934 research outputs found
Sofia Cavalletti. La catechesi del buon Pastore. Antologia di testi scelti
No full textL'antologia riporta alcuni testi fondamentali di Sofia Cavalletti, biblista e studiosa della tradizione religiosa ebraico-cristiana, concernenti l'esperienza catechetica - basata sulla Bibbia e la Liturgia in continuità con la tradizione patristica e ispirata ai principi educativi di Maria Montessori - da lei iniziata e attualmente presente in vari paesi e adottata dalle diverse confessioni cristiane (chiese riformate e chiesa ortodossa)
Independent Developers: The invisible urban regenerators
No full textMost of today’s urban development and regeneration is being provided by the private
sector. Cities are being regenerated and redeveloped by institutional developers with
projects that can change entire neighbourhoods and city centres. The majority of these
developers are interested primarily in institutional properties and other buildings that are
large enough to generate the required returns and revenues without bearing too much risks.
There are also areas and neighbourhoods that do not experience institutional development
and investment because their developmental values and sites are not encouraging to them.
Nevertheless, some of these areas gained economic growth and were regenerated without
any institutional developers being involved. These kinds of regenerations are either a result
of community development or they are the outcome of independent development. This type
of development culture is not much studied yet. Independent developers are the invisibles
working in the shadows of the big institutional property developers that are often covered in
the media and literature. Hardly anybody notices and writes about these small and
independent developers that, although developing smaller projects, still have an impact on
and are important for urban regeneration. This analysis of independent developers and their
projects will provide information on their approach to property development. The report will
discuss the major differences between institutional and independent development and how
they each address topics like location, market, intervention and funding. By drawing on
examples from interviews, literature and other publications, the report will examine
independent property developers in more detail and try to analyse their role and their
contribution to urban regeneration
Linking student achievement to teacher assessment practices: Issues, challenges, and implications for educational research and practice in Italy
No full textThe use of assessment for instructional guidance represents one of the
most powerful levers for school improvement. With a strong emphasis on
the alignment of teaching, learning, and assessment, the reconsideration of
assessment methods and strategies has become relevant, as well as the need
for a new assessment culture more responsive to educational policy requirements,
school system needs, and teacher practice instances. In this vein, for
example, formative assessment has been recognized as integral to curriculum
design and to the learning journey of all students. More specifically, teacher
assessment practice and teacher assessment literacy have been recently considered
as crucial for teacher professionalism, as well as for the improvement
of student learning. However, despite the emphasis on teacher assessment
literacy, recent research confirms that teachers are not prepared to effectively
integrate assessment into their daily teaching practice and that low levels of
assessment literacy tend to negatively affect student learning achievement.
Entering this lively debate, the present chapter identifies which assessment
practices are more frequent in the Italian school system and tries to understand
if some assessment practices are more likely to influence student learning as
measured in the INVALSI tests. Using Maths and reading test scores from
the INVALSI database (grade 5), as well as data from the INVALSI Teacher
Questionnaire (2017/2018), OLS regression models and student fixed effects
models have been performed. Analyses show that teachers’ own design of
standardized tests and the use of online assessment tools (a rare practice) are
associated to positive student performance. We interpret this association as
the consequence of students’ socialization to the practice of testing
L’imprenditorialità femminile come leva per la creazione e diffusione del valore pubblico
No full textLa conoscenza è la componente più importante per la performance economica e la crescita sostenibile delle organizzazioni. Attraverso la lente originale della dimensional publicness theory, questa ricerca si propone di evidenziare il ruolo dell’imprenditorialità femminile per la creazione di valore pubblico tramite i meccanismi di diffusione della conoscenza.
E’ stata condotta una rassegna della letteratura su un campione di articoli concernenti i temi dell’imprenditorialità femminile, la condivisione della conoscenza e la performance delle iniziative imprenditoriali. In seguito, è stata realizzata una classificazione degli studi volta a individuare il contributo dei meccanismi di condivisione della conoscenza alla creazione del valore nei diversi livelli di publicness.
