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Blessed Virgin Mary - Image of the Church
No full textCilj ovoga rada jest promotriti na koji se način Crkva prepoznaje u Blaženoj Djevici Mariji. Marijina povezanost sa Crkvom proizlazi iz njezinog odnosa prema Isusu Kristu, Očevoj Riječi koju je ona spremna srca prihvatila i čitav svoj život predala Bogu na raspolaganje. Zato Crkva u Mariji gleda svoj pralik i uzor, ponajprije u svetopisamskim tekstovima, a kasnije i kroz dogmatske definicije kroz koje je Crkva, govoreći o Mariji, zapravo govorila o samoj sebi ističući svoju ulogu u povijesti spasenja. Konačno je taj govor okrunjen na Drugom vatikanskom koncilu koji je u svojem učenju stavio naglasak na promatranje Marije kao članice Crkve koja joj istovremeno prednjači u vjeri, nadi i ljubavi. Stoga je i ovaj rad podijeljen na tri dijela: prvi u kojem se govori o povezanosti Marije i Crkve prema Svetom pismu, zatim drugi u kojem je govor o tom odnosu kroz dogmatske definicije Crkve i naposljetku, u trećem dijelu, naglasak se stavlja na učenje Drugog vatikanskog koncila. Marija je, dakle, ud Crkve kroz koji se Crkva očituje kao Djevica, Majka, Bezgrešna i u kojoj je već proslavljena.The aim of this paper is to examine how the Church recognizes itself in the Blessed Virgin Mary. Mary's connection with the Church arises from her relationship with Jesus Christ, the Word of the Father, whom she accepted with an open heart and to whom she dedicated her entire life to God's service. Therefore, the Church sees in Mary its prototype and model, primarily through scriptural texts, and later through dogmatic definitions in which the Church, by speaking about Mary, was in fact speaking about itself, emphasizing its role in the history of salvation. This discourse was ultimately crowned at the Second Vatican Council, which in its teaching emphasized viewing Mary as a member of the Church who also precedes it in faith, hope, and love. Accordingly, this paper is divided into three parts: the first discusses the connection between Mary and the Church according to the Holy Scriptures; the second addresses this relationship through the Church’s dogmatic definitions; and finally, the third part focuses on the teaching of the Second Vatican Council. Mary is thus a member of the Church through whom the Church is revealed as Virgin, Mother, Immaculate, and already glorified in her
The Ministry of the Confessor as a Sacramental Actualization of Jesus Christ the Head and Shepherd
No full textSakrament ispovjedi bolje se može razumjeti ako ga promatramo i tumačimo kao sakrament pomirenja. Pomirenje je važan teološki pojam jer je najkonkretniji izraz koji označava stvarnost sakramenta kao događaj koji se očituje u susretu milosrdnog Boga i grijehom ranjenog čovjeka. Takav susret zahtijeva posadašnjenje poput posredništva kao veze uspostave pomirenja. U tom pogledu, na mjestu posredničkog položaja stoji Božji služitelj sakramenta odnosno ispovjednik. Njegovo poslanje očituje se u vršenju temeljnih ispovjedničkih službi to jest on u ime Isusa Krista vrši službu oca, liječnika, učitelja i sudca. Vršeći navedene službe po primjeru Isusa Krista, grešnom čovjeku to jest penitentu ili pokorniku, približava vrhunaravnu Božju stvarnost opraštanja koja se očituje u liku milosrdnog Oca punog ljubavi za grešnike, liječnika koji povija duhovne rane, učitelja koji naviješta Radosnu vijest i sudca koji milosno udjeljuje odrješenje od grijeha.The sacrament of confession can be better understood if we observe and interpret it as the sacrament of reconciliation. Reconciliation is an important theological concept because it is the most concrete expression that designates the reality of the sacrament as an event revealed in the encounter between the merciful God and the sin-wounded human being. Such an encounter requires a making-present that involves mediation as the means of establishing reconciliation. In this sense, the mediatory role is occupied by the minister of the sacrament namely, the confessor. His mission is manifested in the performance of the fundamental roles of the confessor, that is, he carries out the role of a father, physician, teacher, and judge in the name of Jesus Christ. By performing these roles in the example of Jesus Christ, he brings the penitent, the sinful person, closer to the supernatural reality of God's forgiveness. This is manifested in the figure of the merciful Father full of love for sinners, the physician who tends to spiritual wounds, the teacher who proclaims the Good News, and the judge who mercifully grants absolution from sins
