1,086 research outputs found
The effect of alcohol strength on alcohol consumption: a pilot study
Get PDFBackground: Excessive alcohol consumption can impair health, lead to intentional and non-intentional harm to the self and others and incurs a large financial burden on society. Effective interventions are required to reduce alcohol consumption and its associated harms at the population level. Replacing regular-strength alcohol with reduced-strength alcohol has the potential to reduce alcohol consumption and, therefore, mitigate alcohol-related harm. To date, there is no high-quality experimental evidence to suggest whether reducing the strength of alcohol is effective at reducing alcohol consumption. Before implementing a randomised controlled trial (RCT), its feasibility, and the acceptability of the intervention, need to be established.
Aim: The primary aim of this research project was to establish the feasibility of a RCT to assess the effect of lager (a subtype of beer) strength on lager consumption in a single drinking occasion within licensed premises in the United Kingdom (UK). This project sought to obtain data to estimate key parameters required when designing a RCT and to provide initial insights into the acceptability of reducing the strength of alcohol as an intervention to reduce alcohol consumption.
Method: The research project incorporated three stages of study, which utilised different designs.
Study One: a single-blind taste discrimination experiment.
Study Two: a double-blind randomised controlled crossover pilot trial based within licensed premises in the UK.
Study Three: semi-structured qualitative telephone interviews.
Findings: Study One: Nineteen frequent lager drinkers aged 18 years and over completed the taste experiment. Most participants (58%) reported that, out of a small range of regular-strength lager brands, Becks® (B) tasted most similar to the reduced-strength lager Bud Light® (BL). B was therefore instated as the control product for the pilot trial, alongside the pre-determined intervention product, BL.
Study Two: Thirty-six frequent lager drinkers aged 18 years and over completed two pilot trial study sessions in one of four licensed premises. Results indicated that it is feasible to conduct a double-blind randomised controlled crossover trial to assess the effect of alcohol strength on alcohol consumption in a single drinking occasion within licensed premises in the UK. Sufficient data were obtained to estimate key parameters for a RCT.
Study Three: A subsample of seven pilot trial participants each undertook a semi-structured telephone interview. Reflexive thematic analysis identified several factors associated with the acceptability of reducing the strength of alcohol as an intervention to reduce alcohol consumption. These included the taste of the reduced-strength product, freedom of choice, perceived intervention efficacy and perceived motives of the alcohol industry.
Conclusion: Findings from this research project can be utilised to design a definitive RCT to assess the effect of alcohol strength on alcohol consumption in a single drinking occasion within licensed premises in the UK. The main limitations of this research project were that the pilot trial intervention and control products were not optimally matched, and they were not favourable to participants, and trial participants may have deviated from the study protocol as they were not officially observed. These limitations should be addressed, to the greatest extent possible, in the design stage of future studies
Replacement of Cakile edentula with Cakile maritima in New South Wales and on Lord Howe Island
No full textTwo species of Cakile (Brassicaceae) have been introduced to Australia and the genus has been a common feature on the beaches of NSW for over 130 years; Cakile edentula has been present for at least 148 years (in NSW since about 1870), while Cakile maritima arrived approximately 114 years ago, (in NSW since about 1969). Collections at CANB and NSW confirm that since around 1970 plants more like Cakile maritima have almost entirely replaced Cakile edentula along the NSW coast. A similar phenomenon is reported for Lord Howe Island
'Pilings of Thought Under Spoken': The Poetry of Susan Howe, 1974-1993.
No full textPhDThis thesis discusses the poetry published by contemporary American poet Susan
Howe over a period of almost two decades. The dissertation is chiefly concerned with
articulating the relationship between poetic form, history, and authority in this body
of' work. Howe's poetry dredges the past for the linguistic effects of patriarchy,
colonialism and war. My reading of the work is an exploration of the ways in which a
disjunctive poetics can address such historical trauma. The poems, rather than
attempting to reinstate voices lifted from what Howe has called "the dark side of
history", are a means of reflecting the resistance that the past offers to contemporary
investigation. It is the effacement, and not the recovery, of history's victims, that is
discernible in the contours of these highly opaque texts. Notions of authority are most
often addressed in the poetry through the figure of paternal absence, which has a
threefold function in the work, serving to represent social authority, an aporetic
conception of divinity and an autobiographical narrative. Alongside the antiauthoritarian
currents in the writing - critiques, for example, of the doctrine of
Manifest Destiny or of scapegoating versions of femininity - my thesis stresses Howe's
engagement with negative theology and with a strain of American Protestant
enthusiasm that has its roots in 17th century New England. The dissertation explores
the dissonance caused by the co-existence in the poetry of elements of political dissent
and religious mysticism. Finally, I consider Howe's engagement with literary history
and authors such as Shakespeare, Swift, Thoreau and Melville. The manner in which
Howe deploys the words of others in her work, I argue, allows for a mixture of textual
polyphony and a more conventional notion of authorial 'voice'
From Julia Ward Howe to Mister Silsbee
No full textabstract: Concerning a letter written in rhymes about Howe's thanks for a new hood, her relief and good wishes towards Silsbee.Curator's Note: Handwritten note reads: Julia Ward Howe 811 H8384PCondition of Original: Glue marks. Previously glued into a book, then removed.Creation Date Details: Undated. Range is the contributor's lifespan
Curriculum, Teaching and Learning Within the Context of Comparative, International and Development Education
Get PDFCurriculum, teaching and learning should include a component of Comparative, International and Development Education. It is increasingly important for teachers to foster global citizenship, international cooperation and cross-cultural understanding, within the dialectic of the global and the local. By reaching beyond the four walls of classrooms, teachers can gain broader, international perspectives and a deeper sociocultural understanding of curriculum, teaching and learning. Thus, enriching student experience and substantially improving teacher professional development. While there are many potentially significant cross-cultural lessons in teaching pedagogy, teachers have few opportunities. However, through educational exchanges and shared experience, teachers can become introduced to alternative forms of schooling and can learn to think more critically about traditional approaches to education. In this paper, I propose using Comparative, International and Development Education to enhance teacher education and situate my own cross-cultural experiences in curriculum, teaching and learning in Canada and Japan within this context.Not peer reviewedThe published version in the this article is available: Howe, E. R. (2003). Curriculum studies within the context of comparative, international and development education. Canadian and International Education Journal, 32(2), 1–14.CanadaJapancomparative educationteacher educationteacher educatio
American author and scholar LeAnne Howe talks about her novel "Shell shaker" and reads from her another novel "Miko Kings"
No full textAmerican author and scholar LeAnne Howe talks about her novel, "Shell Shaker" which spans centuries of Choctaw culture and history. She reads several passages from the novel and also a short passage from her new, unpublished novel, "Miko Kings," about Indian baseball in 1907 and 1969. She answers questions from the audience. Part of the Wordcraft Circle of Native Writers Series for visiting speakers. Sponsored by the Michigan State University American Indian Studies Program. Held in the MSU Main Library
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