L’analisi delle pratiche di condivisone della conoscenza è stata condotta soprattutto in contesti caratterizzati da un basso livello di pubblicness ma vi sono implicazioni positive sulla creazione di valore, principalmente mediante l’utilizzo delle pratiche di networking. Si perviene ad un framework teorico per la comprensione degli impatti della condivisione delle conoscenze sul valore pubblico creato da imprenditorialità femminile, integrato dallo sviluppo di proposizioni da testare empiricamente.
Al fine di aumentare la rilevanza del valore creato dall'imprenditorialità femminile per l'ecosistema, i decisori politici potrebbero sostenere programmi che consentano la partecipazione delle imprese femminili a processi di aggregazione con istituzioni pubbliche o a sostegno pubblico (consorzi con università, enti pubblici di R&S, altri partenariati pubblico-privati) dove condividere e mettere a sistema risorse, conoscenze e competenze.
La ricerca si basa su un'analisi della letteratura condotta su un numero limitato di paper estratti da Isi Web of Knowledge e adotta un approccio puramente teorico.
Superando la tradizionale dicotomia tra settore privato e pubblico basata sulla natura proprietaria delle risorse, lo studio contribuisce alla letteratura esistente identificando proposizioni teoriche fondate sull’approccio della dimensional publicness da testare empircamente per arricchire la comprensione dell’impatto dell’imprenditorialità femminile e della condivisione della conoscenza sul valore pubblico creato per l’ecosistema
La question du Sud entre passé et présent : la leçon de Antonio Gramsci
No full textLe présent ouvrage entend proposer une réflexion critique sur la question du Sud et des Sud, à partir de la contribution analytique de Antonio Gramsci. D’où une série de questions, sur l'identité, le rôle des intellectuels, mais aussi sur la sédimentation de certains processus sociaux, économiques et culturels.
Aux yeux de Gramsci, le Sud est un véritable sujet d’étude. L’auteur l’aborde couramment, tant dans ses écrits préparatoires au procès que dans ses Cahiers de prison. En particulier, Gramsci examine les raisons socio-économiques de l’assujettissement du Sud au Nord, mais s’intéresse également au rôle joué par les intellectuels dans ce processus. Il souligne la nécessité d’agir au niveau culturel pour initier une authentique réforme intellectuelle et morale. Bien que l’accent soit mis sur le contexte italien, la profondeur de l’analyse et les conceptualisations proposées sont résolument de portée mondiale
I DISTRETTI INDUSTRIALI ITALIANI. UN’ANALISI COMPARATIVA
No full textI distretti industriali italiani sono entità socio-territoriali caratterizzate da una
forte eterogeneità, dovuta alla differente composizione, localizzazione, specializzazione
produttiva (Core-business) e numerosità delle aziende in esso operanti. Essi risultano
essere molto differenziati tra loro anche in base ai modelli di Governance adottati che
influenzano la gestione delle relazioni tra gli attori distrettuali e la pianificazione di
attività comuni strumentali allo sviluppo competitivo del distretto.
In un quadro così complesso si inserisce la nostra ricerca, il cui obiettivo è di descrivere la
relazione tra la presenza di organismi e/o strumenti di Governance e i risultati economicofinanziari
dei distretti industriali italiani. Il nostro studio si articola in due differenti fasi di
analisi. La prima fase - Analisi Qualitativa - riporta una dettagliata descrizione dei distretti
industriali italiani, condotta al fine di ottenere un’approfondita conoscenza delle loro
dinamiche economico-organizzative. La seconda fase - Analisi Quantitativa - tende a
rispondere alla domanda di ricerca riguardante la relazione tra Governance e Performance
a livello distrettuale.
Nello studio si fa riferimento ai distretti italiani individuati nella 12a edizione
dell’Indagine annuale su “Le medie imprese industriali italiane (2002-2011)” a cura di
Mediobanca e Unioncamere (2013) e sono utilizzati i dati forniti, per ogni singola azienda
appartenente al distretto, dalla banca dati Analisi informatizzata delle aziende italiane -
Aida.