Literature as a Link Between the Subjects of Croatian Language and Catholic Religious Education in Secondary Education
No full textOvaj diplomski rad za cilj ima pokazati kako tematska interakcija predmeta Hrvatskog jezika i Katoličkog vjeronauka može obogatiti nastavu i doprinijeti cjelovitom razvoju učenika. Rad se bavi istraživanjem na koji način književnost može povezati ova dva predmeta kako bi se učenicima omogućilo cjelovito učenje. Veza koju književnost stvara između tema koje se obrađuju u nastavi Katoličkog vjeronauka kao i u nastavi Hrvatskog jezika pokazuje se kao vrijedna i korisna budući da učenici čitanjem i analizom književnih djela produbljuju svoje znanje, uče se izražavanju misli, razvoju kritičkog mišljenja i empatije. Teme koje se obrađuju čitajući književna djela na nastavi Hrvatskog jezika mogu biti korisna podloga za produbljivanje i povezivanje s kršćanskim temama, načelima i vjerovanjima u nastavi Katoličkog vjeronauka. Na posljetku, važnost književnosti kao sredstva interdisciplinarnog povezivanja leži u potrebi da se učenicima omogući cjeloviti razvoj kako bi što bolje razumjeli svoju ulogu u društvu.The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate how thematic interaction between the subjects of Croatian Language and Catholic Religious Education can enrich teaching and contribute to the holistic development of students. The thesis explores the ways in which literature can serve as a bridge between these two subjects, thereby fostering integrative learning. The connection literature establishes between topics addressed in both Catholic Religious Education and Croatian Language classes proves to be valuable and beneficial, as students, through reading and literary analysis, deepen their knowledge, learn to articulate their thoughts, and develop critical thinking and empathy. The themes encountered in literary works studied in Croatian Language classes can provide a meaningful foundation for deepening and connecting with Christian topics, principles, and beliefs presented in Catholic Religious Education. Ultimately, the significance of literature as a medium of interdisciplinary integration lies in the necessity of enabling students to achieve comprehensive personal development, equipping them to better understand their role in society
We from the Main Railway Station in Zagreb: The Homeless in the Thought and Action of the Church
No full textU diplomskom radu uz teoretski prikaz crkvenog djelovanja među beskućnicima bilo kroz nauk ili kroz konkretne pastoralne aktivnosti, također prikazani su rezultati istraživanja religioznosti i odnosa prema Crkvi kao instituciji od strane beskućnika koje je provedeno za potrebe diplomskog rada.
U prvom poglavlju daje se opći prikaz govora civilnih institucija u svijetu, Europi i Republici Hrvatskoj o socijalno ugroženim osobama te govor Crkve o siromasima i beskućnicima u Svetom pismu, pomoću poticaja svetaca te dokumenata Crkve.
U drugom poglavlju ukratko se prikazuje crkvena praksa djelovanja među beskućnicima, uz kratko predstavljanje Apostolske milostinjarne te djelovanja Caritasa, pučkih kuhinja i drugih inicijativa.
U trećem poglavlju predstavljaju se konkretna iskustva rada s beskućnicima. Provedeno je istraživanje te su prikazani rezultati dobiveni u intervjuima s beskućnicima grada Zagreba.In addition to the theoretical presentation of the church's activity among the homeless, either through teaching or through concrete pastoral activities, the thesis also presented the results of research on religiosity and attitudes towards the Church as an institution by the homeless which was conducted for the purposes of the thesis.
