1,720,974 research outputs found
An over view on testing of Raw materials
No full textTesting of raw materials is very important for any industry, as the quality of raw material influences the manufacturing process and ensures the quality of end product
Tunnel Kiln: A Technoeconomic Route of Sponge Iron Making
No full textThe conventional coal-based sponge iron process (Rotary Kiln) used for the production of sponge iron (DRI- Directly Reduced Iron) requires high-grade ferruginous materials in the form of lump or pellets and quality coal. Moreover, these Rotary Kiln processes require pre-indurated pellets to sustain the mechanical abrasion during reduction and suffer from low thermal and chemical efficiency. To overcome these problems, CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur, has developed a process for production of sponge iron utilizing mining and steel plant ferruginous waste such as iron ore fines, mill scale, LD sludge, BF sludge, etc. and lean grade coal in Tunnel Kiln. Pellets were made utilizing these ferruginous wastes in their suitable proportion, and reduction kinetics studies were carried out with non coking coal in a muffle furnace simulating Tunnel Kiln conditions. Process parameters were optimized w.r.t. blending ratio, reduction temperature and time. Based on the laboratory scale investigation, pilot plant trials were carried out in a commercial tunnel kiln on a 5-tpd scale. Fine tuning of the process parameters was carried out to obtain optimum metallic yield in the commercial production. After fine tuning of the process parameters in the commercial tunnel kiln, continuous production at the rate of 18 TPD is carried out to ascertain the techno-economics of the process. Techno-economic evaluation of the process reveals that the sponge iron produced from the Tunnel Kiln process is much cheaper (30-40%) than the conventional process of sponge iron making. Patents have been filed, and technology has been transferred to user industries
Preparation of DRI from Waste Iron Ore and Coal fines
No full textIn 2011 the world crude steel production reached 1527 million tons (MT) and showed a growth of 6.8% over 2010. China remained the world‘s largest crude steel producer in 2011 (695.5 MT) followed by Japan (107.6 MT) and the USA (86.2 MT). India occupied the 4th position (72.2 MT) for the second consecutive year. The WSA has projected that apparent steel use will increase by 6.5% to 1,398 MT in 2011, following growth of 15.1% in 2010. In 2012, it has been projected that the same will grow further by 5.4%. Such growth will be largely driven by China and India with China‘s apparent steel use in 2011 and 2012 expected to increase by 7.5% and 6% respectively. For India, growth in apparent steel use is expected to be subdued at 4.3% in 2011 but expected to go up by 7.9% in 2012. Per capita finished steel consumption is estimated to be 206 kg for world whereas 427 kg for China
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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