La complessità dell’oggetto di analisi e l’elevata numerosità delle osservazioni sarà
affrontata ricorrendo al quadro teorico dell’Analisi dei Dati Simbolici. L’utilizzo delle
tecniche specifiche di Analisi Multidimensionale dei Dati per dati simbolici ha permesso
di individuare le caratteristiche peculiari di gruppi di distretti, di costruire delle tipologie e
di analizzare la relazione tra le performance dei distretti e la presenza di organismi e
strumenti di Governance
The role of language typology on L2 acquisition and learning, Special Issue
No full textThis special issue of the I-LanD Journal aims to explore the role of
language typology on second language acquisition (SLA) and learning.
The contributions to this special issue address the question as to
whether and in which ways typological contrasts of languages play a
crucial role in how events are expressed in adult second language (L2).
In this regard, Slobin (1996), by means of his Thinking for Speaking
hypothesis, argues that differences across languages predispose native
speakers to view and to talk about events differently and this seems to
have important consequences in discourse conceptualisation and
production even at very advanced levels of L2 proficiency.
Research on typological variation across languages has been
conducted for decades and important advances have been made in the
domain. For instance, it is well known that Germanic vs Romance
native speakers differ in the ways they conceptualise and verbalise
events. Consequently, speakers diverge in the preferred perspective
selected with respect to conceptual domains such as aspect, time,
motion, modality, both at the sentence level (von Stutterheim 2003)
and at discourse level (Klein/von Stutterheim 2002; Carroll/Lambert
2006) and this is partly due to the typological properties of languages.
Most studies show the challenges adult L2 learners face in restructuring
these patterns in the process of acquisition of another language with a
different set of patterns. This hard task for learners implies full or
partial crosslinguistic influence (CLI, cf. McManus 2022 for a more
recent overview). The latter, often used interchangeably with transfer
(cf. Odlin 1989, 2003, 2005), refers to the search for similarities/
differences between one’s prior linguistic knowledge (from the L1 or
any other previously acquired languages) and learning, knowledge
and use of the new language (Jarvis/Pavlenko 2010: 1). CLI is a key
component of the L2 learning process, and it seems particularly
relevant when learners try to map L2 words into the concepts of their
L1. In this sense, SLA can be seen as cognitive restructuring (HijazoGascón 2021: 2), since learners can experience a cognitive dissonance
between the L2 lexical items and the L1 notions. The question of
whether L1 typological properties may be transferred or not in the L2
discourse has been largely explored for the cognitive domains of time
(e.g. von Stutterheim 2003 for ongoingness vs boundness; McManus/
Marsden 2017, Giuliano/Anastasio 2021a for time and aspect) and
Introduction: The Role
of Language Typology
on L2 Acquisition and Learning
Simona Anastasio
University of Toulouse Jean Jaurès, France
[email protected]
Patrizia Giuliano
University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Italy
[email protected]
DOI: 10.26379/IL2022002_000
4 I-LanD Journal. The role of language typology on L2 acquisiti on and learning · n. 2/2022 · eISSN 2532-764X
Simona Anastasio - Patrizia Giuliano
space (e.g. Cadierno/Ruiz 2006; Hendriks et al. 2008; Carroll et al.
2012; Hijazo-Gascón 2021) and, to a lesser extent, for syntax (e.g.
Giuliano/Anastasio 2021b). More recently, research has also focused
on the co-speech gestures in the expression of events. As such, the
literature shows that the ways L2 learners’ gestures can reveal how
they keep on gesturing as in their L1 rather than in the L2 native-like
manner (e.g. Gullberg 2009; Stam 2018, 2023).