In the first chapter, there is a general overview of the speech of civil institutions in the world, Europe and the Republic of Croatia about socially vulnerable people and the Church's speech about the poor and homeless in the Holy Scriptures, using the encouragement of saints and Church documents.
In the second chapter, the church's practice of action among the homeless is briefly presented, along with a brief presentation of the Apostolic Almshouse and the activities of Caritas, soup kitchens and other initiatives.
In the third chapter, concrete experiences of working with the homeless. A study was conducted and the results obtained in interviews with the homeless of the city of Zagreb were presented
Death as transitus: Theological-Anthropological Reading of the Death of St. Francis of Assisi
No full textPredmet ovoga rada jest teološko-antropološko čitanje smrti sv. Franje, koja postaje interpretacijskim ključem čitave njegove egzistencije. Prvo poglavlje donosi pregled biblijske antropologije, analizirajući odnos prema smrti u stanju potpune nevinosti, promjene nastale nakon prvoga grijeha te novost koja je posljedica Kristova otkupljenja, koje krštenicima omogućava drukčije iskustvo smrti. Drugo poglavlje proučava smrt na temelju Pjesme stvorova i Franjinih životopisa. Na koncu, u posljednjem poglavlju iznose se vidovi pod kojima je Franjinu smrt bilo moguće razumjeti kao transitus. Dolazi se do spoznaje kako je njegova smrt plod čitava života koji ne treba izazvati samo divljenje već postati putokaz za nasljedovanje. Naime, u njegovu se izvanrednu odnosu prema smrti očituje redovitost kršćanskoga poziva na puninu života, onako kako nam o tome svjedoči evanđelje.The subject of this paper is a theological-anthropological reading of Francis’ death, which becomes the interpretative key of his entire existence. The first chapter provides an overview of biblical anthropology, analyzing the attitude toward death in the state of complete innocence, the changes brought about by the first sin, and the newness that is a consequence of Christ’s redemption, which enables the baptized to experience death differently. The second chapter studies death based on the Canticle of the Creatures and biographies of St. Francis. Finally, the last chapter presents the perspectives from which Francis’s death can be understood as transitus. It concludes that his death was the culmination and fruit of his entire life that should not merely inspire admiration but rather serve as a guide for imitation. Indeed, in his extraordinary relationship to death, the consistency of the Christian call to the fullness of life—as witnessed by the Gospel—is made manifest
Lectio divina Throughout History and in the Modern Life of Christians
No full textCilj ovog završnog rada bio je prikazati molitvenu metodu lectio divina od samih početaka njezina prakticiranja pa do suvremenog doba čime se bave prva tri poglavlja. Proučeno je kako se lectio divina danas primjenjuje i kakav utjecaj ona ima na vjernike. Zadnje, četvrto poglavlje rada posvećeno je ekumenizmu, odnosno istraživanju kako Sveto pismo, a nakon toga i lectio divina utječu na povezanost između kršćana. Prikazani su katolici, pravoslavci i protestanti te su od protestanata za detaljnije proučavanje navedena tri poznata reformatora kako bi se uvidjele sličnosti i razlike u shvaćanju ponajprije Svetog pisma. To su Martin Luther, Ulrich Zwingli te Jean Calvin. Svatko od te trojice na svoj način razumije i tumači Sveto pismo, ali važno je da je svima ono vrhovni autoritet vjere.The aim of this final paper was to present the prayer method of lectio divina from its very beginning to the modern era, which the first three chapters address. It examined how lectio divina is applied today and what impact it has on believers. The final, fourth chapter is dedicated to ecumenism, specifically investigating how the Holy Scripture, and subsequently lectio divina, influence the connection between Christians. Catholics, Orthodox, and Protestants are presented, and three well-known reformers are cited for further study from among the Protestants to discern similarities and differences in their understanding of the Holy Scripture, primarily. These are Martin Luther, Ulrich Zwingli, and Jean Calvin. Each of the three understands and interprets the Holy Scriptures in their own way, but it is important that it is the supreme authority of faith for all
