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Burden of MASLD and liver fibrosis: evidence from Phenome India cohort
No full textMeghana Arvind, a,o Anshul Verma, a,b,o Sreeshma Raj K, a,o Satyartha Prakash, a,b Vignesh S. Kumar, a,n Mohammad Azhar Uddin, a Ayushi Narayan, a Mamta Rathore, a,b Nancy Rawat, a Ankita Sahu, a Yogesh Kumar, a,b Pulkit Hasmukhbhai Leuva, a Monika Sharma, c,b Rajesh S, c,b Dwaipayan Saha, e Ankita Mridha, e Ishant Jyoti Nath, f Ashique Hussain, f Borsha Rajkumari, f Mamta Thapa, f Neha Kumari, g Vishwapriya S, h Shilpak Chatterjee, d,b Dipyaman Ganguly, d,b,m Ashish Awasthi, i,b Vamsi K. Yenamandra, a,l Ajay Pratap Singh, a,b Aastha Mishra, a,b Swasti Raychaudhuri, g,b Karthik Bharadwaj Tallapaka, g,b Giriraj Ratan Chandak, g,b Mahesh J. Kulkarni, c,b Mahesh S. Dharne, c,b Romi Wahengbam, f,b Umakanta Subudhi, j,b Sagnik Biswas, k Shalimar, k Kumardeep Chaudhary, a,b,∗∗∗∗ Shantanu Sengupta, a,b,∗∗∗ Partha Chakrabarti, b,e,∗∗ and Viren Sardana, a,b,∗ on behalf of Phenome India Consortium
Summary Background Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is rising globally, including in India, yet community-based data remain scarce. We address this critical knowledge gap by assessing the prevalence, distribution, and characteristics of MASLD subgroups and fibrosis, leveraging the Phenome India cohort. Methods In this prospective study, we recruited 10,267 adults across 37 laboratories of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) from 27 Indian cities. All permanent staff members of the CSIR, including current employees, retirees, and their spouses who responded to the recruitment campaign and provided voluntary consent, were considered for participation in the Phenome India Cohort. Steatosis and fibrosis were assessed using Transient Elastography, along with associated clinical, biochemical, cytokine and anthropometric data. Overall, crude and age-adjusted prevalence rates were estimated in the study population and various subgroups. Findings Of 10,267 individuals screened, 7764 were included, 3712 (47.8%) fulfilled MASLD criteria, corresponding to an age-adjusted prevalence of 38.9% (95% CI 37.2–40.6). Significant fibrosis, defined as liver stiffness measurement (LSM) ≥8.2 kPa (≥F2), was more frequent in MASLD (6.3% [234 of 3688]) than in cases withoutMASLD (1.7% [69 of 4027]), corresponding to an age-adjusted prevalence of 4.1% in MASLD. Overall age-adjusted prevalence of significant fibrosis was 2.4%, which clustered in older adults (>60 years) and in those with diabetes or obesity class II, with evidence of possible regional variation
Superhydrophobic galvannealed coating on DP980 steel by in-situ generation of Zn-Fe-Ti intermetallic phases: A new approach
No full textHot dip Zn-0.2Al-0.5Ti GA coating exhibits better combination of superhydrophobicity, adhesion and corrosion resistance.Micro-sized octagonal shaped Zn-Fe-Ti phase in the galvannealed coating imparts superhydrophobic surface characteristics.The present coating has more beneficial delta layer than in commercial galvannealed coating.Formed protective corrosion products mainly simonkolleite extend the excellent corrosion performance of the coating
Nanostructure Evolution and Rupture Mechanisms in Layered Fe-Cr-Ni Alloy under Multiaxial Tensile Deformation: A Molecular Dynamics Study
No full textThis study investigates the rupture mechanism of layered Fe-Cr-Ni alloy under multiaxial tensile deformation using molecular dynamics simulations. The results found that the presence of layered orientation of Fe-Cr-Ni significantly impacts nanovoid formation, growth, and coalescence during multiaxial (uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial) deformation. During triaxial deformation, nanovoids nucleate early and grow rapidly, leading to material failure, with body-centered cubic structure forming around void surfaces due to strain-induced phase transformations. Biaxial tensile deformation facilitates minor amount of face-centered cubic to body-centered cubic transformations with rectangular and square-shaped stacking faults. Uniaxial tensile deformation produces the highest degree of dislocation interactions, leading to complex defect structures. Our study highlights that the yield stress, dislocation density, surface area, and solid volume vary across different deformation modes. Layered or twin boundaries act as barriers for movement of dislocation, reducing the plasticity and enhancing void nucleation. Our findings provide critical insights into atomic-scale mechanisms driving void formation, phase transformation, and material failure in Fe-Cr-Ni alloys with twin boundaries, contributing to improved material design under multiaxial loading conditions
Modulation of brittle phases in advanced hot dip Zn-Al-Mg-Ni alloy coating on DP980 steel for improved cracking and corrosion resistance
No full textThis study revealed the cracking activity due to brittle phases in the hot dip Zn-Al-Mg coating.Higher Al content and Ni addition enabled to refine interfacial layer and modulated the evolution of brittle MgZn2 phase.Increasing cooling rate of the coating promoted the microstructural refinement.The advanced Zn-Al-Mg alloy coating exhibited better combination of improved cracking and corrosion resistance
Root Cause Analysis for the Failure of an Air Compressor Impeller
No full textThis study examines the reason of failure of a three-stage air compressor, which failed during service. The as-cast component consisted of 15-5 martensitic stainless steel. The alloy satisfied ASTM standards for alloy chemistry, mechanical properties, and phase constituents in microstructure. During structural investigation, distinctive chemical heterogeneities in the form of embedded carbonaceous flakes were found near surface/sub-surface of the as-cast component. The probable origin for the formation of such carbon-rich phases was inappropriate casting process, which perhaps involved improper mould preparation. These flaky carbon-rich locations acted as stress concentrators leading to crack initiation. The crack propagated under cyclic loading during high-speed rotation of the impeller, and ultimately leading to premature failure of the component
Avenues of resources efficiency enhancement in iron and steel production