In spite of the evident role of inter-typological contrasts during the
process of SLA (along with other important variables such as the L2
input exposure, the L2 proficiency level, individual factors) in terms of
CLI, there is little research that focuses on the impact of intratypological variation, i.e. typological differences or similarities
between languages of the same type (except for Ibarretxe-Antuñano
2009, 2015; Anastasio 2018, 2019, 2021, 2022). Additionally, the
impact of language typology is still far from being fully understood
and this is due to several reasons: a) native speakers’ preferences go
beyond the clear-cut typological classification when encoding the
intended message (Slobin 2006; von Stutterheim et al. 2009; Beavers
etal. 2010); b) most studies look at learners with an L1/L2 combination
belonging to different genetic and typological families and very few
consider the impact of the L1 when the learners’ languages in contact
are typologically close (except for Benazzo/Andorno 2017; Anastasio
2019, 2021, 2022; Saturno 2020; Hijazo-Gascón 2021) and can,
however, lack equivalent form-function categories.
This special issue brings together recent empirical research on
inter- and intratypological contrasts and their role on L2 acquisition
and learning. Specifically, drawing upon a functional perspective, this
special issue aims to add to the SLA field by offering recent empirical
studies relying on original data, involving: different types of tasks;
quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods approaches; learners at
all stages of learning.
The key themes under focus explore morphological, syntactic, and
semantics differences between languages with their consequences for
framing events in L1 as well as in L2. In particular, three main domains
are investigated: a) affectedness; b) differential object marking; c)
space (static and dynamic location events). The data collected
represent a diversified selection of L1-L2 pairs: a) learners whose L1
and L2 are typologically and genetically closely-related (Isabel Repiso;
Jacopo Saturno); b) learners with an L1-L2 combination considered as
typologically distant (Christina Piot, Maria Hellerstedt); c) learners
whose L1 and L2 belong to different typological types but present
similarities in the linguistic devices for conveying events (Delia
Airoldi).
The first paper of this special issue deals with a still underexplored
domain in SLA functional approach, i.e. affectedness within Romance
languages. Specifically, Isabel Repiso examines the syntactic and
morphological realisation of affected arguments across two
typologically and genetically-related languages, French and Spanish,
and in L2 French of Spanish learners (A2-B2 levels of CEFR). The
crosslinguistic findings show different morpho-syntactic preferences
in French and Spanish productions to mark affectedness. As to L2
I-LanD Journal. The role of language typology on L2 acquisiti on and learning · n. 2/2022 · eISSN 2532-764X 5
Introduction: The Role of Language Typology on L2 Acquisition and Learning
results, CLI arises in terms of under/overuse of non-native like use of
L2 structures especially at less advanced stage. The author hypothesises
that, when confronting to the L2 verbalisation of a universal domain,
learners tend to rely on L2 constructions similar to those of the L1 as
a strategy to compensate lack of knowledge regarding TL uses.
Jacopo Saturno’s contribution also explores the morphosyntax
domain, by focusing on the differential object marking in nominal
morphology in L2 Polish of East Slavic learners (L1: Belorussian,
Russian, Ukrainian) of A1-B1 proficiency (CEFR). By means of a
quantitative study, the author confirms that CLI and universal
tendencies, such as markedness, may coexist as explanatory factors in
the differential object marking in an intercomprehension situation.
The subsequent three papers concern the role of typological
diversity in the expression of space in language. Christina Piot focuses
on multimodality in motion event construal. She first examines how
native speakers (French vs Dutch) express the same motion events in
their speech and co-speech gestures and then to what extent
multimodal and inter-/intralinguistic differences impact performances
of CLIL French learners of L2 Dutch (A1-B2 proficiency levels).
Participants were recruited in Belgium, whose context is not
particularly favourable for monolingual speakers, since it offers three
official languages: Flemish/Dutch speaking; Walloon/French speaking;
and, to a lesser extent, Ostbelgien German speaking. Analysis of
language use and gesture by native speakers shows not only
prototypical features of typological classifications, but also patterns
which are less typical of their language-category. As for L2 performance,
learners have their own thinking-for-speaking pattern which is inbetween the French and the Dutch tendencies. Moreover, the study
also highlights that gestures give information on event
conceptualisation.