The concept of anxiety in S. Kierkegaard
No full textKierkegaard tjeskobu započinje misliti kroz prizmu nasljednog grijeha. Nadalje, imavši pred sobom nasljedni grijeh razlaže pojmove nevinosti i krivnje te sebstva i jastva. Uz navedeno, dotiče se pojma očajanja koje se pokazuje kao odlučujuća točka u samospoznavanju. Samospoznavanje Kierkegaard vidi kao sazrijevanje individue koje se odvija kroz tri stadija egzistiranja. Prva dva stadija su estetski i etički, a treći religiozni.Kierkegaard begins to think anxiety through the prism of hereditary sin. Furthermore, having before him hereditary sin, he breaks down the concepts of innocence and guilt, as well as the self and the self. In addition to the above, it touches on the concept of despair, which proves to be a decisive point in the self-realization of the individual. Self-realization is seen by Kierkegaard as a maturation that takes place over three stages of existing. The first two stages are aesthetic and ethical, and the third is religious
The Christocentrism of the Life of Blessed Alojzije Stepinc in the Published Writings of Father Celestin Tomić
No full textKristocentrizam je pojam u teologiji, koji označava staviti Isusa Krista u središte teološkoga promišljanja. Kristocentričnost života označava staviti Isusa Krista u središte čovjekova života. Cilj ovoga rada je prikazati kristocentričnost života bl. Alojzija Stepinca u objavljenim spisima o. Celestina Tomića. Ovaj rad govori o pojmu kristocentrizam te predstavlja kristološko promišljanje u učenju Crkve. Središnji dio ovoga rada predstavit će kristocentrični život bl. Alojzija Stepinca. Za bl. Alojzija Stepinca staviti Isusa Krista u središte života značilo je svakodnevno ga nasljedovati. Snagu je crpio iz Svetog Pisma i Euharistije, koji su uz njegovu izrazitu marijansku pobožnost bili stupovi njegova duhovnoga života. Bl. Alojzije je tijekom svoje nadbiskupske službe, a pogotovo tijekom montiranog procesa i lažne osude pokazao da je spreman darovati svoj život za Boga i Katoličku Crkvu. Završni dio ovoga rada govorit će o o. Celestinu Tomiću, skromnom, poniznom i svetom redovniku i profesoru, te njegovom važnom doprinosu beatifikaciji bl. Alojzija Stepinca.The Christocentrism is a term in theology that means placing Jesus Christ at the center of theological reflection. Christocentrism of life means placing Jesus Christ at the center of a person's life. The purpose of this paper is to present the Christocentrism of the life of Blessed Alojzije Stepinac in the published writings of Fr. Celestin Tomić. This study will discuss the concept of Christocentrism and will present Christological reflection in the teaching of the Church. This paper discusses the concept of Christocentrism and presents Christological reflection in the teaching of the Church. The central part of this study will present the Christocentric life of Blessed Alojzije Stepinac. For Blessed Alojzije Stepinac, placing Jesus Christ at the center of life meant following him daily. He drew strength from the Holy Scriptures and the Eucharist, which, along with his pronounced Marian devotion, were the pillars of his spiritual life. Blessed Alojzije, as archbishop and especially during the staged trial and false conviction, showed that he was ready to give his life for God and the Catholic Church. The final part of this study will present Fr. Celestin Tomić, a monk and a professor who was modest, humble, and holy, and who made an important contribution to the beatification of the Blessed Alojzije Stepinac
Pastoral of Croatian Defendants and their Families
No full textPastoral hrvatskih branitelja iz Domovinskog rata i njihovih obitelji iznimno je zahtjevno i kompleksno područje koje zahtijeva sustavan i organiziran pristup Katoličke Crkve koja je kompetentna za istraživanje čovjekova duha i ona se sa svojim kompetencijama mora uključiti u pružanje duhovne pomoći hrvatskim braniteljima, osobito onima koje muči, tlači i iscrpljuje napast suicida. Također, cijela društvena zajednica ima veliku ulogu i odgovornost za razvoj PTSP-a kod umirovljenih i razvojačenih hrvatskih branitelja, iako u velikoj mjeri on ovisi i o jedinstvenoj nutranjoj prirodi svake osobe. Iznimno je važna duhovna i psihološka skrb te socijalna interakcija i ambijent u kojemu pojedinac živi jer je presudan za njegovo suočavanje s potencijalnim traumatskim iskustvom i životnim funkcioniranjem.
