1,720,953 research outputs found
Morphological Analysis of Palmaris Longus Muscle: A Cadaveric Study
Get PDFIntroduction: The palmaris longus (PL) muscle is one of the most variable muscles in the human body and has been the focus of anatomical, clinical, and surgical interest for over a century. Situated in the superficial flexor compartment of the forearm, it arises from the medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common flexor origin and usually inserts into the palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum.
Aims: The primary aim of this study is to perform a detailed morphological analysis of the Palmaris longus muscle through cadaveric dissection, generating anatomical data specific to the regional population and enriching global knowledge of this variable muscle. The study seeks to determine the prevalence of absence, duplication, and other variations, while characterizing differences in origin, insertion, belly features, and tendon formation. Morphometric parameters such as length, width, and thickness of both muscle belly and tendon will be quantitatively evaluated. Additionally, right–left comparisons will assess bilateral symmetry and asymmetries. Finally, the findings will be correlated with clinical relevance, particularly for surgical procedures and grafting applications.
Materials and methods: This study is an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional investigation conducted over one year, from May 2024 to April 2025, allowing sufficient time for specimen collection, detailed examination, and comprehensive data analysis. A total of 50 upper limb specimens—25 right-sided and 25 left-sided—will be examined, sourced from embalmed cadavers routinely used in undergraduate dissection. The sample size was determined based on prior studies and practical considerations of specimen availability and study feasibility.
Result: The morphometric analysis of the palmaris longus muscle revealed no significant differences among normal, fleshy, and reversed variants for belly length (p = 0.67) and thickness (p = 0.18), though the fleshy type showed a trend toward greater belly width (1.52 ± 0.31 cm) compared to normal (1.28 ± 0.25 cm) and reversed (1.34 ± 0.18 cm), with post-hoc analysis approaching significance (p = 0.06). Tendon width was significantly higher in the fleshy variant (0.81 ± 0.33 cm) than in the normal type (0.35 ± 0.12 cm, p = 0.03), while tendon length and thickness did not differ. Regression analysis indicated a positive association between belly length and the outcome (β = 0.29, p = 0.03), whereas width and thickness were non-significant. Clinically, normal and reversed types were graded Grade A, whereas the fleshy type received Grade A+ due to suitability for complex reconstructive procedures. Complete absence occurred in 6% of cases, reversed morphology in 6.4%, and unexpected variants in 14.9%, with all adequately addressed by preoperative assessment. Bilateral comparison revealed no significant differences in any morphometric parameter, indicating general symmetry between right and left sides. Overall, the fleshy variant exhibited relatively larger belly and tendon widths, while other parameters remained consistent across variants and sides.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the palmaris longus muscle demonstrates notable morphological variability, with the fleshy variant exhibiting relatively larger belly and tendon widths compared to normal and reversed types, while other morphometric parameters remain largely consistent. Bilateral comparison showed no significant asymmetry, suggesting general right–left symmetry. The normal and reversed types are suitable for standard reconstructive procedures, whereas the fleshy type may offer advantages in more complex surgical applications. Variations such as absence, reversed configuration, and unexpected morphology were infrequent and can be effectively managed through thorough preoperative assessment and careful intraoperative evaluation. These findings provide valuable anatomical and morphometric data, aiding surgical planning and graft selection in clinical practice
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