With respect to a different language combination, Delia Airoldi’s
contribution also focuses on the expression of motion. Specifically, the
author compares the productions of native speakers of Italian and
German to the productions of German learners of L2 Italian
(intermediate and advanced) by using different types of stimuli. The
aim is to study inter- and intra-linguistic differences between German
and Italian and to see whether learners’ productions are target-like in
L2 motion event construal or still influenced by the L1 patterns.
In the final paper, Maria Hellerstedt discusses two types of space:
location and caused motion, as described by French and Swedish
native speakers and by intermediate and advanced French learners of
L2 Swedish. The larger goal is to investigate the semantic components
selected to describe static and dynamic location in L2 Swedish, namely
by means of posture verbs, and to identify learners’ strategies
(avoidance, over-using) justifying learners’ linguistic choices. On the
one hand, the paper shows the developmental trajectory of L2 Swedish
learners in the use of posture verbs in spatial events. On the other
hand, it highlights traces of CLI and other interlanguage strategies in
producing idiomatic posture verbs.
Taken together, the above contributions bring a timely update within
the research field of typology and L2 acquisition and learning by
6 I-LanD Journal. The role of language typology on L2 acquisiti on and learning · n. 2/2022 · eISSN 2532-764X
Simona Anastasio - Patrizia Giuliano
building on and complementing previous literature on the subject. In
particular, these papers provide empirical studies on different
linguistic domains, while offering new avenues for future research on
the issues under investigation in this special issue
Application of off-the-shelf stereo-cameras for the 3D assessment of morphometric variations caused by rhinoplasty
No full textThe present paper shows how a non-invasive and low-cost photogrammetric stereo device allows the assessment of morphometric variations of the nose following rhinoplasty. Six female patients, aged between 24 and 37 years, underwent 3D stereo-photogrammetric scanning. Three-dimensional computerised models were generated, extracting also information related to the coordinates of facial landmarks, distances between landmarks, angles, in pre- and postoperative situation. Two kinds of analysis were carried out: (i) statistical correlation between size variations and (ii) morphometric analysis, including General Procrustes Analysis (GPA), Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Warping. The study shows the usefulness of the stereo-photogrammetric facial digitisation for morphometric analysis of the human face. Three-dimensional computerised models are also an important tool for the assessment of the surgeon’s performance in the event of dispute between doctor and patient. Moreover, confirmation of the PCA as an analytical tool for the identification of components characterising the morphometric structure of the nose is highlighted
A Cognitive-Emotional Model to Explain Message Framing Effects: Reducing Meat Consumption
No full textWe tested the plausibility of a cognitive-emotional model to understand the effects of messages framed in terms of gain, non-loss, non-gain, and loss, and related to the health consequences of red/processed meat consumption. A total of 544 Italian participants reported their attitude toward reduced red/processed meat consumption and intention to eat red/processed meat (time 1 questionnaire). One week later, participants were randomly assigned to four different message conditions: (a) gain messages focused on the positive health outcomes associated with low meat consumption; (b) non-loss messages focused on the avoided negative health outcomes associated with low meat consumption; (c) non-gain messages focused on the missed positive health outcomes associated with high meat consumption; (d) loss messages focused on the negative health outcomes associated with high meat consumption (message sending). After reading the messages, participants answered a series of questions regarding their emotional and cognitive reactions to the messages, their evaluation of the messages, and again their attitude and intention toward red/processed meat consumption (time 2 questionnaire). Comparing different multivariate linear models under the Bayesian approach, we selected the model with the highest plausibility conditioned to observed data. In this model, message-induced fear influenced systematic processing, which in turn positively influenced message evaluation and attitude, leading to reduced intention to consume red/processed meat. Vice versa, message-induced anger reduced systematic processing, which in turn negatively influenced message evaluation, and led to no effect on attitude and intention. The comparison among message conditions showed that gain and non-loss messages activated integrated emotional and cognitive processing of the health recommendation, while loss and non-gain messages mainly activated emotional shortcuts toward attitude and intention. Overall, these results advance our comprehension of the effects of message framing on receivers' attitudes and intentions
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