Sukladno zaključcima Hrvatske biskupske konferencije počevši od 24. siječnja 2023. godine, na kojoj su biskupi posebnu pozornost posvetili temi dušobrižništva hrvatskih branitelja, zajednički su promišljali kako unaprijediti i intenzivirati spomenuti vid pastorala. Tada je ujedno istaknuta velika zahvalnost hrvatskim braniteljima za sve žrtve što su ih nesebično podnijeli za slobodu koju uživamo, a čije posljedice mnogi od njih i danas osjećaju. Kao društvo u cjelini dužni smo im iskazati solidarnost pružajući im podršku i pomoć.
Ovaj diplomski rad je motiviran inicijativom hrvatskih biskupa te bolnim, ali i dužnim podsjećanjem na stradanja u Domovinskom ratu. Ne radi se o nekom nostalgičnom sjećanju kojim se želi samo odati priznanje veteranima Domovinskog rata oboljelim od PTSP-a, koje sve više zaboravljaju kako poratno vrijeme odmiče, već o upućivanju na stvarnosti koju, nažalost, određeni broj veterana sa svojim obiteljima svakodnevno proživljava.The pastoral care of Croatian veterans from the Homeland War and their families is an extremely demanding and complex area that requires a systematic and organized approach by the Catholic Church, which is competent in researching the human spirit, and it must engage with its competencies in providing spiritual assistance to Croatian veterans, especially those who are tormented, oppressed and exhausted by the temptation of suicide. Also, the entire social community has a major role and responsibility for the development of PTSD in retired and demobilized Croatian veterans, although to a large extent it also depends on the unique inner nature of each person. Spiritual and psychological care, as well as social interaction and the environment in which an individual lives, are extremely important because they are crucial for his or her coping with potential traumatic experiences and life functioning.
In accordance with the conclusions of the Croatian Bishops' Conference starting on January 24, 2023, at which the bishops devoted special attention to the topic of pastoral care of Croatian veterans. They jointly considered how to improve and intensify the aforementioned aspect of pastoral care. At the same time, great gratitude was expressed to the Croatian defenders for all the sacrifices they selflessly made for the freedom we enjoy, the consequences of which many of them still feel today. As a society as a whole, we are obliged to show them solidarity by providing them with support and assistance.
This thesis is motivated by the initiative of the Croatian bishops and the painful, but also necessary reminder of the suffering in the Homeland War. It is not a nostalgic memory that seeks only to pay tribute to the veterans of the Homeland War suffering from PTSD, who are increasingly forgotten as the post-war period progresses, but rather a reference to the reality that, unfortunately, a certain number of veterans and their families experience on a daily basis
Henry VIII and the establishment of the Anglican Church
No full textHenrik VIII. Tudor (1491.–1547.), jedan od najslavnijih i najkontroverznijih kraljeva u povijesti Engleske, vladao je gotovo trideset i osam godina, od 1509. do 1547. godine. Kao drugi monarh iz dinastije Tudor, Henrik je naslijedio relativno mirnu, administrativno uređenu i financijski stabilnu državu od svog oca Henrika VII. Njegova vladavina obilježena je važnim političkim, vjerskim i društvenim promjenama koje su oblikovale budućnost Engleske.