No full textIronmaking- steelmaking is a material and energy intensive process with a resource efficiency of only - 33 %. Resource efficiency enhancement requires recovering the wasted/unutilized material by-products and the energy associated with them in various forms. This review attempts to identify the material leakages and energy losses at each step of steelmaking (from iron ore mining) and explores approaches to plug the energy and material leakage; material efficiency brings in energy savings indirectly. Besides the material loss, accumulation of the by products (slime/tailings, steel slag, etc.), carbon emission, etc., cause environmental and ecological damage. The review discusses the prospects of slimes/tailings beneficiation through physical and physicochemical methods (often after some pre-treatments). The manuscript also discusses the need to recover heat from molten slags (BF slag and BOF slag) to reduce the energy intensity. Further, it discusses the endeavours to overcome the latent hydraulic activity of granulated BF slag and ways to enhance the acceptability of BOF slag in different applications. A brief sum-up of global efforts towards net zero emission (in line with the Paris Declaration) through carbon recycling, low emission intensity processes, alternate fuels, etc., is included. Lastly, the authors list the challenges of the Indian iron & steel industry and the efforts from the government and steel industries towards achieving the projected crude steel production (300 million tons) without crossing the emission intensity thresholds (Paris Declaration). The endeavours strengthen the sustainability of the steel industry
Mineralogical and thermal investigation of iron ore concentrate and tailing, processed using an Airtable
No full textThe present work deals with the detailed characterization and thermal studies of the iron ore concentrate and tailing generated from the processing of medium-grade iron ore assaying total Fe, 57.95% upgraded to 64.02% total Fe and simultaneously lowering alumina, silica, and LOI in the concentrate. From the optical microscopy, SEM-EDS, and XRD studies, hematite was observed as the dominant iron ore mineral, and clay minerals were the major gangue minerals. Goethite of different compositions and textural characteristics were seen in the samples as well. The thermal characteristics i.e., dehydroxylation and oxidation of the iron ore minerals especially goethite with temperature, were also observed systematically through TG-DTA, which established the subsequent lowering of the
interlocked hydrous phases and clay minerals in the concentrate. Thus, the improved iron ore quality of the concentrate could be subjected to further metallurgical utilization and blast furnace operations
Hot dip galvanization of DP 980 steel sheet using iron based sol pre-layer and its corrosion performance
No full textAn innovative iron pre-layer was formed on DP 980 steel by sol-dip route.The Fe pre-layer enabled the galvanization preventing surface selective oxidation.Hot dip GI coating with Fe pre-layer exhibited good adhesiveness.Uniform inhibition layer and highest TC for hcp (0002) plane were formed in GI coating.Salt fog and electrochemical tests of the coating showed excellent corrosion resistance
Relationship between petrological characteristics and gross calorific value of coal
No full textIn this work, an attempt has been made to understand the relationship between petrological parameters and the gross calorific value (GCV) of coal. This study aims to enhance the understanding of how compositional parameters govern GCV, providing insights into the broader influence of coal's petrological characteristics on its energy content. In this regard, coal samples of wide variation in ash yields obtained from density fractionation were analyzed for the detailed petrological parameters along with the GCV. The petrological study of the density fractionated coal samples showed the difference in macerals composition, maturity, and maceral-mineral associations that potentially affect GCV. Given the number of parameters, identifying the factors influencing GCV posed challenges such as visualization, dimensionality, multicollinearity, and overfitting. Therefore, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed towards better understanding of the intricate relationships among variables, addressing multicollinearity, and visualizing GCV variability as well as its influencers. The analysis indicated that both reactive macerals (vitrinite and liptinite) and so-called "inert" macerals from the inertinite group contribute to GCV in distinct ways. The analysis also showed that GCV is favored by both vitrinite and semifusinite, with vitrinite's high reactivity and semifusinite's link to coal maturity playing key roles. The findings highlight the need to consider multiple factors, such as maceral type and maturity, in combination for future quantification attempts
Pyrolysis oil from polypropylene packaging waste: a sustainable waste‑to‑resource approach for non‑coking coal flotation
No full textDue to declining fossil fuel reserves and increasing petroleum costs, finding cost-effective alternatives for beneficiating highash coal is essential. Coal’s inherent hydrophobicity makes froth flotation a favorable technique, with diesel typically used as
the collector. This study explores the use of pyrolysis oil (PP oil), derived from non-biodegradable polypropylene packaging
waste, as a sustainable alternative to diesel in non-coking coal flotation. The research employed a central composite design
(CCD) to assess the flotation performance of PP oil as collector and optimize the flotation process by identifying the influence of significant factors. Under optimized flotation conditions employing 6 ml of pyrolysis oil and 1 ml of methyl isobutyl
carbinol (MIBC) as frother, the process achieved a clean coal yield of 71.25%. The ash content was effectively reduced from
34.6% in the feed to 12.38% in the product, demonstrating the efficacy of the reagent combination in enhancing separation
performance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analyses evaluated the impact of process parameters on yield
and ash content, while Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis assessed the presence of functional groups in
the PP oil that facilitate its collector functionality. Replacing traditional diesel with PP oil in coal flotation offers a significant
step toward a more sustainable and potentially more economical coal beneficiation process