephinism in Croatia, providing deep insights into the Franciscan contribution to Croatian society and culture. The thesis concludes that Hoško's historiographical legacy is not only extensive but also crucial for understanding Croatian church and national history, making him an indispensable source for further research
Henry VIII and the establishment of the Anglican Church
No full textHenrik VIII. Tudor (1491.–1547.), jedan od najslavnijih i najkontroverznijih kraljeva u povijesti Engleske, vladao je gotovo trideset i osam godina, od 1509. do 1547. godine. Kao drugi monarh iz dinastije Tudor, Henrik je naslijedio relativno mirnu, administrativno uređenu i financijski stabilnu državu od svog oca Henrika VII. Njegova vladavina obilježena je važnim političkim, vjerskim i društvenim promjenama koje su oblikovale budućnost Engleske.
Iako je bio obrazovan i talentiran, njegovu vladavinu obilježila je opsesivna želja za muškim nasljednikom. Bio je nepokolebljiv u svojoj želji da osigura muškog nasljednika, zbog čega je stupio u šest brakova, a ništa pa ni papa, nije moglo zaustaviti njegovu odlučnost. U nastojanju da se oslobodi svog braka s prvom suprugom, Katarinom Aragonskom, kako bi oženio mlađu ženu koja bi mu mogla dati željenog muškog nasljednika, Henrik VIII. tražio je od pape Klementa VII. da proglasi njegov prvi brak ništavnim. No, papa je odbio njegov zahtjev, što je izazvalo duboko nezadovoljstvo kod engleskog monarha. Ovaj odbijen zahtjev postao je ključna točka u povijesti Engleske jer je Henrik odlučio poduzeti radikalne mjere kako bi ostvario svoje želje. Umjesto da se pokorava papinskoj vlasti, odlučio je preuzeti kontrolu nad crkvom u Engleskoj. Godine 1534. proglasio je Englesku crkvu neovisnom od Rima, a sebe njezinim vrhovnim poglavarom. Reformacija je značajno ojačala ulogu Parlamenta, koji je donio ključne zakone poput Zakona o ograničenju žalbi i Zakona o vrhovništvu. Kroz ove zakone, oblikovane su značajne vjerske i političke promjene u Engleskoj. Nova Anglikanska crkva, koja je nastala kao rezultat raskola, nije bila protestantska, već raskolnička, čime je engleska reformacija poprimila jedinstveni karakter. Tijekom ovog procesa, poduzete su drastične mjere, uključujući zatvaranje i raspuštanje samostana širom Engleske, što je dovelo do masovne konfiskacije crkvene imovine. Nakon Henrikove smrti, prijestolje su naslijedila njegova djeca: Eduard VI., Marija I. i Elizabeta I.
Reformacija u Engleskoj započela je raskolom Henrika VIII., a pod vladavinom Eduarda VI. protestantizam je ušao u crkveni nauk i bogoštovlje. Nakon neuspjelog pokušaja obnove katolicizma pod Marijom I., Anglikanska crkva je dobila svoj konačan oblik za vrijeme vladavine Elizabete I.Henry VIII Tudor (1491–1547), one of the most famous and controversial kings in English history, ruled for nearly thirty-eight years, from 1509 to 1547. As the second monarch of the Tudor dynasty, Henry inherited a relatively peaceful, administratively organized, and financially stable state from his father, Henry VII. His reign was marked by significant political, religious, and social changes that shaped the future of England.
Although he was educated and talented, his reign was marked by an obsessive desire for a male heir. He was unwavering in his determination to secure a male successor, which led him to marry six times, and nothing, not even the Pope, could stop his determination. In an effort to free himself from his marriage to his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, so he could marry a younger woman who might give him the desired male heir, Henry VIII asked Pope Clement VII to annul his first marriage. However, the pope rejected his request, which deeply displeased the English monarch. This denied request became a pivotal moment in English history, as Henry decided to take radical steps to fulfill his desires. Instead of submitting to papal authority, he chose to take control of the Church in England. In 1534, he declared the Church of England independent from Rome and proclaimed himself its Supreme Head. The Reformation significantly strengthened the role of Parliament, which passed key laws such as the Act in Restraint of Appeals and the Act of Supremacy. Through these laws, significant religious and political changes were shaped in England. The new Anglican Church, which emerged as a result of the split, was not Protestant, but schismatic, giving English Reformation a unique character. During this process, drastic measures were taken, including the closure and dissolution of monasteries throughout England, leading to the massive confiscation of church property. After his death, the throne was inherited by his children: Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I.
The Reformation in England began with the schism of Henry VIII, and under the reign of Edward VI Protestantism entered church doctrine and worship. After a failed attempt to restore Catholicism under Mary I, the Anglican Church got its final form during the reign of Elizabeth I
Stjepan Radić and the Church from 1918. to 1928.
No full textU radu se analizira odnos Stjepana Radića i Crkve u razdoblju od 1918. do 1928. godine. U politički burnom desetljeću za hrvatsku državu Crkva i Stjepan Radić međusobno su se natjecali za političku naklonost seljaštva koja je činilo većinu hrvatskog naroda. Stjepan Radić je kao uvjereni antiklerikalac odlučno odbijao svaki utjecaj Crkve na politiku, a u sukobe je zalazio i zbog toga što je bio optuživan kao heretik što je odlučno nijekao. Mnogi su problemi te procesi (pojava starokatolicizma, pitanje konkordata, financija i sl.) bili podloga za međusobno optuživanje i obračune. Radić je odnio pobjedu u utjecaju na seljaštvo koje je velikom većinom prihvatilo njegovu ideologiju kao osnovu pri rješavanju hrvatskog nacionalnog pitanja.The paper analyzes the relationship between Stjepan Radić and the Church in the period from 1918 to 1928. In a turbulent political decade for the Croatian state, the Church and Stjepan Radić competed with each other for the political support of the peasantry, which makes up the majority of the Croatian people. As a convinced anti-clerical, Stjepan Radić firmly rejected any influence of the Church on politics, furthermore he often entered the conflicts because he was accused of being a heretic, which he decisively denied. Many problems and processes (the emergence of Old Catholicism, the issue of concordat, finance, etc.) were the basis for mutual accusation and reckoning. Radić won the influence of the peasantry, which for the most part accepted his ideology as the basis for resolving the Croatian national question
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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