Iako je bio obrazovan i talentiran, njegovu vladavinu obilježila je opsesivna želja za muškim nasljednikom. Bio je nepokolebljiv u svojoj želji da osigura muškog nasljednika, zbog čega je stupio u šest brakova, a ništa pa ni papa, nije moglo zaustaviti njegovu odlučnost. U nastojanju da se oslobodi svog braka s prvom suprugom, Katarinom Aragonskom, kako bi oženio mlađu ženu koja bi mu mogla dati željenog muškog nasljednika, Henrik VIII. tražio je od pape Klementa VII. da proglasi njegov prvi brak ništavnim. No, papa je odbio njegov zahtjev, što je izazvalo duboko nezadovoljstvo kod engleskog monarha. Ovaj odbijen zahtjev postao je ključna točka u povijesti Engleske jer je Henrik odlučio poduzeti radikalne mjere kako bi ostvario svoje želje. Umjesto da se pokorava papinskoj vlasti, odlučio je preuzeti kontrolu nad crkvom u Engleskoj. Godine 1534. proglasio je Englesku crkvu neovisnom od Rima, a sebe njezinim vrhovnim poglavarom. Reformacija je značajno ojačala ulogu Parlamenta, koji je donio ključne zakone poput Zakona o ograničenju žalbi i Zakona o vrhovništvu. Kroz ove zakone, oblikovane su značajne vjerske i političke promjene u Engleskoj. Nova Anglikanska crkva, koja je nastala kao rezultat raskola, nije bila protestantska, već raskolnička, čime je engleska reformacija poprimila jedinstveni karakter. Tijekom ovog procesa, poduzete su drastične mjere, uključujući zatvaranje i raspuštanje samostana širom Engleske, što je dovelo do masovne konfiskacije crkvene imovine. Nakon Henrikove smrti, prijestolje su naslijedila njegova djeca: Eduard VI., Marija I. i Elizabeta I.
Reformacija u Engleskoj započela je raskolom Henrika VIII., a pod vladavinom Eduarda VI. protestantizam je ušao u crkveni nauk i bogoštovlje. Nakon neuspjelog pokušaja obnove katolicizma pod Marijom I., Anglikanska crkva je dobila svoj konačan oblik za vrijeme vladavine Elizabete I.Henry VIII Tudor (1491–1547), one of the most famous and controversial kings in English history, ruled for nearly thirty-eight years, from 1509 to 1547. As the second monarch of the Tudor dynasty, Henry inherited a relatively peaceful, administratively organized, and financially stable state from his father, Henry VII. His reign was marked by significant political, religious, and social changes that shaped the future of England.
Although he was educated and talented, his reign was marked by an obsessive desire for a male heir. He was unwavering in his determination to secure a male successor, which led him to marry six times, and nothing, not even the Pope, could stop his determination. In an effort to free himself from his marriage to his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, so he could marry a younger woman who might give him the desired male heir, Henry VIII asked Pope Clement VII to annul his first marriage. However, the pope rejected his request, which deeply displeased the English monarch. This denied request became a pivotal moment in English history, as Henry decided to take radical steps to fulfill his desires. Instead of submitting to papal authority, he chose to take control of the Church in England. In 1534, he declared the Church of England independent from Rome and proclaimed himself its Supreme Head. The Reformation significantly strengthened the role of Parliament, which passed key laws such as the Act in Restraint of Appeals and the Act of Supremacy. Through these laws, significant religious and political changes were shaped in England. The new Anglican Church, which emerged as a result of the split, was not Protestant, but schismatic, giving English Reformation a unique character. During this process, drastic measures were taken, including the closure and dissolution of monasteries throughout England, leading to the massive confiscation of church property. After his death, the throne was inherited by his children: Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I.
The Reformation in England began with the schism of Henry VIII, and under the reign of Edward VI Protestantism entered church doctrine and worship. After a failed attempt to restore Catholicism under Mary I, the Anglican Church got its final form during the reign of Elizabeth I